TOWARD A CIRCULAR BIOREFINERY OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB SHELL WASTE: PERFORMANCE OF LABORATORY-SCALE MULTI-PRODUCT FRACTIONATION: MENUJU BIOREFINERY SIRKULAR LIMBAH CANGKANG RAJUNGAN: KINERJA FRAKSINASI MULTIPRODUK PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM

Bambang Riyanto; Syauqina Maitza Afdila; Putri Uswatun Hasanah; Bustami Ibrahim

doi:10.24319/jtpk.17.375-385

Authors

Bambang Riyanto Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Syauqina Maitza Afdila Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Putri Uswatun Hasanah Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Bustami Ibrahim Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.17.375-385

Keywords:

blue swimming crab shell, by-product, chitin-chitosan, circular biorefinery, electricity-related emissions

Abstract

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) shell waste contains chitin, protein, minerals, and pigments, making it a potential feedstock for marine biorefinery. Valorization studies mostly focus on single-product recovery, whereas integrated assessment of yield, material flow, energy demand, electricity-related CO₂, and documented cost inputs remains limited. This study aims to evaluate laboratory-scale fractionation of P. pelagicus shell waste into multiple recovered fractions. Shell powder was processed through demineralization, deproteinization, chitin isolation, deacetylation, acid hydrolysis, carotenoid extraction, precipitation-calcination, and isoelectric precipitation. Recovered fractions included a chitin-rich fraction (27.03 ± 1.41% of initial shell powder), a chitosan-rich fraction (20.0 ± 0.4% of allocated chitin; degree of deacetylation = 78%), a glucosamine HCl-containing fraction (14.8 ± 0.7% of allocated chitin), a crude protein-containing fraction (8.0 ± 0.3%), carotenoids (51.88 ± 0.53 µg/g shell powder), and a calcined calcium-rich fraction (54.8 ± 1.6% of recovered CaCO₃). Non-overlapping final dry fractions totaled 84.8 g/batch, corresponding to an input-normalized product recovery index of 21.2%. Total electricity use was 22.90 kWh/batch, equivalent to 270.0 kWh/kg of non-overlapping final dry fractions; the official Java-Madura-Bali (Jamali) grid operating-margin factor gave 18.32 kg CO₂/batch. Minimum documented reagent cost was IDR 420,605–735,581/batch, whereas grade-mismatched benchmarks for the glucosamine- and calcium-rich fractions totaled only IDR 793–1,271/batch; commercial feasibility was not assessed. The results identify priorities for purification, energy reduction, reagent recovery, residue management, and scale-up.

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