Renal lipid peroxidation and tubular lesions following ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride exposure in rats
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Nephrolithiasis-induced renal injury involves crystal deposition and oxidative stress. This study evaluated renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological alterations in rats induced with ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl). Ten male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to a normal control group and an induction group receiving 0.75% EG and 2% NH₄Cl in drinking water ad libitum for 28 days (n = 5 per group). Renal MDA concentrations were quantified via thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, and tissue structural changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The induction group exhibited a statistically significant elevation in renal MDA levels (11.12 ± 4.45 nmol/mg wet tissue) compared to controls (5.93 ± 0.61 nmol/mg wet tissue). Histopathological examination revealed intratubular crystal deposition, hyaline cast formation, and tubular epithelial cell necrosis. Co-administration of EG and NH₄Cl effectively establishes a nephrolithiasis model characterized by heightened lipid peroxidation and severe nephron structural damage.
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