Status Vitamin D pada Pekerja Perempuan Industri Tekstil di Wilayah Tropis Indonesia

Abstract

 Vitamin D status may remain inadequate in tropical settings despite high solar availability because occupational and behavioral characteristics may limit effective ultraviolet B exposure. This study described serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and examined selected lifestyle and nutritional-status characteristics among female textile workers in Sukabumi, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 65 female textile workers recruited from a garment industry in Cicurug, Sukabumi. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Vitamin D status was classified as deficient (<12 ng/mL), insufficient (12–19.9 ng/mL), or adequate (≥20 ng/mL). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, while bivariate analyses examined associations between vitamin D deficiency and selected characteristics, including age, sunlight-exposure duration, hijab use, vitamin D supplementation, body-fat percentage, and body mass index. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 13.2±4.4 ng/mL. Overall, 46.2% of participants were vitamin D deficient, 44.6% were insufficient, and only 9.2% had adequate vitamin D status. Hijab use was associated with higher odds of vitamin D deficiency in bivariate analysis (OR=3.37; 95% CI:1.105–10.269; p=0.029). High body-fat percentage (≥35%) was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR=0.18; 95% CI: 0.036–0.894; p=0.028, Fisher’s exact test), although this estimate was based on a small number of participants in the high-body-fat group and should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Age, sunlight-exposure duration, vitamin D supplementation, and body mass index were not significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. These findings indicate a substantial burden of suboptimal vitamin D status among female textile workers in this tropical setting. Further studies with larger samples and more detailed assessment of ultraviolet exposure, clothing-related skin coverage, dietary vitamin D intake, and supplementation are warranted to better characterize factors associated with vitamin D status in this occupational population.