Potensi Mikrob Endofit dalam Menekan Penyakit Busuk Umbi pada Tanaman Bawang Merah
Potential of Endophytic Microbes in Suppressing Basal Rot Disease in Shallot Plants
Abstract
Potential of Endophytic Microbes in Suppressing Basal Rot Disease in Shallot Plants
Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia. One of the constraints on shallot production in Indonesia is basal rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Several endophytic microbes have been reported to play a role as biological agents and effectively suppress plant diseases. This study aims to determine the ability of Bacillus siamensis, Chaetomium sp., Curvularia lunata, and Trichoderma asperellum to suppress the growth of F. oxysporum. The endophytic microbes are collection of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. In vitro assay was carried out using dual culture assay and production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOC) assay. VOC assay was conducted on PDA and TSA medium with concentration levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. In vivo assay was conducted by planting shallot bulbs after soaking in the endophytic microbial suspension, followed by inoculation of F. oxysporum at 1 week after planting. Inhibition of the growth of F. oxysporum on dual culture assay reached 51.41% (B. siamensis), 71.04% (Chaetomium sp.), 69.45% (C. lunata), and 74.55% (T. asperellum); while VOC assay also indicated inhibition by endophytic microbes with relative inhibition level of 34.45% (B. siamensis), 14.53% (Chaetomium sp.), 35.23% (C. lunata), and 42.57% (T. asperellum). Suppression of disease incidence by endophytic microbes reached 60.00% to 73.33%.
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