PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LILIN LEBAH DAN NANOPARTIKEL SENG OKSIDA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS FILM BERBASIS KITOSAN
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Published
27 December 2019
Keywords:
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beeswax, packaging, chitosan, film, zinc oxide
Abstract
Chitosan-based films showed good gel formation capability and gas permeability (CO2 and O2). However, the high permeability of water vapor limits the application of chitosan as a single coating material. Additionally, single chitosan film was also brittle, so the addition of lipid and metal nanoparticles were chosen to solve this problem. This research aimed to determine the effect of the addition of beeswax emulsion and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan based films. The film was prepared by dissolving ZnO-NPs (0, 1 and 2% by weight of chitosan) into 100 mL of distilled water followed by the addition 1 g of chitosan and or, addition of beeswax emulsion (0 and 5% by the volume of solution). The result showed that the addition of beeswax emulsion ZnO-NPs into chitosan based film significantly decreased WVTR value from 24.03 to 10.38 g/m2 hours and the tensile strength value from 8.30 to 6.92 Mpa. The addition of beeswax emulsion and ZnO-NPs also changed the physical properties of chitosan-based film significantly; in terms appearance, color and thickness. Mean-while, the film elongation percentage changed significantly in the range of 30.36 to 50.09 % when ZnO-NPs was added into chitosan-based film solution. Overall, the addition of beeswax and ZnO-NPs showed improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan-based films so that better packaging of fresh food products can be developed.
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Rullier-Birat B, Cazalbou S, Nassar MA, Sandrine C, Tourrette A. 2015. New backing layer for trans-dermal drug delivery systems: coatings based on fatty acid and beeswax on chitosan films. J Adhes Sci Technol 29: 245-255. DOI: 10.1080/ 01694243.2014.981982.
Sadeghi K, Shahedi M. 2016. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on barrier and mechanical pro-perties of EVOH nanocomposite film incorpora-ting with plasticizer. J Food Nutr Res 4: 709-712. DOI: 10.12691/jfnr-4-11-2.
Sekhon BS. 2014. Nanotechnology in agri-food pro-duction-an overview. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 7: 31-53. DOI: 10.2147/NSA.S39406.
Shankar S, Teng X, Li G, Rhim JW. 2015. Preparati-on, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite films. Food Hydrocolloid 45: 264-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.food hyd.2014.12.001.
Velickova E, Winkelhausen E, Kuzmanova S, Moldao-Martins M, Alves VD. 2013. Characteri-zation of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. Food Sci Technol Int 21: 83-93. DOI: 10.1177/108201321 3511807.
Zhang W, Xiao H, Qian LY. 2014. Enhanced water vapour barrier and grease resistance of paper bilayer-coated with chitosan and beeswax. Carbohydr Polym 101: 401-406. DOI: 10.1016/j. carbpol.2013.09.097.
[ASTM] American Society for Testing and Materials (US). 2002. Standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. Standard Designation: D 882-02. Philadelphia.
Abbasi NA, Iqbal Z, Maqbool M, Hafiz IA. 2009. Postharvest quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit as affected by chitosan coating. Pak J Bot 41: 343-357.
Al-Naamani L, Dobretsov S, Dutta J. 2016. Chito-san-zinc oxide nanoparticle composite coating for active food packaging applications. In-nov Food Sci Emerg Technol 38: 231-237. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.10.010.
Bajpai SK, Chand N, Chaurasia V. 2010. Investigati-on of water vapor permeability and antimicrobial property of zinc oxide nanoparticles-loaded chi-tosan-based edible film. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 674-683. DOI: 10.1002/app.30550.
Bertuzzi MA, Gottifredi JC, Armada M. 2012. Mecha-nical properties of a high amylose content corn starch based film, gelatinized at low tempera-ture. Braz J Food Technol 15: 219-227. DOI: 10.1590/S1981-67232012005000015.
Elsabee MZ, Abdou ES. 2013. Chitosan based edi-ble films and coatings - a review. Mater Sci Eng C 33: 1819-1841. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.0 1.010.
Espino-Díaz M, de Jesús Ornelas-Paz J, Martínez-Téllez MA, Santillán C, Barbosa-Cánovas GV, Zamudio-Flores PB, Olivas GI. 2010. Develop-ment and characterization of edible films based on mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.). J Food Sci 75: 347-352. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.20 10.01661.x.
Espitia PJP, Soares NFF, Teofilo RF, Coimbra JSR, Vitor DM, Batista RA, Ferreira SO, Andrade NJ, Medeiros EAA. 2013. Physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of nanocomposite films with pediocin and ZnO nanoparticles. Carbo-hydr Polym 94: 199-208. DOI: 10.1016/j.carb pol.2013.01.003.
Fernandez-Saiz P, Lagaron JM, Ocio MJ. 2009. Optimization of the biocide properties of chito-san for its application in the design of active films of interest in the food area. Food Hydro-colloid 23: 913-921. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.200 8.06.001.
Fratini F, Cilia G, Turchi B, Felicioli A. 2016. Bee-swax: A minireview of its antimicrobial activity and its application in medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Med 9: 839-843. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.20 16.07.003.
Hromis NM, Lazic VL, Markov SL, Vastag ZG, Popovic SZ, Suput DZ, Dzinic NR, Velicanski AS, Popovic LM. 2015. Optimization of chitosan biofilm properties by addition of caraway essen-tial oil and beeswax. J Food Eng 158: 86-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.01.001.
Kanmani P, Rhim JW. 2014. Properties and charac-terization of bionanocomposite films prepared with various biopolymers and ZnO nanopar-ticles. Carbohydr Polym 106: 190-199. DOI: 10. 1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.007.
Karbowiak T, Debeaufort F, Voilley A. 2007. In-fluence of thermal process on structure and functional properties of emulsion-based edible films. Food Hydrocolloid 21: 879-888. DOI: 10. 1016/j.foodhyd.2006.07.017.
Li H, Li F, Wang L, Sheng J, Xin Z, Zhao L, Xiao H, Zheng Y, Hu Q. 2009. Effect of nano-packing on preservation quality of Chinese jujube (Zizi-phus jujuba Mill. var. Inermis (Bunge) Rehd). Food Chem 114: 547-552. DOI: 10.1016/j.food chem.2008.09.085.
Li XH, Xing YG, Jiang YH, Ding YL. 2010. Antibacte-rial and physical properties of poly(vinyl chlo-ride)-based film coated with ZnO nanoparticles. Food Sci Tech Int 16: 225-232. DOI: 10.1177/ 1082013209353986.
Marques SCP. 2012. Edible coatings based on chitosan-beeswax emulsions [Disertasi]. Lis-bon: Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Meindrawan B, Suyatma NE, Muchtadi TR, Iriani ES. 2016. Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite films made from carragee-nan, beeswax and ZnO nanoparticles. Mater Sci Forum 872: 157-161. DOI: 10.4028/www. scientific.net/MSF.872.157.
Ramnanan-Singh R. 2012. Formulation and thermo-physical analysis of a beeswax microemulsion and the experimental calculation of its heat transfer coefficient [Tesis]. New York: The City University of New York.
Rezaei M, Motamedzadegan A. 2015. The effect of plasticizers on mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of gelatin-based edible films containing clay nanoparticles. World J Nano Sci Eng 5: 178-193. DOI: 10.4236/wjnse.2015.540 19.
Rullier-Birat B, Cazalbou S, Nassar MA, Sandrine C, Tourrette A. 2015. New backing layer for trans-dermal drug delivery systems: coatings based on fatty acid and beeswax on chitosan films. J Adhes Sci Technol 29: 245-255. DOI: 10.1080/ 01694243.2014.981982.
Sadeghi K, Shahedi M. 2016. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on barrier and mechanical pro-perties of EVOH nanocomposite film incorpora-ting with plasticizer. J Food Nutr Res 4: 709-712. DOI: 10.12691/jfnr-4-11-2.
Sekhon BS. 2014. Nanotechnology in agri-food pro-duction-an overview. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 7: 31-53. DOI: 10.2147/NSA.S39406.
Shankar S, Teng X, Li G, Rhim JW. 2015. Preparati-on, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite films. Food Hydrocolloid 45: 264-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.food hyd.2014.12.001.
Velickova E, Winkelhausen E, Kuzmanova S, Moldao-Martins M, Alves VD. 2013. Characteri-zation of multilayered and composite edible films from chitosan and beeswax. Food Sci Technol Int 21: 83-93. DOI: 10.1177/108201321 3511807.
Zhang W, Xiao H, Qian LY. 2014. Enhanced water vapour barrier and grease resistance of paper bilayer-coated with chitosan and beeswax. Carbohydr Polym 101: 401-406. DOI: 10.1016/j. carbpol.2013.09.097.
Authors
NandiwilastioN., MuchtadiT. R., SuyatmaN. E., & YulianiS. (2019). PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LILIN LEBAH DAN NANOPARTIKEL SENG OKSIDA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS FILM BERBASIS KITOSAN. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 30(2), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2019.30.2.119
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