KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM (Cd) DALAM RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DAN DI PERAIRAN TAMBAK MANGUNHARJO, SEMARANG
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Diterima
4 February 2023
Diterbitkan
31 January 2023
Kata Kunci:
-
Kadmium (Cd), Mangunharjo, Portunus pelagicus, batas aman konsumsi
Abstrak
Kadmium (Cd) dalam suatu perairan tergolong sebagai salah satu bahan pencemar pada air dan terkontaminasi ke dalam biota air. Logam berat Cd umumnya berasal dari limbah industri, pertanian, serta aktivitas manusia lainnya, seperti yang ditemukan di sekitar perairan tambak Mangunharjo, Semarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kandungan Cd yang terdapat dalam sedimen dan air serta rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang ditangkap di perairan tambak Mangunharjo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2020 - Januari 2021. Pengukuran konsentrasi Cd dilakukan dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Kontaminasi logam berat Cd dalam air terukur sebesar <0,001-0,395 mg/l yang telah melebihi baku mutu untuk biota laut. Konsentrasi Cd dalam sedimen dasar perairan dan rajungan diperoleh secara berurutan, yaitu <0,001 mg/kg dan 0,028-1,96 mg/kg. Faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) didapatkan berkisar antara 60 – 1655 (Desember) dan 0,5 – 1014 (Januari), nilai tersebut termasuk kategori rendah hingga sangat tinggi. Konsentrasi Cd pada sampel rajungan diketahui telah melebih baku mutu yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan BPOM No. 23 tahun 2017 yaitu maksimum 0,1 mg/kg. Perhitungan batas aman konsumsi rajungan yang telah terkontaminasi Cd dalam kasus ini yaitu 0,0065 kg daging/minggu untuk anak-anak dengan bobot 15 kg dan 0,21 kg daging/minggu untuk dewasa dengan bobot 50 kg. Parameter lingkungan perairan seperti suhu, pH, salinitas dan DO memiliki nilai yang bervariasi antar stasiun penelitian dan juga antar waktu penelitian. Rajungan dari perairan Mangunharjo sudah tercemar logam berat Cd, sehingga dibutuhkan upaya khusus agar tetap aman untuk dikonsumsi.
Referensi
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Ayas, D. 2013. Effects of gender and season on potentially toxic metal levels in muscles of adult blue swimmer crabs (Portunus pelagicus) from the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea. J. Marine Biology & Oceanography, 2(2): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8661.1000110
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Republik Indonesia Nomor 23. 2017 Tentang Batas maksimum cemaran logam berat dalam pangan olahan. Jakarta. 7 pp.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2009. SNI 7387:2009 Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat Dalam Pangan. Jakarta.
Baki, M.A., M. Hossain, J. Akter, S.B. Quraishi, F.H. Shojib, A. Ullah, & F. Khan. 2018. Concentration of heavy metals in seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 159: 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.035
Bernard, A. 2008. Cadmium and its adverse effects on human health. Indian J. Medical Research, 128(4): 557-640. PMID: 19106447.
Cahyani, N., D.T.F.L. Batu, & Sulistiono. 2016. Kandungan logam berat Pb, Hg, Cd, dan Cu pada daging ikan rejung (Silago sihama) di estuari Sungai Donan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 19(3): 267-276. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.14533
Cheng, C.H, H.L. Ma, Y.Q. Deng, J. Feng, Y.K. Jie, & Z.X. Guo. 2021. Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) induced by cadmium exposure. Chemosphere, 263: 128277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128277
Fatemi, F. & S. Khoramnejadian. 2016. Investigation of Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Portunus pelagicus along the Asalouyeh Coast, Iran. J. Earth, Environment and Health Science, 2(1) :34-38. https://doi.org/10.4103/2423-7752.181805
Hepp, L.U., J.A.M.S. Pratas, & M.A.S. Graça. 2017. Arsenic in stream waters is bioaccumulated but neither biomagnified through food webs nor biodispersed to land. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 139: 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.035
Irianto, H.E. & A. Purnomo. 2000. Keamanan Konsumsi Produk Pangan. Warta, 6(2): 2-8.
Ivanina, A.V. & I.M. Sokolova. 2015. Interactive effects of metal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of marine organisms. Current Zoology, 61(4): 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.653
Jezierska, B. & M. Witeska. 2006. The metal uptake and accumulation in fish living in polluted waters. in: Twardowska, I., Allen, H.E., Häggblom, M.M., Stefaniak, S. (eds) Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation. NATO Science Series, 69: 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4728-2_6
Kamaruzzaman, B.Y., B.A. Akbar John, B.Z. Maryam, K.C.A. Jalal, & S. Shahbuddin. 2012. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in Scylla serrata (Forsskal 1775) collected from Sungai Penor, Pahang, Malaysia. Pertanika J. Tropical Agricultural Science, 35(1): 183 – 190. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153832681.pdf#page=194
Karar, S., S. Hazra, & S. Das. 2019. Assessment of the heavy metal accumulation in the Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus pelagicus), northern Bay of Bengal: Role of salinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 143: 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.033
McPherson, R. & K. Brown. 2001. The bioaccumulation of cadmium by the Blue Swimmer Crab Portunus pelagicus L. Science of The Total Environment, 279(1–3): 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00799-9
Mirawati, F., E. Supriyantini, & R.A.T. Nuraini. 2016. Kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Trimulyo dan Mangunharjo Semarang. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 5(2): 121-126. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v5i2.15731
Okocha, R.C. & O.B. Adedeji. 2011. Overview of cadmium toxicity in fish. J. of Applied Sciences Research, 7(7): 1195-1207. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279602220
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. 2021. Lampiran VIII Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Mengenai Baku Mutu Air Laut. Jakarta.
Piazza, V., C. Gambardella, S. Canepa, E. Costa, M. Faimali, & F. Garaventa. 2016. Temperature and salinity effects on cadmium toxicity on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite nauplii. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 123: 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.023
Potipat, J., N. Tangkrockolan, & H.F. Helander. 2015. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and depuration of heavy metals of oysters (Saccostrea Cucullata) and mussels (Perna Viridis) in the river basins of coastal area of Chanthaburi Province, Gulf Thailand. Environment Asia, 8(2): 118–128. https://www.tshe.org/ea/pdf/vol8no2-14.pdf.
Prabawa, A., E. Riani. & Y. Wardianto. 2014. Pengaruh pencemaran logam berat terhadap struktur populasi dan organ tubuh rajungan (Portunus pelagicus, Linn). Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 4(1): 17-23. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.4.1.17
Prihati, S.R., D. Suprapto. & S. Rudiyanti. 2020. Kadar logam berat Pb, Fe, dan Cd yang terkandung dalam jaringan lunak kerang batik (Paphia undulata) dari Perairan Tambak Lorok, Semarang. Jurnal Pasir Laut, 4(2): 116-123. https://doi.org/10.14710/pasirlaut.2020.33692
Purba, C., A. Ridlo, & J. Suprijanto. 2014. Kandungan logam berat Cd pada air, sedimen dan daging kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di perairan Tanjung Mas Semarang Utara. Journal of Marine Research, 3(3): 285-293. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v3i3.6000
Rahman, A. 2006. Kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) pada beberapa jenis krustasea di pantai Batakan dan Takisung Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan. BIOSCENTIAE, 3(2): 93-101. https://doi.org/10.20527/b.v3i2.155
Rianda, B., R.A.T. Nuraini, & Sunaryo. 2019. Konsentrasi logam Pb di Enhalus acoroides LF. Royle 1839 (Angiosperms: Hydrocharitaceae) dan lingkungannya di perairan Kartini dan Teluk Awur, Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 8(2): 141-148. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i2.25092
Sanjivanie, H.A., N.K.T. Martuti, & S. Ngabekti. 2017. Bioakumulasi kadmium pada Ikan Bandeng di Tambak Wilayah Tapak Semarang. Life Science, 6(1): 18-23. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/UnnesJLifeSci/article/view/25337
Shi, W., X. Zhao, Y. Han, Z. Che, X. ChaI, & G. Liu. 2016. Ocean acidification increases cadmium accumulation in marine bivalves: a potential threat to seafood safety. Scientific Reports, 6: 20197. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20197
Siregar, Y.I., & J. Edward. 2010. Faktor konsentrasi Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn dalam sedimen perairan pesisir Kota Dumai. Maspari Journal, 1(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.36706/maspari.v1i1.1007
Tunde, O.S., E.C. Abigail, F.O. Kehinde, B.W. Abolore, O.A. Temidayo, & O.M. Olubunmi. 2021, Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Crab and Prawn Tissue from Ojo River, Ojo-Lagos. Advances in Analytical Chemistry, 11(1): 9-12. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.aac.20211101.02
Viswam, D. 2015. Investigation of nutritive value of crabs along kerala coast. Final Report of Minor Research Project. University Grants Commission. New Delhi. 13 p.
Viswanathan, C., R. Azhaguraj, M. Selvanayagam, & S.M. Raffi. 2013. Heavy metal levels in different tissues of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus, Portunidae) collected from Ennore Estuary. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3(1): 1-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235006145
Wang, W., C. Ji, F. Li, & H. Wu. 2022. Toxicological responses of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus exposed to cadmium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 234: 113416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113416
World Health Organization (WHO). 1992. Cadmium - environmental aspects. EHC. Geneva. 135p.
Yousif, R.A., M.I. Choudhary, S. Ahmed, & Q. Ahmed. 2021. Review: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and other aquatic organisms from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience, 13(1): 73-84. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n130111
Zhang, Z., Z. Fang, J. Li, T. Sui, L. Lin, & X. Xu. 2019. Copper, zinc, manganese, cadmium and chromium in crabs from the mangrove wetlands in Qi'ao Island, South China: Levels, bioaccumulation and dietary exposure. Watershed Ecology and the Environment, 1: 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2019.09.001
Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC). 2000. ANZECC interim sediment quality guidelines. Report for the Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist. Sydney. Australia. 314 p.
Ayas, D. 2013. Effects of gender and season on potentially toxic metal levels in muscles of adult blue swimmer crabs (Portunus pelagicus) from the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea. J. Marine Biology & Oceanography, 2(2): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8661.1000110
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Republik Indonesia Nomor 23. 2017 Tentang Batas maksimum cemaran logam berat dalam pangan olahan. Jakarta. 7 pp.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2009. SNI 7387:2009 Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat Dalam Pangan. Jakarta.
Baki, M.A., M. Hossain, J. Akter, S.B. Quraishi, F.H. Shojib, A. Ullah, & F. Khan. 2018. Concentration of heavy metals in seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 159: 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.035
Bernard, A. 2008. Cadmium and its adverse effects on human health. Indian J. Medical Research, 128(4): 557-640. PMID: 19106447.
Cahyani, N., D.T.F.L. Batu, & Sulistiono. 2016. Kandungan logam berat Pb, Hg, Cd, dan Cu pada daging ikan rejung (Silago sihama) di estuari Sungai Donan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 19(3): 267-276. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v19i3.14533
Cheng, C.H, H.L. Ma, Y.Q. Deng, J. Feng, Y.K. Jie, & Z.X. Guo. 2021. Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) induced by cadmium exposure. Chemosphere, 263: 128277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128277
Fatemi, F. & S. Khoramnejadian. 2016. Investigation of Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Portunus pelagicus along the Asalouyeh Coast, Iran. J. Earth, Environment and Health Science, 2(1) :34-38. https://doi.org/10.4103/2423-7752.181805
Hepp, L.U., J.A.M.S. Pratas, & M.A.S. Graça. 2017. Arsenic in stream waters is bioaccumulated but neither biomagnified through food webs nor biodispersed to land. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 139: 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.035
Irianto, H.E. & A. Purnomo. 2000. Keamanan Konsumsi Produk Pangan. Warta, 6(2): 2-8.
Ivanina, A.V. & I.M. Sokolova. 2015. Interactive effects of metal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of marine organisms. Current Zoology, 61(4): 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.653
Jezierska, B. & M. Witeska. 2006. The metal uptake and accumulation in fish living in polluted waters. in: Twardowska, I., Allen, H.E., Häggblom, M.M., Stefaniak, S. (eds) Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation. NATO Science Series, 69: 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4728-2_6
Kamaruzzaman, B.Y., B.A. Akbar John, B.Z. Maryam, K.C.A. Jalal, & S. Shahbuddin. 2012. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in Scylla serrata (Forsskal 1775) collected from Sungai Penor, Pahang, Malaysia. Pertanika J. Tropical Agricultural Science, 35(1): 183 – 190. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153832681.pdf#page=194
Karar, S., S. Hazra, & S. Das. 2019. Assessment of the heavy metal accumulation in the Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus pelagicus), northern Bay of Bengal: Role of salinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 143: 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.033
McPherson, R. & K. Brown. 2001. The bioaccumulation of cadmium by the Blue Swimmer Crab Portunus pelagicus L. Science of The Total Environment, 279(1–3): 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00799-9
Mirawati, F., E. Supriyantini, & R.A.T. Nuraini. 2016. Kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Trimulyo dan Mangunharjo Semarang. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 5(2): 121-126. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v5i2.15731
Okocha, R.C. & O.B. Adedeji. 2011. Overview of cadmium toxicity in fish. J. of Applied Sciences Research, 7(7): 1195-1207. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279602220
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. 2021. Lampiran VIII Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Mengenai Baku Mutu Air Laut. Jakarta.
Piazza, V., C. Gambardella, S. Canepa, E. Costa, M. Faimali, & F. Garaventa. 2016. Temperature and salinity effects on cadmium toxicity on lethal and sublethal responses of Amphibalanus amphitrite nauplii. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 123: 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.023
Potipat, J., N. Tangkrockolan, & H.F. Helander. 2015. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and depuration of heavy metals of oysters (Saccostrea Cucullata) and mussels (Perna Viridis) in the river basins of coastal area of Chanthaburi Province, Gulf Thailand. Environment Asia, 8(2): 118–128. https://www.tshe.org/ea/pdf/vol8no2-14.pdf.
Prabawa, A., E. Riani. & Y. Wardianto. 2014. Pengaruh pencemaran logam berat terhadap struktur populasi dan organ tubuh rajungan (Portunus pelagicus, Linn). Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 4(1): 17-23. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.4.1.17
Prihati, S.R., D. Suprapto. & S. Rudiyanti. 2020. Kadar logam berat Pb, Fe, dan Cd yang terkandung dalam jaringan lunak kerang batik (Paphia undulata) dari Perairan Tambak Lorok, Semarang. Jurnal Pasir Laut, 4(2): 116-123. https://doi.org/10.14710/pasirlaut.2020.33692
Purba, C., A. Ridlo, & J. Suprijanto. 2014. Kandungan logam berat Cd pada air, sedimen dan daging kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di perairan Tanjung Mas Semarang Utara. Journal of Marine Research, 3(3): 285-293. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v3i3.6000
Rahman, A. 2006. Kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) pada beberapa jenis krustasea di pantai Batakan dan Takisung Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kalimantan Selatan. BIOSCENTIAE, 3(2): 93-101. https://doi.org/10.20527/b.v3i2.155
Rianda, B., R.A.T. Nuraini, & Sunaryo. 2019. Konsentrasi logam Pb di Enhalus acoroides LF. Royle 1839 (Angiosperms: Hydrocharitaceae) dan lingkungannya di perairan Kartini dan Teluk Awur, Jepara. Journal of Marine Research, 8(2): 141-148. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i2.25092
Sanjivanie, H.A., N.K.T. Martuti, & S. Ngabekti. 2017. Bioakumulasi kadmium pada Ikan Bandeng di Tambak Wilayah Tapak Semarang. Life Science, 6(1): 18-23. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/UnnesJLifeSci/article/view/25337
Shi, W., X. Zhao, Y. Han, Z. Che, X. ChaI, & G. Liu. 2016. Ocean acidification increases cadmium accumulation in marine bivalves: a potential threat to seafood safety. Scientific Reports, 6: 20197. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20197
Siregar, Y.I., & J. Edward. 2010. Faktor konsentrasi Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn dalam sedimen perairan pesisir Kota Dumai. Maspari Journal, 1(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.36706/maspari.v1i1.1007
Tunde, O.S., E.C. Abigail, F.O. Kehinde, B.W. Abolore, O.A. Temidayo, & O.M. Olubunmi. 2021, Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Crab and Prawn Tissue from Ojo River, Ojo-Lagos. Advances in Analytical Chemistry, 11(1): 9-12. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.aac.20211101.02
Viswam, D. 2015. Investigation of nutritive value of crabs along kerala coast. Final Report of Minor Research Project. University Grants Commission. New Delhi. 13 p.
Viswanathan, C., R. Azhaguraj, M. Selvanayagam, & S.M. Raffi. 2013. Heavy metal levels in different tissues of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus, Portunidae) collected from Ennore Estuary. International Journal of Research in Fisheries and Aquaculture, 3(1): 1-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235006145
Wang, W., C. Ji, F. Li, & H. Wu. 2022. Toxicological responses of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus exposed to cadmium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 234: 113416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113416
World Health Organization (WHO). 1992. Cadmium - environmental aspects. EHC. Geneva. 135p.
Yousif, R.A., M.I. Choudhary, S. Ahmed, & Q. Ahmed. 2021. Review: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and other aquatic organisms from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience, 13(1): 73-84. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n130111
Zhang, Z., Z. Fang, J. Li, T. Sui, L. Lin, & X. Xu. 2019. Copper, zinc, manganese, cadmium and chromium in crabs from the mangrove wetlands in Qi'ao Island, South China: Levels, bioaccumulation and dietary exposure. Watershed Ecology and the Environment, 1: 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2019.09.001
Penulis
Nuraini R. A. T., SantosoA., Indrawan A. F., & PringgeniesD. (2023). KONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT KADMIUM (Cd) DALAM RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DAN DI PERAIRAN TAMBAK MANGUNHARJO, SEMARANG. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 14(3), 439-448. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v14i3.41671
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