POTENSI HAMBAT PERMEN LUNAK SIRIH DAN PINANG TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM Streptococcus mutans
Article Sidebar
Published
28 December 2017
Keywords:
-
Areca catechu L., biofilm, chewy candy, Piper betle L., Streptococcus mutans
Abstract
Betle leaf (Piper betle L.) essential oil and catechu nut (Areca catechu L.) extracts have been known to be able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans. This research aimed to characterize the chemical compounds of betle leaf esssential oil, screen the phytochemicals in catechu nut ethanol extract, and assess the inhibitory potential of betle and catechu in chewy candy on biofilm formation by S. mutans. The experiment included preparation of extracts and chemical characterization of the raw materials, formulation of chewy candy, measurement of biofilm inhibition, and sensory evaluation of the candy. In vitro examination for inhibitory potency of betle and catechu chewy candy against biofilm formation S. mutans ATCC 31987 was performed in adhesion phase (4 hours) and active accumulation phase (18 hours). Antibacterial assay was performed in BHI broth media on microplate 96 wells. Crystal violet 0.5% was used to stain the biofilm and Optical Density (OD) was measured at λ 450 nm. The GC-MS analysis detected 32 compounds in the essential oil of betle leaf. The Betle leaf essential oil contained chavicol acetate, isoeugenol, chavibetol acetate, chavicol, and allylcatechol 3.4-diacetate, while catechu nut ethanol extract contained flavonoids and tannins. The components were possibly the inhibitory agents of S. mutans biofilm formation. Chewy candy containing 0.8% betle leaf essential oil and 2.3% catechu nut extract had effective inhibitory potential for S. mutans biofilm formation. Inhibition during adhesion phase was 74.5±0.7%, while that for accumulation phase was 60.8±1.8%. Sensory analysis suggests that the candy was slightly liked by the panelists (5±2).
References
Adams RP. 1995. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 405. Allured Publishing Corpo-ration, Carol Stream.
Asdyakasa H. 2013. Efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji pinang (eca catechu Linn) terhadap pertum-buhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Naskah Publikasi. Jawa Tengah: Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya.
Awe BF, Fagbemi NT, Ifesan BOT, Badejo AA. 2013. Antioxidant properties of cold and hot water extracts of cocoa, Hibiscus flower extract, and ginger beverage blends. Food Res Int 52: 490-495. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.021.
Beckers HJA, van der Hoevan JS. 1982. Growth rates of actinomyces viscosus and Strepto-coccus mutans during early colonization of tooth surfaces in Gnotobiotic rats. Inf Hum-manity 35: 583-587.
Boussaada O, Chriaa J, Nabli, R Ammar S, Saidana D, Mahjoub MA, Chraef L, Helal AN. 2008. Anti-microbial and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of evax pyfmea (Asteraceae) growing wild in Tunisia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24: 1289-1296. DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9600-7.
Buckle KA, Edwards RA, Fleet GH, Wooton M. 1978. A Course Manual in Food Science. 365. Watson Ferguson & Cob, Brisbane.
Chavan Y, Singhal SR. 2013. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive from arecanut (Areca catechu L) and optimization study using response surface methodology. Innov Food Sci Emerg Tech 17: 106-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset. 2012.10.001.
D`Angelis CEM, Leite MF, Sousa JPB, Alonso L, Polizello ACM, Groppo M, Aires CP, Bastos JK, Spadaro ACC. 2012. Inhibiting effect of Dors-tenia asaroides extracts on cariogenic pro-perties of Streptococcus mutans. Anaerobe 18: 31-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.020 .
Dewi YK. 2014. Formulation of Non-sucrose Cajuputs Soft Candy Added with Fruits Flavor Accepted by Children [Thesis]. Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang.
Dwivedi D, Singh V. 2016. Effects of the natural compounds embelin and piperine on the biofilm-producing property of Streptococcus mutans. J Tradit Complem Med 6: 57-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.025.
Goñi P, López P, Sánchez C, Gómez-Lus R, Becerril R, Nerín C. 2009. Antimicrobial activity in the vapour phase of a combination of cinnamon and clove essential oils. Food Chem 116: 982–989. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.0 3.058.
Hamzuri MH, TR Siregar. 1997. Budaya Menginang di Daerah Irian Jaya, Maluku, dan Sulawesi. 217-219. Direktorat Permuseuman. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, Jakarta.
Harborne JB. 1998. Phytochemical Methods, a Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis 3rd Ed. 60-203. Chapman and Hall, London.
Huang PL, Chi CW, Liu TY. 2010. Effects of Areca catechu L. Containing procyanidins on cyclo-oxygenese-2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 48: 306–313. DOI: 10.10 16/j.fct.2009.10.014.
Leite AM, Lima EO, Souza EL, Diniz MFFM, Trajano VN, Medeiros IA. 2007. Inhibitory effect of β-pinene, α-pinene and eugenol on the growth of potential infectious endocarditis causing Gram-positive bacterai. Braz J
Pharm Sci 43: 121-126. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-9332200700010001 5.
Mathew GA, Govindarajan VS. 1963. Phenolic subs-tances of arecanut, changes during maturation and ripening. Phytochem 3: 657-665. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82963-5.
Mayo JA, Ritchie JR. 2009. Acidogenic potential of “sugar-free” cough drops. Open Dentistry J 3: 26-30. DOI: 10.2174/1874210600903010026.
Meilgaard M, Civille GV, Carr BT. 2006. Sensory Evaluation Technique 4th Ed. 276-277. CRC Press, USA (AS).
Neilands J. 2007. Acid Tolerance of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. 18-21. Malmö University, Holmbergs.
Ouedrhiri W, Balouiri M, Bouhdid S, Moja S, Chahdi FO, Taleb M, Greche H.
2016. Mixture design of Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana and Thymus serpyllum essential oils: Optimi-zation of their antibacterial effect. Ind Crops Prod 89: 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04. 049.
Patel M, Gulube Z, Dutton M. 2009. The effect of Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia on Candida albicans proteinase and phospholipase pro-duction and adherence to oral epithelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol 124: 562–565. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jep.2009.05.002.
Peng W, Liu YJ, Wu N, Sun T, He XY, Gao YX, Wu CJ. 2015. Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phyto-chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. J Ethnopharmacol 164: 340–356. DOI: 10.1016/j. jep.2015.02.010.
Rahim AZH, Nalina T. 2011. Scanning electron microscopic study of Piper betle leaves extract effect against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. J Appl Oral Sci 19: 137-146. DOI: 10.1 590/S1678-77572011000200010.
Ramji N, Ramji N, Iyer R, Chandrasekaran S. 2002. Phenolic antibacterials from Piper betle in the prevention of halitosis. J Ethnopharmacol 83: 149-152. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00194-0.
Reena A, Michael A. 2009. Study on areca nut for its antimicrobial properties. J Young Pharm 1: 42-46. DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.51874.
Ren Z, Cui T, Zeng J, Chen L, Zhang W, Xu X. 2015. Molecule targeting
glucosyltransferase inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60: 126–35. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00919-15.
Santos dos BCB, Silva da JCT, Guerrero PG, Leitao GG, Barata LES. 2009. Isolation of chavibetol from essential oil of Pimenta pseudocaryphyllus leaf by high-speed counter-current chormato-graphy. J Chromatog A 1216: 4303-4306. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.111.
Sugumaran M, Suresh GM, Sankarnarayanan K, Yokesh M, Poornima M, Sree RR. 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of vellaikodi variety of Piper betle Linn leaf oil against dental pathogens. Int J Pharm Technol Res 3: 2135-2139.
Suliantari, Jenie BSL, Suhartono, Apriyantono A. 2008. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak sirih hijau (Piper betle Linn) terhadap bakteri patogen pangan. J Teknologi Industri Pangan 19: 1-7.
Suwandi T, Suniarti DF, Prayitno SW. 2013. Effect of ethanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx on Streptococcus sanguinis viability in vitro biofilm based on crystal violet. J Med Plants Res 7: 2476–82. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.1195.
Yunilawati R. 2002. Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih sebagai Antibakteri Streptococcus mutans dalam Pasta Gigi. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Zhao W, Li W, Lin J, Chen Z, Yu D. 2014. Effect of sucrose concentration on sucrose-dependent adhesion and glucosyltransferase expression of S. mutans in children with severe early-child-hood caries (S-ECC). Nutrient 6: 3572–86. DOI: 10.3390/nu6093572.
Parianti NKW, Ariyasa IG. 2015. Hubungan kebiasa-an menyirih terhadap kejadian karies gigi pada lanjut usia di Desa Batubulan Kangin. J Virgin 1: 200-208.
Asdyakasa H. 2013. Efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji pinang (eca catechu Linn) terhadap pertum-buhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Naskah Publikasi. Jawa Tengah: Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Brawijaya.
Awe BF, Fagbemi NT, Ifesan BOT, Badejo AA. 2013. Antioxidant properties of cold and hot water extracts of cocoa, Hibiscus flower extract, and ginger beverage blends. Food Res Int 52: 490-495. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.021.
Beckers HJA, van der Hoevan JS. 1982. Growth rates of actinomyces viscosus and Strepto-coccus mutans during early colonization of tooth surfaces in Gnotobiotic rats. Inf Hum-manity 35: 583-587.
Boussaada O, Chriaa J, Nabli, R Ammar S, Saidana D, Mahjoub MA, Chraef L, Helal AN. 2008. Anti-microbial and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of evax pyfmea (Asteraceae) growing wild in Tunisia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24: 1289-1296. DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9600-7.
Buckle KA, Edwards RA, Fleet GH, Wooton M. 1978. A Course Manual in Food Science. 365. Watson Ferguson & Cob, Brisbane.
Chavan Y, Singhal SR. 2013. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive from arecanut (Areca catechu L) and optimization study using response surface methodology. Innov Food Sci Emerg Tech 17: 106-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset. 2012.10.001.
D`Angelis CEM, Leite MF, Sousa JPB, Alonso L, Polizello ACM, Groppo M, Aires CP, Bastos JK, Spadaro ACC. 2012. Inhibiting effect of Dors-tenia asaroides extracts on cariogenic pro-perties of Streptococcus mutans. Anaerobe 18: 31-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.12.020 .
Dewi YK. 2014. Formulation of Non-sucrose Cajuputs Soft Candy Added with Fruits Flavor Accepted by Children [Thesis]. Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang.
Dwivedi D, Singh V. 2016. Effects of the natural compounds embelin and piperine on the biofilm-producing property of Streptococcus mutans. J Tradit Complem Med 6: 57-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.025.
Goñi P, López P, Sánchez C, Gómez-Lus R, Becerril R, Nerín C. 2009. Antimicrobial activity in the vapour phase of a combination of cinnamon and clove essential oils. Food Chem 116: 982–989. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.0 3.058.
Hamzuri MH, TR Siregar. 1997. Budaya Menginang di Daerah Irian Jaya, Maluku, dan Sulawesi. 217-219. Direktorat Permuseuman. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, Jakarta.
Harborne JB. 1998. Phytochemical Methods, a Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis 3rd Ed. 60-203. Chapman and Hall, London.
Huang PL, Chi CW, Liu TY. 2010. Effects of Areca catechu L. Containing procyanidins on cyclo-oxygenese-2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 48: 306–313. DOI: 10.10 16/j.fct.2009.10.014.
Leite AM, Lima EO, Souza EL, Diniz MFFM, Trajano VN, Medeiros IA. 2007. Inhibitory effect of β-pinene, α-pinene and eugenol on the growth of potential infectious endocarditis causing Gram-positive bacterai. Braz J
Pharm Sci 43: 121-126. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-9332200700010001 5.
Mathew GA, Govindarajan VS. 1963. Phenolic subs-tances of arecanut, changes during maturation and ripening. Phytochem 3: 657-665. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82963-5.
Mayo JA, Ritchie JR. 2009. Acidogenic potential of “sugar-free” cough drops. Open Dentistry J 3: 26-30. DOI: 10.2174/1874210600903010026.
Meilgaard M, Civille GV, Carr BT. 2006. Sensory Evaluation Technique 4th Ed. 276-277. CRC Press, USA (AS).
Neilands J. 2007. Acid Tolerance of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. 18-21. Malmö University, Holmbergs.
Ouedrhiri W, Balouiri M, Bouhdid S, Moja S, Chahdi FO, Taleb M, Greche H.
2016. Mixture design of Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana and Thymus serpyllum essential oils: Optimi-zation of their antibacterial effect. Ind Crops Prod 89: 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04. 049.
Patel M, Gulube Z, Dutton M. 2009. The effect of Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia on Candida albicans proteinase and phospholipase pro-duction and adherence to oral epithelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol 124: 562–565. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jep.2009.05.002.
Peng W, Liu YJ, Wu N, Sun T, He XY, Gao YX, Wu CJ. 2015. Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phyto-chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. J Ethnopharmacol 164: 340–356. DOI: 10.1016/j. jep.2015.02.010.
Rahim AZH, Nalina T. 2011. Scanning electron microscopic study of Piper betle leaves extract effect against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. J Appl Oral Sci 19: 137-146. DOI: 10.1 590/S1678-77572011000200010.
Ramji N, Ramji N, Iyer R, Chandrasekaran S. 2002. Phenolic antibacterials from Piper betle in the prevention of halitosis. J Ethnopharmacol 83: 149-152. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00194-0.
Reena A, Michael A. 2009. Study on areca nut for its antimicrobial properties. J Young Pharm 1: 42-46. DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.51874.
Ren Z, Cui T, Zeng J, Chen L, Zhang W, Xu X. 2015. Molecule targeting
glucosyltransferase inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60: 126–35. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00919-15.
Santos dos BCB, Silva da JCT, Guerrero PG, Leitao GG, Barata LES. 2009. Isolation of chavibetol from essential oil of Pimenta pseudocaryphyllus leaf by high-speed counter-current chormato-graphy. J Chromatog A 1216: 4303-4306. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.111.
Sugumaran M, Suresh GM, Sankarnarayanan K, Yokesh M, Poornima M, Sree RR. 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of vellaikodi variety of Piper betle Linn leaf oil against dental pathogens. Int J Pharm Technol Res 3: 2135-2139.
Suliantari, Jenie BSL, Suhartono, Apriyantono A. 2008. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak sirih hijau (Piper betle Linn) terhadap bakteri patogen pangan. J Teknologi Industri Pangan 19: 1-7.
Suwandi T, Suniarti DF, Prayitno SW. 2013. Effect of ethanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx on Streptococcus sanguinis viability in vitro biofilm based on crystal violet. J Med Plants Res 7: 2476–82. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR12.1195.
Yunilawati R. 2002. Minyak Atsiri Daun Sirih sebagai Antibakteri Streptococcus mutans dalam Pasta Gigi. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Zhao W, Li W, Lin J, Chen Z, Yu D. 2014. Effect of sucrose concentration on sucrose-dependent adhesion and glucosyltransferase expression of S. mutans in children with severe early-child-hood caries (S-ECC). Nutrient 6: 3572–86. DOI: 10.3390/nu6093572.
Parianti NKW, Ariyasa IG. 2015. Hubungan kebiasa-an menyirih terhadap kejadian karies gigi pada lanjut usia di Desa Batubulan Kangin. J Virgin 1: 200-208.
Authors
MaryatiM., WijayaC. H., AdawiyahD. R., & BachtiarB. M. (2017). POTENSI HAMBAT PERMEN LUNAK SIRIH DAN PINANG TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 28(2), 150-158. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2017.28.2.150
Copyright and license info is not available