Development of Stunting Early Detection Kit for Children under Two Years: Validity and Reliability
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2021)
Accepted
16 December 2020
Published
4 March 2021
Keywords:
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aged 0-24 months, nutrition screening tool, reliability, stunting, validity
Abstract
This study aimed to determine validity and reliability of the new developed Stunting Early Detection Kit (SEDEK). This study was a cross-sectional study. A total sample of 30 children under two years from a Posyandu in Seyegan, Yogyakarta, was involved in the study. Every child was measured using SEDEK and infantometer-WHO Length for Age Growth Chart as the gold standard to find out its validity. Validity was determined by sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Reliability in this study was measured by intra-rater reliability, by comparing the first measurement and the second measurement from a rater using SEDEK. The intra-rater reliability determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The results showed no significant difference between length measurements using SEDEK and the gold standards (p>0.05). The SEDEK sensitivity was 80%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 72.7%, negative predictive value 89.5%. SEDEK reliability is demonstrated by ICC of 0.781. However, this study suggest that the current SEDEK version has not met the required sensitivity and positive predictivevalue of more than 80% so that it can be used as a detection tool. Further research is needed to improve the quality of SEDEK so that the SEDEK improved version can be used at the community-based health facilities level.
References
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Sudja S, Sitanggang B, Shagti I, Purnawan AI. 2019. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) anthropometric wall chart (Awc) Tb/U for detecting stunting on children aged 6–12 Years. KnE Life Sciences. 210–221. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i15.5761.
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[UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank] United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund/World Health Organization/The World Bank. 2019. Levels an Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2020 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimate. Geneva (CH): WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2008. Training Course on Child Growth Assesment. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization.
Zaidi SMH, Waseem HF, Ansari FA, Irfan M, Fahim S. 2016. Sample Size Estimation of Diagnostic Test Studies in Health Sciences. Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Statistical Sciences (page 239-246), 14–16th March 2016. Pakistan (PK): University Karachi.
Amareta DI, Arum P, Hikmah F. 2016. Peningkatan keterampilan kader dalam pengukuran panjang badan bayi sebagai upaya deteksi dini stunting di wilayah kerja puskesmas sumbersari. J-Dinamika Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1(1):9–13. https://doi.org/10.25047/j-dinamika.v1i1.128.g134.
Basset L, Ruel-Bergeron J. 2012. Promoting Healthy Child Growth and Development: Advances and Opportunities for Community-Based Nutrition Programs in Central America. Washington (USA): The World Bank.
de Onis M, Onyango AW, Broeck JVD, Chumlea WC, Martorell R. 2004. Measurement and standardization protocols for anthropometry used in the construction of a new international growth reference. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 25(Suppl 1):S27–S36. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 15648265040251S104.
de Onis M, Branca F. 2016. Childhood stunting: A global perspective. Matern Child Nutr 12(S1):12–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12231.
Fuada N, Salimar, Irawati A. 2014. Kemampuan kader posyandu dalam melakukan pengukuran panjang/tinggi badan balita. Indonesian Journal of Health Ecology 13(3):229–239.
Glascoe FP. 1991. Developmental screening: Rationale, methods, and application. Infants & Young Children 4(1):1–10.
Gleason PM, Harris J, Sheean PM, Boushey CJ, Bruemmer B. 2010. Publishing nutrition research: Validity, reliability, and diagnostic test assessment in nutrition-related research. J Am Diet Assoc 110 (3):409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.jada.2009.11.022.
Hadi A, Alfridsyah A, Affan I. 2019. Efektifitas deteksi stunting menggunakan KMS dinding indeks TB/U pada anak usia 4–5 tahun di Sekolah PAUD. Aceh Nutrition Journal 4(1):70–74. https://doi.org/10.30867 /action.v4i1.160.
Hashemi-Nejad N, Choobineh A, Baneshi MR, Jafari-Roodbandi A. 2013. Intra-observer and Inter-observer reliability in direct anthropometry. Int J Occup Hyg 5(2):82–88.
Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D. 2018. Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children - E-Book. Missouri (USA): Elsevier Health Sciences.
Jamaiyah H, Geeta A, Safiza MN, Khor HL, Wang NF, Kee CC, Rahmah R, Ahmad AZ, Suzana S, Chen WS et al. 2010. Reliability, technical error of measurements and validity of length and weight measurements for children under two years old in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 65(Supplement A):131–137.
Koo TK, Li MY. 2016. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med 15(2):155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018. Situasi Balita Pendek (Stunting) di Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Maxim LD, Niebo R, Utell MJ. 2014. Screening tests: A review with examples. Inhalation Toxicology 26(13):811–828. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2014.955932.
Mony PK, Swaminathan S, Gajendran JK, Vaz M. 2016. Quality assurance for accuracy of anthropometric measurements in clinical and epidemiological studies [Errare humanum est = to err is human]. Indian J Community Med 41(2):98–102. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.173499.
Murti B. 2011. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Pengukuran. Matrikulasi Program Studi Doktoral Fakultas Kedokteran. Surakarta: Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret.
Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. 2014. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatr Int Child Health 34(4):250–265. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158.
Renyoet BS, Martianto D, Sukandar D. 2016. Potensi kerugian ekonomi karena stunting pada balita di Indonesia tahun 2013. J Gizi Pangan 11(3):247–254. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2016.11.3.%p.
Sinaga HT, Alfridsyah BS, Hadi A. 2018. A simple nutrition screening tool for detecting stunting of pre-schoolers: Development and validity assessment. Pakistan J Nutr 17(5):236–241. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2018.236.241.
Stewart CP, Iannotti L, Dewey KG, Michaelsen KF, Onyango AW. 2013. Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention. Maternal & child nutrition 9(S2):27–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12088.
Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. 2015. Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
Sudja S, Sitanggang B, Shagti I, Purnawan AI. 2019. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) anthropometric wall chart (Awc) Tb/U for detecting stunting on children aged 6–12 Years. KnE Life Sciences. 210–221. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i15.5761.
Trevethan R. 2017. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values: Foundations, pliabilities, and pitfalls in research and practice. Front Public Health 5:307. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00307.
[UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank] United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund/World Health Organization/The World Bank. 2019. Levels an Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2020 Edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimate. Geneva (CH): WHO.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2008. Training Course on Child Growth Assesment. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization.
Zaidi SMH, Waseem HF, Ansari FA, Irfan M, Fahim S. 2016. Sample Size Estimation of Diagnostic Test Studies in Health Sciences. Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Statistical Sciences (page 239-246), 14–16th March 2016. Pakistan (PK): University Karachi.
Authors
NurlitaA. N., WigatiM., HasanbasriM., JumarkoJ., & HelmyatiS. (2021). Development of Stunting Early Detection Kit for Children under Two Years: Validity and Reliability. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 16(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2021.16.1.39-46
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