1. Purpose and Basis

Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Agri-Informatika (JIKA) is committed to maintaining the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record it publishes.
This policy governs actions on published articles and manuscripts in process: retraction, expression of concern, withdrawal, correction, removal, and replacement.
Retractions and corrections are intended to correct the literature, not to punish authors.
This policy follows the Retraction Guidelines and flowcharts of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and the retraction policy of Media Konservasi (IPB).

2. Summary of Actions

Action	Used when	Article status
*Correction (erratum, corrigendum, addendum)*	A small or partial error that does not invalidate the main findings	Remains published with a correction notice
Expression of concern	Serious doubts exist, but evidence is inconclusive or an investigation is ongoing	Remains published with an editor's statement
Retraction	Findings are unreliable or a serious ethical breach has occurred	Remains accessible, marked RETRACTED
Withdrawal	The manuscript is not yet published and the authors wish to withdraw it	Not published
Removal	Legal issues or serious risk (very rare)	Content replaced by a notice; metadata retained
Replacement	A seriously harmful error and a corrected version is available	Original retracted; corrected version published

3. Retraction

3.1 Grounds for retraction

The editor may retract an article in any of the following circumstances:

There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either through misconduct (e.g., fabrication or falsification of data, images, code, or model performance metrics) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation, coding errors, or data leakage in model evaluation).
The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification (duplicate or redundant publication).
Plagiarism has occurred, including plagiarism of program code, images, or data.
Material or data have been used without authorisation, including data that breach licences or personal data protection.
Authorship is illegitimate, including fictitious authors, identity theft, or listing AI as an author.
The peer-review process has been compromised, e.g., fake reviewers or paper mill activity.
There has been serious misuse of AI as defined in the JIKA AI Usage Policy, e.g., AI-generated fictitious data or references.
There are undisclosed conflicts of interest that, in the editor's view, influenced the interpretation or the reviewers' recommendations.
The research was unethical, e.g., conducted without required ethics approval or informed consent.

3.2 When retraction is not yet appropriate

Where evidence is insufficient, an investigation is incomplete, or information is difficult to obtain, the editor may first publish an expression of concern (Section 4). Where an error affects only a small part of the article and does not invalidate its conclusions, a correction suffices (Section 6).

3.3 Retraction procedure

The editor receives a report or identifies a potential problem with an article.
The editor assesses the case using COPE flowcharts and examines the evidence (data, code, similarity reports, review history).
The authors are given the opportunity to respond in writing within a period set by the editor (usually 14–30 days).
The JIKA Editorial Board or Ethics Committee reviews the findings and the authors' response and decides on the action. Where necessary, the authors' institution is asked to investigate.
The decision is communicated in writing to all authors and, where relevant, to their institution.
A retraction notice is published on the article page and in the next issue, and is forwarded to Crossref and indexing services.

3.4 Content of the retraction notice

Article title, all author names, volume, issue, pages, and DOI, with a link to the retracted article.
Who is retracting the article (the editor, the authors, or both).
A clear and objective reason for the retraction, distinguishing misconduct from honest error.
The date of retraction.
The notice is freely accessible to all readers.

3.5 Treatment of retracted articles

Retracted articles are not deleted. They remain accessible, with every page of the PDF watermarked "RETRACTED".
The article title on the journal website is prefixed with "Retracted:" and linked to the retraction notice.
The article's Crossref metadata is updated so that its retracted status is visible to readers and indexing services.

3.6 Authors' rights

Authors cannot unilaterally retract a published article, even if they hold the copyright. Copyright does not include the right to remove an article from the scholarly record. Authors who discover a serious error in their article should contact the editor promptly; a retraction requested by the authors themselves is recorded as an author-initiated retraction.

4. Expression of Concern

An expression of concern is published when there are serious doubts about an article but the evidence is inconclusive, the institution cannot investigate, or an investigation will take a long time.
The statement explains the nature of the concern and is linked to the article.
Once the investigation is complete, the statement may be withdrawn, followed by a correction, or escalated to a retraction.

5. Withdrawal of Manuscripts

Withdrawal is an author's request to cancel a manuscript that has not yet been published.
Authors may withdraw a manuscript before peer review begins by submitting a written request through the JIKA publishing system.
Withdrawal during or after peer review is not permitted in principle, as editors' and reviewers' time has already been invested.
If authors must withdraw for compelling reasons, they submit a request letter signed by the corresponding author and the head of their institution to the Editor-in-Chief, stating the reasons for withdrawal.
Manuscripts withdrawn without acceptable reasons, or submitted to another journal while still under consideration at JIKA, may result in a submission ban for a specified period.

6. Corrections

A correction is published when a small part of an article contains an error, such as incorrect data or tables, a coding error that does not change the conclusions, or an inaccurate author list or affiliation.

Type	Meaning	Initiated by
*Erratum*	Notice of a significant error introduced during the publishing process (editing, layout, or systems)	The journal
*Corrigendum*	Notice of a significant error made by the authors	The authors, approved by the editor
*Addendum*	Additional information from the authors to clarify inconsistencies or update data, code, or repository links	The authors, approved by the editor

The editor decides whether a correction is needed and first contacts the authors for clarification.
The correction notice is published as a separate item with its own DOI, linked in both directions to the original article.
The corrected version of the article states the date and type of correction.

7. Removal

Removal of article content is extremely rare and limited to the following circumstances:

The content is clearly defamatory or infringes others' legal rights.
There is a court order or legal obligation.
The content poses a serious risk if acted upon, e.g., exposing personal data, sensitive locations, unpatched security vulnerabilities, or malicious code.

In such cases, the metadata (title and authors) remain available, while the content is replaced with a notice stating that the article has been removed for legal or security reasons.

8. Replacement

Where an error in an article poses a serious risk and the authors have corrected it, the original article is retracted and the corrected version is published. The retraction notice explains the reason for replacement and links to the new version, while the original remains in the archive marked as retracted.

9. Version Marking and Article Updates

Every correction, expression of concern, or retraction is recorded on the article page and in the Crossref metadata. Readers can check an article's current status and version on the article page or, where available, by clicking the Crossmark logo on the first page of the article.

10. Appeals

Authors who disagree with a decision to retract, publish an expression of concern, or correct an article may submit a written appeal to the Editor-in-Chief within 30 days of the decision, stating their reasons and supporting evidence. Appeals are reviewed by people not involved in the original decision, with reference to COPE guidance. The decision on the appeal is final.