Bakteri Agens Hayati Potensial terhadap Patogen Penting pada Padi
Abstract
The Potential Biological Agent Bacteria Against for Controling Important Pathogens on Rice
At present, biological control technology for the main diseases of rice continues to grow. In the development of biological control technology, inhibition mechanism of pathogens in the development of disease in a plant population in a certain area becomes important. The aim of this study was to obtain potential biological agent bacteria for controlling important rice diseases based on antagonistic mechanism, ability to induce plant resistance and support plant fitness, and their compatibility. The results showed that Ralstonia pickettii TT47, Pseudomonas fluorescens P12, Chromobacterium sp. T51118, Bacillus subtilis 451 and 154, and Streptomyces sp. T51105 have an antibiosis mechanism by producing secondary metabolites and volatile compounds. Additionaly, Chromobacterium sp. and Streptomyces sp. also have a lysis mechanism on the basis of the chitinolityc enzyme production test. The antibiotic activity of R. pickettii and P. fluorescens were strong to P. oryzae on dual culture test with the highest inhibition up to 79.68% and 77.59% respectively. Inhibition growth of P. oryzae and R. solani mycelium on volatile tests up to 100% by Chromobacterium sp. T51118. Generally, all of biological agents were able to induce plant resistance and support to plant fitness. Compatibility test obtained R. pickettii, P. fluorescens, and Chromobacterium sp. were compatible. Based on the results, three biocontrol agent bacteria, namely P. fluorescens P12, R. pickettii TT47, and Chromobacterium sp. T51118 were excellent. They were able to suppress the growth of pathogens, were able to induce plant resistance and support plant fitness, as well as they have more diverse target pathogens, and compatible.
Downloads
References
Alexander DB, Zuberer DA. 1991. Use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria. Biol Fertil Soils. 2:39–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00369386.
Faramarzi MA, Fazeli M, Yazdi MT, Adrangi S, Al-Ahmadi KJ, Tasharrofi N, Mohseni FA. 2009. Optimization of cultural condition for production citinase by soil isolate of Massilia timonae. J Biotechnol. 8(1):93–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2009.93.99.
Haggag WM, Soud MAE. 2012. Production and optimization of Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass and metabolites for biocontrol of strawberry grey mould. Am J Plant Sci. 3:836–845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.37101.
Kar M, Mishra D. 1976. Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiol. 57:315–319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.57.2.315.
Karpagam T, Nagalakshmi PK. 2014. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing microbes from agricultural soil. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 3(3):601–614.
Kartika R, Syafi’i W, Hanafi M. 2003. Aktivitas antijamur damar mata kucing. JTHH. 16(2):81–89.
Kurniawati S, Mutaqin KH. 2016. Eksplorasi dan uji senyawa bioaktif bakteri agensia hayati untuk pengendalian penyakit kresek pada padi. J HPT Tropika. 15(2):170–179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.215170-179.
Leclere V, Bechet M, Adam A, Guez JS, Wathelet B, Ongena M, Thonart P, Gancel F, Chollet-Imbert M, Jacques P. 2005. Mycosubtilin overproduction by Bacillus subtilis BBG100 enhances the organism’s antagonistic and biocontrol activities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71:4577–4584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.8.4577-4584.2005.
Mishra DS, Kumar A, Prajapati CR, Singh AK, Sharma SD. 2011. Identification of compatible bacteria and fungal isolate and their effectiveness against plant disease. J Environ Biol. 34:183–189.
Murthy KN, Uzma F, Chitrashree, Srinivas C. 2014. Induction of systemic resistance in tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Am J Plant Sci. 5:1799–1811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.512193.
Ngadze E, Icishahayo D, Coutinho TA, van der Waals JE. 2012. Role of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chlorogenic acid, and total soluble phenols in resistance of potatoes to soft rot. Plant Dis. 96:186–192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-11-0149.
Nurfadillah. 2016. Uji potensi dan kompatibilitas bakteri agens hayati untuk pengendalian Pyricularia oryzae penyebab penyakit blas pada padi [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Pal KK, Gardener BM. 2006. Biological control of plant pathogens. Plant Health Inst. 2006: 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHI-A-2006-1117-02.
Parida I, Damayanti TA, Giyanto. 2016. Isolasi, seleksi, dan identifikasi bakteri endofit sebagai agens penginduksi ketahanan padi terhadap hawar daun bakteri. J Fitopatol Indones. 12(6):199–208.
Rustam. 2012. Potensi bakteri penghasil senyawa bioaktif anticendawan untuk pengendalian penyakit hawar pelepah padi [disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Singh PP, Shin YC, Park CS, Chung YR. 1999. Biological control of fusarium wilt of cucumber by chitinolytic bacteria. Phytopathology. 89:92–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.1.92.
Sivan A, Ucko O, Chet I. 1987. Biological control of Fusarium crown rot of tomato by Trichoderma harzianum under field condition. Plant Dis 71:587–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-71-0587.
Skidmore AM, Dickinson CH. 1976. Colony interaction and hyphal interference between Septoria nodorum and phylloplane fungi. Trans British Mycol Soc. 66(1):57–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(76)80092-7.
Sukma D, Poerwanto R, Sudarsono R, Khumaida N, Artika IM, Wiyono S. 2012. Aktivitas kitinase dan peroksidase dari ekstrak kasar protein asal kalus dan berbagai jaringan tanaman Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina. J Agron Indones. 40(3):225–231.
Velho-Pereira S, Kamat NM. 2011. Antimicrobial screening of actiobacteria using a modified cross-streak method. Indian J Pharm Sci. 73(2): 223–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.91566.
Walker R, Innes CMJ, Allan EJ. 2001. The potential biocontrol agent Pseudomonas antimicrobial inhibits germination of conidia and outgrowth of Botrytis cinerea. Lett Appl Microbiol. 32:346–348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00915.x.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
