DENSITY AND GROWTH PATTERN OF SEA CUCUMBERS Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra and Bohadchia marmorata AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SEAGRASS IN COASTAL AREA OF AMBON, SAPARUA, OSI AND MARSEGU ISLAND, MALUKU PROVINCE
Article Sidebar
Accepted
1 September 2020
Published
31 August 2020
Keywords:
-
density, deposit feeder, Holothuroidea
Abstract
Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, and Bohadschia marmorata are sea cucumber species with very diverse habitat and commonly dominant than other species. This study aims to analyze the density and growth pattern sea cucumbers of Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, and Bohadschia marmorata and their association with seagrass Ambon, Osi, and Marsegu Island. The association of sea cucumber and seagrass was analyzed using Correspondence Analysis (CA). The research was conducted in October 2019 to November 2019. Sampling was carried out at three stations representing each location by using a 1m2 quadrant. The results show that sea cucumber density ranged from 4.0 to 6.6 ind/100 m2. Overall, sea cucumber's growth pattern is a negative allometric of which the length growth is faster than the weight growth. Thalassia hemprichii is one of the seagrass species with the highest density (64407 ind/100 m2), while Halodule pinifolia has the lowest density (900 ind/100 m2). The result of the correspondence analysis showed that there is three association group between sea cucumber and seagrass. The overall result shows that seagrass density affects the density and distribution of sea cucumber.
References
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Guliano, G.A.S, B. Sulardiono, & F. Purwati. 2014. Kelimpahan teripang di perairan terbuka dan perairan tertutup Pulau Panjang Jepara, Jawa Tengah. J. of maquares. 3(1): 108-115. https://publications/150919-ID-kelimpahan-jenis-teripang-di-perairan-te.pdf
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Koch, E.W., J.V. Jennifer, A. Joseph, & M.D. Carlos. 2006. Fluid dynamics in seagrass ecology from molecules. Biology Ecology and Conservation: 193-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2983-7_8
Krebs, C.J. 1978. Ecology methodology. Harper and kow publisher. New York. 654 p.
Le Cren, E.D. 1951. The length-weight relationship and seasonal cyle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). J. Animal Ecology, 20(2): 201-219. http://doi.org/10.2307/1540
Lee, J.M., S. Byme, & Uthicke. 2008. The influence of population density on fission and growth of Holothuria atra in Natural Mesocosm. Marine Biologi Ecol., (363): 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.08.003
Mercier, A., C.B. Stephen, & F.H. Jean. 2000. Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. J. Exp. Bio. Ecol., 249(1): 89-110. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00187-8
Mulyani, L.F. Marsoedi, & Guntur. 2017. An application of geographic information system to identify the suitability af sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) in west Lombok waters. J. of Indonesia Tourism and Development Studies, 5(3): 155-160. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2017.005.03.03
Namukose, M.F., E. Msuya, S.C.A. Ferse, & M.J. Slater. 2016. Growth performance of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and the seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum: integrated mariculture and effects on sediment organis characteristics. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 3: 179-189. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00172
Newmaster, A.F., K.J. Berg, S. Ragupathy, M. Palanisamy, K. Sambandam, & S.G. Newmaster. 2011. Local knowladge and conservation of seagrass in the Tamil Nadu State of India. Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 7(37): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-37
Nienhuis, P.H., J. Coosen, & W. Kiswara. 1989. Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Sea Research, 23(2): 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(89)90014-8
Philips, R.S., & E.G. Menez. 1988. Seagrasses. Smithsonian Institute Press. Washington DC. 104 p.
Purcell, S.W., B.A. Polidoro, J.F. Hamel, Gamboa, & A. Mercier. 2014. The cost of being valuable: predictors of extinction risk in marine invertebrates exploited as luxury seafood. Biological sciences, 281(1781): 20133296. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3296
Purcell, S., U. Sven, C. Chantal, & B. Maria. 2016. Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. Oseaography and marine biology, 54: 367-386. http://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368597-8
Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull fish Res Board of Canada. Ottawa. 283 p.
Riniatsih, I. 2016. Distribusi jenis lamun dihubungkan dengan sebaran nutrient perairan di padang lamun Teluk Awur Jepara. J. Kelautan Tropis. 19(2): 101-107. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v19i2.824
Ristina, M., M. Sulardiono, & A. Solichin. 2018. Hubungan kerapatan lamun (seagrass) dengan kelimpahan teripang (Holuturia) di pantai alang-alang Taman nasional Karimunjawa. J. of maquares, 7(4): 452-457. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/maquares/article/view/22669
Short, F., T. Carruthers, W. Dennison, & M. Waycott. 2007. Global seagrass distribution and diversity: A bioregional model. J. Exp. Bio. Ecol., 350(2007): 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.012
Short, F.T., C.A. Short, & A.B. Novak. 2016. Seagrasses. In: Finlayson C., Milton G., Prentice R., Davidson N. (eds) The Wetland Book. Springer, Dordrecht. 1-19 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5_262-1
Slater, M.J., A.G. Jeffs, & M.A. Sewell. 2011. Organically selective movement and deposit-feeding in juvenile sea cucumber, Australia stichopus mollis determined in situ and in the laboratory. Marine Biology and Ecology, (409): 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.09.010
Wisesa, M.M., D. Bakti, & A. Fadhilah. 2018. Abudance of sea cucumber on thr ecosystem of seagrass Inunggeh Island, Tapanuli Tengah Regency North Sumatera Province. IOP, 122: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012107
Wu, K., N.N.C. Ching, & S. Keryea. 2016. Long Distance dispersal potential two seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Holophila ovalis. Plos One, 11(6): e0156585. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.e156585
Yusron, E. & P. Widiansari. 2004. Struktur komunitas teripang (Holothuroidea) di beberapa perairan Maluku Tenggara. Makara Sains. 8(1): 15-20. http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/science/article/view/385
Zamora, L.N. & A. Jeffs. 2011. A riview of the research on the Australasian sea cucumber Australostich mollis (Echinodermata Holothuroidea (Hutton 1872) with Emphasis on aquaculture. J. Shellfish, 32(3): 613-627. https://doi.org/10.2983/035.032.0301
Bengen, D.G. 2001. Sinopsis ekosistem dan sumberdaya alam pesisir dan laut. IPB Press. Bogor. 63 p.
Braun-Blanquet. 1965. Plant sociology; the study of plant communities. Hafner Publishing Company. The University of Michigan. 439 p.
Bordbar, S.A. Farooq, & S. Nazamid. 2011. High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional food. Marine drugs, 9(10): 1761-1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9101761
Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Tangkap. 2010. Statistik perikanan tangkap Indonesia, tahun 2008. Dirjen Perikanan Tangkap. Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta. 130 pp.
Dissanayake, D.C.T. & G. Stefansson. 2010. Abundance and distribution of commercial sea cucumber species in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. J. Aquat. Living Resour, 23: 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2010031
Dissanayake, D.C.T. & G. Stefansson. 2012. Habitat preference of sea cucumbers: Holothuria atra and Holothuria edulis in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. J. of The Marine Biological Association of The United Kigdom, 92(2): 581-590. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411000051
Effendie, M.I. 1979. Metode Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Dewi Sri. Bogor. 112 p.
English, S.C. Wilkinson, & V. Baker. 1994. Survey manual for tropical Marine resources. ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project. Australia. 368 p.
Fagetti, A.G. & F.B. Villalobos. 2016. Spatio-temporal variation in density and size structure of the endangered sea cucumber Isostichopus fuscus in Huatulco National Park, Mexico. Marine ecology, 38(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12386
Fitrian, T., K. Agus, & N.P. Rosmi. 2017. Seagrass community structure of Tayando-Tam Island Southeast Moluccas Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(2): 788-794. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180250
Guliano, G.A.S, B. Sulardiono, & F. Purwati. 2014. Kelimpahan teripang di perairan terbuka dan perairan tertutup Pulau Panjang Jepara, Jawa Tengah. J. of maquares. 3(1): 108-115. https://publications/150919-ID-kelimpahan-jenis-teripang-di-perairan-te.pdf
Gutierrez, M.B., C.A.F. Sebastian, K. Andreas, M.S. Selina, E.M. Flower, S.H. Thomas, & J.S. Matthew. 2014. Co-culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and red seaweed Kappaphycus striatum. Aquaculture Reasearch, 47(5): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12651
Hamel, J.F., C. Chantal, L.P. David, & M. Annie. 2001. The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea Echinodermata): Its biology and exploitation as Beche-de-mer. Marine Biology, 41: 129-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(01)41003-0
Hamsiah, Y.H. Endang, M. Mohammad, & S. Adi. 2016. Diversity of seagrass relation with environmental characteristics in the Labakkang coastal waters, Pangkep, South Sulawesi Indonesia. IOSR, 10(6): 33-41. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-1006033341
Hartati R., A. Trianto, & Widianingsih. 2017. Habitat characteristic of two selected locations for sea cucumber ranching purposes. IOP Conf. Series. Earth and Environmental Science. 55(1): 012041. http://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/55/1/012041
Hasan, M.H. 2005. Destruction of a Holothuria scabra population by overfishing at Abu Rhamada Island in the Red Sea. Marine environmental research, 60: 489-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.12.007
Ismet, M.S., D.G. Bengen, Radjasa, & M. Kawaroe. 2016. Komposisi aktivitas antibakteri spons laut dari ekosistem lamun yang berbeda di perairan Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 8(2): 729-745. https://doi.org/10.28930/jikt.v8i2.15838
Kaenda, H., I. Ermayanti, & O.A.A. La. 2016. Hubungan panjang berat teripang di perairan Tanjung Tiram Konawe Selatan. Manajemen Sumber Daya Perikanan, 2(2): 171-177. https://Hubungan-panjang-berat-teripang-di-perairan-tanjung-tiram-konawe selatan.html
Koch, E.W., J.V. Jennifer, A. Joseph, & M.D. Carlos. 2006. Fluid dynamics in seagrass ecology from molecules. Biology Ecology and Conservation: 193-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2983-7_8
Krebs, C.J. 1978. Ecology methodology. Harper and kow publisher. New York. 654 p.
Le Cren, E.D. 1951. The length-weight relationship and seasonal cyle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). J. Animal Ecology, 20(2): 201-219. http://doi.org/10.2307/1540
Lee, J.M., S. Byme, & Uthicke. 2008. The influence of population density on fission and growth of Holothuria atra in Natural Mesocosm. Marine Biologi Ecol., (363): 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.08.003
Mercier, A., C.B. Stephen, & F.H. Jean. 2000. Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. J. Exp. Bio. Ecol., 249(1): 89-110. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00187-8
Mulyani, L.F. Marsoedi, & Guntur. 2017. An application of geographic information system to identify the suitability af sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) in west Lombok waters. J. of Indonesia Tourism and Development Studies, 5(3): 155-160. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2017.005.03.03
Namukose, M.F., E. Msuya, S.C.A. Ferse, & M.J. Slater. 2016. Growth performance of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and the seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum: integrated mariculture and effects on sediment organis characteristics. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 3: 179-189. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00172
Newmaster, A.F., K.J. Berg, S. Ragupathy, M. Palanisamy, K. Sambandam, & S.G. Newmaster. 2011. Local knowladge and conservation of seagrass in the Tamil Nadu State of India. Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 7(37): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-37
Nienhuis, P.H., J. Coosen, & W. Kiswara. 1989. Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna in the Flores Sea, Indonesia. Sea Research, 23(2): 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(89)90014-8
Philips, R.S., & E.G. Menez. 1988. Seagrasses. Smithsonian Institute Press. Washington DC. 104 p.
Purcell, S.W., B.A. Polidoro, J.F. Hamel, Gamboa, & A. Mercier. 2014. The cost of being valuable: predictors of extinction risk in marine invertebrates exploited as luxury seafood. Biological sciences, 281(1781): 20133296. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3296
Purcell, S., U. Sven, C. Chantal, & B. Maria. 2016. Ecological roles of exploited sea cucumbers. Oseaography and marine biology, 54: 367-386. http://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368597-8
Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull fish Res Board of Canada. Ottawa. 283 p.
Riniatsih, I. 2016. Distribusi jenis lamun dihubungkan dengan sebaran nutrient perairan di padang lamun Teluk Awur Jepara. J. Kelautan Tropis. 19(2): 101-107. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v19i2.824
Ristina, M., M. Sulardiono, & A. Solichin. 2018. Hubungan kerapatan lamun (seagrass) dengan kelimpahan teripang (Holuturia) di pantai alang-alang Taman nasional Karimunjawa. J. of maquares, 7(4): 452-457. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/maquares/article/view/22669
Short, F., T. Carruthers, W. Dennison, & M. Waycott. 2007. Global seagrass distribution and diversity: A bioregional model. J. Exp. Bio. Ecol., 350(2007): 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.012
Short, F.T., C.A. Short, & A.B. Novak. 2016. Seagrasses. In: Finlayson C., Milton G., Prentice R., Davidson N. (eds) The Wetland Book. Springer, Dordrecht. 1-19 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5_262-1
Slater, M.J., A.G. Jeffs, & M.A. Sewell. 2011. Organically selective movement and deposit-feeding in juvenile sea cucumber, Australia stichopus mollis determined in situ and in the laboratory. Marine Biology and Ecology, (409): 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.09.010
Wisesa, M.M., D. Bakti, & A. Fadhilah. 2018. Abudance of sea cucumber on thr ecosystem of seagrass Inunggeh Island, Tapanuli Tengah Regency North Sumatera Province. IOP, 122: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012107
Wu, K., N.N.C. Ching, & S. Keryea. 2016. Long Distance dispersal potential two seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Holophila ovalis. Plos One, 11(6): e0156585. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.e156585
Yusron, E. & P. Widiansari. 2004. Struktur komunitas teripang (Holothuroidea) di beberapa perairan Maluku Tenggara. Makara Sains. 8(1): 15-20. http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/science/article/view/385
Zamora, L.N. & A. Jeffs. 2011. A riview of the research on the Australasian sea cucumber Australostich mollis (Echinodermata Holothuroidea (Hutton 1872) with Emphasis on aquaculture. J. Shellfish, 32(3): 613-627. https://doi.org/10.2983/035.032.0301
Authors
LuhulimaY., ZamaniN. P., & BengenD. G. (2020). DENSITY AND GROWTH PATTERN OF SEA CUCUMBERS Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra and Bohadchia marmorata AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SEAGRASS IN COASTAL AREA OF AMBON, SAPARUA, OSI AND MARSEGU ISLAND, MALUKU PROVINCE. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(2), 541-554. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i2.23454
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