BODY IMAGE AND SOCIAL ANXIETY IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES WITH IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS: EXPLORING SELF-ESTEEM AS MEDIATOR
Citra Tubuh dan Kecemasan Sosial pada Remaja Putri Skoliosis Idiopatik: Mengeksplorasi Self-esteem sebagai Mediator
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2026.19.1.57Keywords:
adolescent females, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), body image, self-esteem, social anxietyAbstract
Adolescent females diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis frequently encounter body image-related psychological difficulties that induce social anxiety, a condition significantly influenced by their level of self-esteem. The goal of this research is to explore the role of self-esteem in the influence of body image on social anxiety in adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis. This quantitative study involved 153 adolescent females aged 13–21 years who were diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis. A mediation design was chosen to investigate the influence of body image on social anxiety, mediated by self-esteem. Purposive sampling was utilized as the sampling technique. The psychological constructs measured included body image, self-esteem, and social anxiety. The findings identified self-esteem as a partial mediator of the relationship between body image and social anxiety among adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis (β=-0.0996, 95% CI [-0.20, -0.01]). Further analysis showed that negative body image significantly predicted diminished self-esteem, which subsequently predicted elevated levels of social anxiety. Clinical practitioners in the field of psychology are advised to develop psychological interventions that focus on enhancing self-esteem in order to effectively help adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis reduce social anxiety.
References
Auerbach, J. D., Lonner, B. S., Crerand, C. E., Shah, S. A., Flynn, J. M., Bastrom, T., Penn, P., Ahn, J., Toombs, C., Bharucha, N., Bowe, W. P., & Newton, P. O. (2014). Body image in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Validation of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire–Scoliosis version. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 96(8), Article e61. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.L.00867
Ayed, A., Abu Ejheisheh, M., Batran, A., Albashtawy, M., Salameh, W. A., Obeyat, A. H., Melhem, R. H., Shawawrha, I. O., & Batran, A. (2024). Relationship between social anxiety and self-esteem among undergraduate nursing students. Inquiry, 61. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580241276146
Baird, C., & Gardner, A. (2021). A report of the number of adolescents screened as warranting further investigation for depression and social anxiety in a pre-operative cohort with idiopathic scoliosis. The Surgeon, 19(5), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2020.07.009
Bertuccelli, M., Cantele, F., & Masiero, S. (2023). Body image and body schema in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A scoping review. Adolescent Research Review, 8(1), 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00187-4
Blöte, A. W., & Westenberg, P. M. (2007). Socially anxious adolescents’ perception of treatment by classmates. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.002
Cai, J., Du, L., Yu, J., Yang, X., Chen, X., Xu, X., & Zhang, X. (2024). Body image and social anxiety in hemifacial spasm: Examining self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation as mediators. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 245, Article 108516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108516
Cash, T. F. (2000). The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire users’ manual (3rd ed.). [Unpublished manuscript].
Cash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. (2002). Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. Guilford Press.
Cheng, J. C., Castelein, R. M., Chu, W. C., Danielsson, A. J., Dobbs, M. B., Grivas, T. B., Gurnett, C. A., Luk, K. D., Moreau, A., Newton, P. O., Stokes, I. A., Weinstein, S. L., & Burwell, R. G. (2015). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1, Article 15030. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.30
Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. W. H. Freeman.
de Carvalho, G. X., Nunes, A. P. N., Moraes, C. L., & da Veiga, G. V. (2020). Body image dissatisfaction and associated factors in adolescents. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(7), 2769–2782. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020257.27452018
Djudiyah, Permanasari, B. S., & Permanasari, D. (2024). The role of body images with social anxiety in women who have experienced catcalling. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i5.15185
Gallant, J. N., Morgan, C. D., Stoklosa, J. B., Gannon, S. R., Shannon, C. N., & Bonfield, C. M. (2018). Psychosocial difficulties in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Body image, eating behaviors, and mood disorders. World Neurosurgery, 116, 421–432.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.104
Ghaleh, R. J., Mohsenipouya, H., Hosseinnataj, A., Al-Mamun, F., & Mamun, M. A. (2024). Job satisfaction and the role of self-esteem and self-efficacy: A cross-sectional study among Iranian nurses. Nursing Open, 11(6), Article e2215. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2215
Gintari, K. W., Desak Made Ari Dwi Jayanti, Laksmi, I. G. A. P. S., & Sintari, S. N. N. (2023). Kesehatan mental pada remaja. Journal Nursing Research Publication Media (NURSEPEDIA), 2(3), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.55887/nrpm.v2i3.49
Jalali-Farahani, S., Amiri, P., Zarani, F., Zayeri, F., & Azizi, F. (2022). Development and validation of the body image scale for youth (BISY). Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00657-z
Javaid, Q.-A., & Ajmal, A. (2019). The impact of body image on self-esteem in adolescents. Clinical and Counselling Psychology Review, 1(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.32350/ccpr.11.04
Khodabandelou, Y., Fat’h-Abadi, J., Motamed-Yeganeh, N., & Yadollahi, S. (2019). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) in female Iranian university students. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 7(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.7.3.187
Konieczny, M. R., Senyurt, H., & Krauspe, R. (2013). Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Journal of Children’s Orthopaedics, 7(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11832-012-0457-4
La Greca, A. M., & Lopez, N. (1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26(2), 83–94.
Lathiifah, D. A., Qodariah, L., & Abidin, F. A. (2023). Problematic smartphone use in adolescents: Parental structure and parental psychological control as predictors. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 16(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2023.16.1.50
Li, J., Chan, E. A., Li, M., Lam, Y. P., Wong, A. Y. L., Cheung, J. P. Y., & Li, Y. (2024). “Am I different?” Coping and mental health among teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 75, e135–e141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.004
Lin, H. (2024). The impact of social media on appearance and body image anxiety. In Addressing global challenges: Exploring socio-cultural dynamics and sustainable solutions in a changing world: Proceedings of International Symposium on Humanities (pp. 700–706). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032676043-96
Lizana-Calderón, P., Alvarado, J. M., Cruzat-Mandich, C., Díaz-Castrillón, F., & Quevedo, S. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire—Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) in Chilean youth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), Article 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010628
Longa, F. E. A., Shabbir, S., & Zaid, D. R. (2025). Influence of social media on self-esteem and body image. Contemporary Trends and Research Journal, 3(4). https://ctrjournal.com/index.php/19/index
Madani, D. A., & Tobing, D. L. (2024). Harga diri, penerimaan diri, dan kecemasan sosial pada remaja di Panti Asuhan “X” Cirebon. JIKM, 16(1).
Misterska, E., Tomaszewski, M., Górski, F., Gapsa, J., Słysz, A., & Głowacki, M. (2024). Assessing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy on body image in adolescent scoliosis patients using virtual reality. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(21), Article 6422. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216422
Mitsiaki, I., Thirios, A., Panagouli, E., Bacopoulou, F., Pasparakis, D., Psaltopoulou, T., Sergentanis, T. N., & Tsitsika, A. (2022). Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and mental health disorders: A narrative review of the literature. Children, 9(5), Article 597. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050597
Papageorgiou, A., Fisher, C., & Cross, D. (2022). “Why don’t I look like her?” How adolescent girls view social media and its connection to body image. BMC Women’s Health, 22(1), Article 261. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01845-4
Pehlivan, M. J., Sherman, K. A., Wuthrich, V., Horn, M., Basson, M., & Duckworth, T. (2022). Body image and depression in endometriosis: Examining self-esteem and rumination as mediators. Body Image, 43, 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.012
Prastia, T. A., Pratikto, H., & Suhadianto. (2023). Kecemasan sosial pada remaja pengguna media sosial: Menguji peranan body image. INNER: Journal of Psychological Research, 2(4), 951–958.
Rahmanda, D. N., Nugrahini, E. Y., Pramudianti, D. N., & Kasiati, K. (2025). Hubungan body image terhadap kecemasan sosial pada remaja putri di SMK Negeri 1 Ngawi. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan (The Journal of Midwifery), 13(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.33992/jik.v13i1.3329
Rahmawati, Y. M., & Roebiyanto, A. (2025). The urge to optimize thinking process: The influence of parent and peer attachment on problematic internet use (PIU) mediated by executive function. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 18(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2025.18.1.14
Rizkillah, R., Hastuti, D., & Defina, D. (2023). Pengaruh karakteristik remaja dan keluarga, serta gaya pengasuhan orang tua terhadap kualitas hidup remaja di wilayah pesisir. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 16(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2023.16.1.37
Sakinata, W. N. A., & Moesarofah. (2025). Pengaruh harga diri dan motivasi terhadap tingkat kecemasan sosial siswa. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 15(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v15i1.22194
Saranya, R., Manoj, R., & Bharathi, V. (2022). Relationship between body image and self-esteem among females. YMER Digital.
Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D., & Patton, G. C. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30022-1
Schwieger, T., Campo, S., Weinstein, S. L., Dolan, L. A., Ashida, S., & Steuber, K. R. (2016). Body image and quality of life in untreated versus brace-treated females with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine, 41(4), 311–319. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001210
Thomas, A. S., Varghese, J. S., Abraham, N. M., Mathews, N. B., & Rajan, P. (2022). Body image and social interaction anxiety among undergraduate students. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences, 6(5), 516–522. https://doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.080
Toros, T., Ogras, E. B., Toy, A. B., Kulak, A., Esen, H. T., Ozer, S. C., & Celik, T. (2023). The impact of regular exercise on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in older adults. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), Article 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090714
Yeşilyurt, S., & Kendirkiran, G. (2025). Nursing students’ self-esteem levels and attitudes toward the nursing profession. International Nursing Review, 72(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12986
Yoon, Y., Eisenstadt, M., Lereya, S. T., & Deighton, J. (2023). Gender difference in the change of adolescents’ mental health and subjective well-being trajectories. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-01961-4
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a 