INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF CORAL REEFS AND REEF FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN KAIMANA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS, WEST PAPUA: PENILAIAN TERPADU TERUMBU KARANG DAN KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN KAIMANA, PAPUA BARAT

Roni Bawole; Ridwan Sala; Rully N. Wurarah; Selvi  Tebaiy; Ismail Sirfefa; Duaitd Kolibongso; Mudjirahayu Mudjirahayu; Sefrianto Timang  Saleda; Christover Alfarani Bawole; Marthin Matulessy; Sulistiono Sulistiono; Habema F.  Monim; Irman Rumengan; Dariani Matualage; Nugraha  Maulana

doi:10.24319/jtpk.17.243-252

Authors

Roni Bawole Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Ridwan Sala Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Rully N. Wurarah Faculty of Economy and Business, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Selvi Tebaiy Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Ismail Sirfefa West Papua Special Autonomy Development Acceleration Agency, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Duaitd Kolibongso Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Mudjirahayu Mudjirahayu Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Sefrianto Timang Saleda Fisheries Office of Nabire Regency, Jl. R.E Martadinata, Nabire, Papua Tengah 98816, Indonesia
Christover Alfarani Bawole Graduate School of Environmental Science, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Marthin Matulessy Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Sulistiono Sulistiono Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Habema F. Monim Division of Conservation Science, Institute for Research and Community Service, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Irman Rumengan Division of Conservation Science, Institute for Research and Community Service, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Dariani Matualage Division of Conservation Science, Institute for Research and Community Service, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia
Nugraha Maulana Division of Conservation Science, Institute for Research and Community Service, University of Papua, Jl. Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, Papua Barat 98314, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.17.243-252

Keywords:

adaptive management, coral reefs, long-term monitoring, marine protected areas, reef fish assemblages

Abstract

Coral reefs in the Kaimana Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in West Papua are among Indonesia’s most biodiverse ecosystems, but human activities and climate change increasingly threaten them. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of coral reefs and reef fish assemblages in the No-Take and Utilization Zones of Kaimana MPA using historical monitoring data. The data were collected from 24 sites across three periods: T0 (2012–2013), T1 (2015–2016), and T2 (2019), and analyzed in 2020. Benthic composition was assessed using the Point Intercept Transect method, while reef fish assemblages were surveyed via Underwater Visual Census. Ecological indicators included live hard coral cover, benthic substrate composition, and biomass of reef fish by trophic groups and families. Temporal and spatial differences among monitoring periods and between the No-Take and Utilization Zones were tested using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Live hard coral cover differed significantly between management zones (p < 0.001), increasing in the No-Take Zone but declining in the Utilization Zone. Several benthic indicators, including crustose coralline algae, rubble, dead coral, and other algae, showed significant temporal variation, reflecting disturbance, eutrophication, and climate-related stress. In contrast, reef fish biomass declined across zones and monitoring periods, indicating that spatial protection alone has been insufficient to counteract persistent fishing pressure and limited enforcement. The contrasting trends in coral cover and reef fish biomass emphasize the need for adaptive MPA management through stronger enforcement, community participation, habitat restoration, and ridge-to-reef water-quality control.

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