Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): ARSHI Veterinary Letters - November 2025

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Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): ARSHI Veterinary Letters - November 2025

Cover: Setiadi, D. R., Hastuti, Y. T., Mulia, B. H., Purwadi, I., Tejolaksono, M. N., Rhomadon, G., Widihasputri, R., Prayetno, S., Manansang, J., & Arifiantini, R. I. (2025). Enhancing pregnancy rates in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) through prostaglandin F₂α–based estrus synchronization. ARSHI Veterinary Letters, 9(4), 115-116.

ARSHI Veterinary Letters (ARSHI Vet Lett) (e-ISSN: 2581-2416) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published four times a year (February, May, August, and November) by the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University—formerly the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Rector Letter No. 328)—in collaboration with the Indonesian Veterinary Hospital Association (ARSHI). Established in 2017 and accredited SINTA 4 (Decree No. 79/E/KPT/2023, May 11, 2023), the journal focuses on clinical case–driven and practitioner-oriented studies in veterinary medicine. It aims to disseminate clinically relevant veterinary knowledge through case-based research, diagnostic innovations, and applied biomedical findings that bridge academic research and daily veterinary practice. ARSHI Vet Lett welcomes submissions covering not limited to case reports, clinical studies, diagnostic imaging, pathology, pharmacology, reproduction, zoonotic diseases, and biomedical innovations. All articles published in ARSHI Vet Lett has been indexed in: Crossreff, WorldCat, Scilit, Dimension, EBSCO, LensScholar, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academia, and being process for other directory of research journal index

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Published: 2025-11-01

Case Study

  • Figure 1. Spatial distribution of laboratory-confirmed canine mono-cytic ehrlichiosis cases in (A) Cabanatuan City, (B) Muñoz City, (C) San Jose City, (D) Gapan City, (E) Palayan City, and (F) municipalities of Nueva Ecija, Philippines, during 2021–2022.

    Temporal and spatial epidemiology of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Nueva Ecija, Philippines

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.91-92
    Francis Y. Reyes (1), Christian C. Santos (2), Armando G. Agustin (3)
    (1) College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines, Philippines ,
    (2) College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines, Philippines ,
    (3) Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, 3120, Philippines, Philippines
    91-92
    Abstract : 310
    PDF : 131
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.91-92
  • Figure 1. Surgical procedure of incisional hernia in a cat. (A) Protru-sion of peritoneal fat through the abdominal wall, (B) intra-abdominal repositioning of the herniated tissue, (C) closure of the musculus ab-dominis internus, and (D) skin closure

    Incisional hernia following ovariohysterectomy in a mixed-breed domestic cat

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.93-94
    Anggieta Ratuyustiarany (1), Muhammad Farid Rizal (2), Hadrianus Lau (3), Donna Marie Leo (4), Hilma Lutfiah Sudarsyah (5), Rahmadhani Angger Syahputra (6), Reinier Melvern (7)
    (1) Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Klinik Hewan Urban Animal, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Klinik Hewan Urban Animal, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Klinik Hewan Urban Animal, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Klinik Hewan Urban Animal, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia
    93-94
    Abstract : 453
    PDF : 212
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.93-94
  • Figure 1. Necropsy findings in a feline cadaver. (A) Tracheal hyper-emia; (B) lung flotation test; (C) hemorrhage in pulmonary lobes; (D) abdominal lipoma with gastric distension; (E) excised lipoma; (F) Asca-ridia spp. and hairballs in the stomach; (G) hemorrhagic gastric mucosa lesions; (H) hemorrhagic duodenal lesions; (I) oral region of nematode; (J) nematode body; (K) nematode tail end

    Fatal thoracic compression due to abdominal lipoma and gastric distension in a cat

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.95-96
    Cahya Alamsyah Putra Anugerah (1), Cut Aja Salsabila (2), Ghazy Zhafran Febryawan (3), Shafia Khairani (4)
    (1) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    95-96
    Abstract : 254
    PDF : 87
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.95-96
  • Figure 1. Local dog ear showing swelling and nodules, erythema, and scratching wounds (A). Malassezia spp. yeast undergoing oval, cylin-drical, and bean-shaped budding (400x) (B).

    Treatment of otitis externa caused by Malassezia spp. in a local dog: a non-systemic antifungal approach

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.97-98
    I Komang Juanda Rasmana (1), Carrisa Saraswati Putri Aryana (2), Ni Made Devityasih Perayadhista (3), Ni Wayan Helpina Widyasanti (4), I Putu Cahyadi Putra (5)
    (1) Hello Vet Bali Cabang Sedap Malam Clinic, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Hello Vet Bali Cabang Sedap Malam Clinic, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Agriculture and Food Security Service of Bali Province, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia
    97-98
    Abstract : 914
    PDF : 282
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.97-98
  • Figure 2. Isolation and identification of bacteria from the intestinal organs of chickens. (A) Pale yellow colonies on MacConkey agar, (B) Gram-negative bacilli, (C) biochemical reactions showing citrate-negative, K/A on Kligler Iron Agar with no gas and no H₂S production, (D) urease-negative, (E) indole-negative, and non-motile results

    Systemic fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens: Pathological and microbiological evidence

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.99-100
    Tiara Azzahra (1), Devina Aisyah Maharani (2), Amar Adonay Tsevaot (3), Tyagita Hartady (4), Armanda Dwi Prayugo (5), Sarasati Windria (6), Ita Krissanti (7), Faisal Amri Satrio (8)
    (1) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (8) Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    99-100
    Abstract : 302
    PDF : 442
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.99-100
  • Figure 1. Cytological features of preputial exudate from a dog with canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), stained with Wright–Giemsa and examined at ×400 magnification

    Cytological diagnosis of canine transmissible venereal tumor in an intact male domestic dog

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.101-102
    Abellisa Abellisa (1), Etriwati Etriwati (2), Erwin Erwin (3), Fikri Alsidik Ajis (4)
    (1) Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Kota Bukittinggi, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Laboratory of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Postgraduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB university, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    101-102
    Abstract : 378
    PDF : 163
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.101-102
  • Figure 2. Blood smear showing Babesia in erythrocytes and Ehrlichia in monocytes. (A) Babesia (black arrow); (B) Ehrlichia in monocytes (black arrow); (C) no morulae in monocytes; (D) no intraerythrocytic parasites. 1000× magnification

    Treatment of concurrent babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in a dog using imidocarb dipropionate and doxycycline

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.103-104
    I Gde Andhika Putra Pratama (1), Putu Ayu Sisyawati Putriningsih (2), I Gusti Made Krisna Erawan (3)
    (1) Veterinary Medicine Professional Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia
    103-104
    Abstract : 427
    PDF : 1217
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.103-104
  • Figure 2. Surgical management and postoperative outcome of type III atresia ani. (A) Excision of the blind-ending rectal pouch with apposi-tion of the rectal mucosa and submucosa to the perineal skin using 3-0 polypropylene in a simple interrupted pattern. (B) Placement of a tem-porary 1-cc syringe port following anoplasty to prevent anal stenosis. (C) Perineal region on postoperative day 3 after removal of the syringe port due to obstruction by faecal material. (D) Completely healed anal wound on postoperative day 14.

    Anoplasty for type III atresia ani with fistula complicated by megacolon in a puppy

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.105-106
    Viviana Anyaputri Tanurahardja (1), I Wayan Wirata (2), I Gusti Agung Gde Putra Pemayun (3)
    (1) Profession Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Indonesia
    105-106
    Abstract : 528
    PDF : 132
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.105-106
  • Figure 1. Clinical and mycological findings in a kitten infected with Mycoleptodiscus indicus. (A) Kitten in critical condition. (B) Extensive subcutaneous infection with necrosis. (C) Cytological smear showing M. indicus hyphae (red arrow), epithelial cells (yellow arrow), and neu-trophils (black arrow). (D) Fungal growth of M. indicus on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA).

    Mycotic pneumonia in a domestic cat caused by Mycoleptodiscus indicus has zoonotic potential and may pose a threat to national security

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.107-108
    Putu Mira Puspitayani (1), Syamsul Maarif (2), Lilik Kurniawan (3), Anwar Kurniadi (4), Wilopo (5), I Putu Juli Sukariada (6), Sherli Melani Ludji (7)
    (1) Study Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Salemba, Central Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Study Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Salemba, Central Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Study Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Salemba, Central Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Study Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Salemba, Central Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Study Program of Disaster Management, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Salemba, Central Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Military Logistics Vocational Studies, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Military Logistics Vocational Studies, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Belu, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Indonesia
    107-108
    Abstract : 321
    PDF : 113
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.107-108

Articles

  • Table S2. Results of Blood Chemistry Examinations of the Geriatrics Dogs

    Hematological and biochemical alterations in geriatric dogs: a short-interval clinical screening study

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.109-110
    Erni Sulistiawati (1), Henny Endah Anggraeni (2), Muhammad Haikal Adhim (3), Mardoto (4), Muzakkii Rizqullah Farhan Zain (5), Zakiyyan Rasya Al Haitami (6), Tarishah Aulia Nisaa (7), Jodhy Anggara Putra (8), Raisha Ramadanti (9), Difla Aisyah Mallayeka (10)
    (1) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (8) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (9) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (10) Study Program of Veterinary Paramedic, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    109-110
    Abstract : 256
    PDF : 51 SUPPORTING INFORMATION : 34
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.109-110
  • Table 1. Bacterial identification results from Psittacine isolates

    Identification of gram-negative enteric bacteria and antimicrobial resistance patterns in captive psittacine birds from Indonesia

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.111-112
    Arfah Herawana El Zamzami (1), Safika (2), Mokhamad Fahrudin (3), Muhammad Piter Kombo (4), Wisnu Rahmadan Almanda (5)
    (1) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Division of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Animal Health of Bird Park Jagat Satwa Nusantara, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Magister Program of Biomedical Animal Science,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    111-112
    Abstract : 342
    PDF : 64
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.111-112
  • Figure 1. Morphological and molecular identification of Haemonchus contortus larvae from spotted deer. (A) Infective third-stage larvae (L3) from faecal cultures. (B) Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showing the 260 bp amplicon of Haemonchus contortus. M, DNA ladder; +, positive control; S, sample; −, negative control.

    Molecular detection of Haemonchus contortus on spotted deer (Axis axis)

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.113-114
    Ridi Arif (1), Sekar Ayu Mifthadillah (2), Gabriella Natalie (3)
    (1) Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    113-114
    Abstract : 154
    PDF : 83
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.113-114
  • Figure 1. Clinical signs of estrus 48h (A, B) and 72h (C) after the 2nd injection of PGF2α in Bali cattle, showed no significant differences

    Enhancing pregnancy rates in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) through prostaglandin F₂α–based estrus synchronization

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.115-116
    Dedi Rahmat Setiadi (1), Yohana Tri Hastuti (2), Bongot Huaso Mulia (3), Imam Purwadi (4), Muhammad Nanang Tejolaksono (5), Gilang Rhomadon (6), Risti Widihasputri (7), Saptohadi Prayetno (8), Jansen Manansang (9), Raden Iis Arifiantini (10)
    (1) Division Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Taman Safari Indonesia II, Prigen, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Taman Safari Indonesia II, Prigen, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) PT. Smelting Indonesia, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (8) PT. Smelting Indonesia, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (9) Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (10) Division Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia
    115-116
    Abstract : 208
    PDF : 83
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.115-116
  • Table 1. The average value of the length of the oestrous cycle and its period in virgin rats

    Phase-dependent effects of purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS) on estrous cycle modulation in virgin female rats

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.117-118
    Pudji Achmadi (1), Damiana Rita Ekastuti (2), Ronald Tarigan (3), Isdoni Bustamam (4), Koekoeh Santoso (5), Hera Maheshwari (6), Aryani Satyaningtijas (7)
    (1) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (3) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) Division of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    117-118
    Abstract : 176
    PDF : 122
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.117-118
  • Table 1 Effect of Psidium guajava leaves extract (100-800 mg/kg BW, p.o.) on castor oil-induced intestinal transit in rats

    Antidiarrheal evaluation of guava leaf infusion in pediatric rats using an intestinal transit model

    DOI : 10.29244/avl.9.4.119-120
    Altaff Hendry (1), Teo Qin Yan (2), Daniel Latief Andre (3), Muhammad Luthfi Rahman (4), Win Satya Rudramurti (5), Nadine Hanifa Permana (6), Dian Maulia Utami (7), Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi (8), Agustin Indrawati (9)
    (1) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (2) Taman Mulia Indah, 7 Jalan 21/117A, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Malaysia ,
    (3) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (4) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (5) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (6) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (7) Program of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (8) Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia ,
    (9) Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, Indonesia
    119-120
    Abstract : 142
    PDF : 78
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/avl.9.4.119-120