Government-Led Reclamation Model for Illegal Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v18i2.68540Keywords:
illegal mining, nature tourism, post-mining landscape, reclamation landscape design, regenerative designAbstract
Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) conducted without adherence to best mining practices across Indonesia has resulted in the degradation of approximately 557,000 ha across 8,386 locations, characterized by soil loss, quartz sand exposure, and widespread post-mining pits. Land recovery relies on long-term natural plant succession, necessitating government-led rehabilitation due to the absence of legally responsible mining operators. This study aims to examine the processes involved in mitigating the environmental impacts of ASM activities and to propose a model for effective post-mining land restoration by Government of Indonesia (GOI). The research further analyzed the reclamation planning model applied by the government. The results indicate that government-led reclamation of former illegal mining areas begins with the identification of illegal mining site indications, followed by feasibility studies. Sites deemed feasible are then developed into detailed reclamation designs. Of the 13 selected ASM locations, only four sites were considered suitable for further reclamation design. The resulting reclamation model integrates ecological restoration through forest and plantation species with tourism-oriented landscape design. Landscape planning for restoring former illegal mining land applied a revegetation-based zoning system aligned with the development conditions of existing plant communities.
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