The Diversity of Shallot Rhizomicrobiome and Twisted Disease Suppression with The Applicationof Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma asperellum
Abstract
Twisted disease (Fusarium spp.) is an endemic disease that reduces shallot production in the coastal land area of Samas, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The application of Bacillus spp. can suppress the twisted disease by secreting secondary metabolites and enhancing soil suppressiveness. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding spraying Bacillus spp. on the disease incidence, production of shallots, and their effect on the diversity of rhizomicrobiome by culture microbe approaches. Bacillus spp. with a density 108 cfu mL-1, Trichoderma asperellum 106 cfu mL-1 was applied by spraying to the shallot. Fungicide chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and prochloraz were used to control the disease. The diversity of rhizobacteria and fungi was analyzed using the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) method. Based on the analysis result, the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease, but it was able to enhance the production of shallot bulbs reaching 7.10, 7.80, and 8.43 ton ha-1. Furthermore, the result revealed the diversity of the rhizomicrobiome, spraying Bacillus sp. showed 39% differences in bacterial diversity with control while T. asperellum caused 43% difference in the diversity. Spraying Bacillus spp. has not been able to suppress the incidence of twisted diseases compared to control. However, the similar disease incidence on a spraying Bacillus spp. and control showed a higher production until 70% compared to control. This result showed that the addition of spraying Bacillus spp. able to increase the tolerance of shallot plants toward twisted disease.
Downloads
References
Artanti H, Joko T, Somowiyarjo S, Suryanti S. 2022. The potential of Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum to induce shallot resistance against twisted disease. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 26(1):57–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.70673.
Fu L, Penton CR, Ruan Y, Shen Z, Xue C, Li R, Shen Q. 2017. Inducing the rhizosphere microbiome by biofertilizer application to suppress banana fusarium wilt disease. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 104:39–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.10.008.
Hadiwiyono H, Sari K, Poromarto SH. 2020. Yields losses caused by basal plate rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae) in some shallot varieties. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 35(2):250–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.26916.
Hahuly MV, Sumardiyono C, Wibowo A, Subandiyah S, Harper S. 2018. Identification of purple blotch pathogen of shallot by PCR using specific primer for Alternaria genus. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 51(3–4):103–121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2017.1384196.
Hashimoto T, Koga M, Masaoka Y. 2009. Advantages of a diluted nutrient broth medium for isolating N 2-producing denitrifying bacteria of α-Proteobacteria in surface and subsurface upland soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 55(5):647–659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2009.00404.x.
Joko T, Koentjoro MP, Somowiyarjo S, Rohman MS, Liana A, Ogawa N. 2012. Response of rhizobacterial communities in watermelon to infection with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus as revealed by cultivation-dependent RISA. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 45(15):1810–1818. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.707526.
Liu Y, Chen L, Wu G, Feng H, Zhang G, Shen Q, Zhang R. 2017. Identification of root-secreted compounds involved in the communication between cucumber, the beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 30(1):53–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-16-0131-R.
Niu DD, Liu HX, Jiang CH, Wang YP, Wang QY, Jin HL, Guo JH. 2011. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus AR156 induces systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana by simultaneously activating salicylate- and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 24(5):533–542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0213.
Norman J. 1958. Soil extract in soil microbiology. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 4(4):1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/m58-038.
Nugroho AW. 2015. Potensi jamur perakaran sebagai agens pengendalian hayati penyakit moler ( Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) pada bawang merah. Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi. 17(1):4–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v17i1.18656.
Nurhayati Y, Suryanti S, Wibowo A. 2021. In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum isolate UGM-LHAF against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight disease of rice. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 25(1):64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.65290.
Rahma AA, Suryanti, Somowiyarjo S, Joko T. 2020. Induced disease resistance and promotion of shallot growth by bacillus velezensis B-27. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 23(9):1113–1121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2020.1113.1121.
Ranjard L, Brothier E, Nazaret S. 2000. Sequencing bands of ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints for characterization and microscale distribution of soil bacterium populations responding to mercury spiking. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66(12):5334–5339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.12.5334-5339.2000.
Ranjard L, Poly F, Lata JC, Mougel C, Thioulouse J, Nazaret S. 2001. Characterization of bacterial and fungal soil communities by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints: biological and methodological variability. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67(10):4479–4487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.10.4479-4487.2001.
Rudrappa T, Czymmek KJ, Paré PW, Bais HP. 2008. Root-secreted malic acid recruits beneficial soil bacteria. Plant Physiology. 148(3):1547–1556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.127613.
Tuhuteru S, Sulistyaningsih E, Wibowo DA. 2019. Aplikasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria dalam meningkatkan produktivitas bawang merah di lahan pasir pantai. Indonesian Journal of Agronomy. 47(1):53–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v47i1.22271.
Wulan EIR, Wibowo A, Joko T, Widiastuti A. 2022. Induced resistance mechanism of twisted disease suppression of shallot by Bacillus spp. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 26(1):40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-021-01225-5.
Zhang X, Xue C, Fang D, He X, Wei M, Zhuo C, Jin J, Shen B, Li R, Ling N, Shen Q. 2021. Manipulating the soil microbiomes during a community recovery process with plant beneficial species for the suppression of fusarium wilt of watermelon. AMB Express. 11(1):87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-021-01225-5.
Zhou Y, Yang L, Wang J, Guo L, Huang J. 2021. Synergistic effect between Trichoderma virens and Bacillus velezensis on the control of tomato bacterial wilt disease. Horticulturae. 7(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110439.
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.