The Correlation between Probiotic Consumption and Sleep Quality among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 19 No. 3 (2024)
Accepted
8 August 2024
Published
29 November 2024
Keywords:
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EEG, probiotics, PSQI, sleep quality
Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship between probiotic consumption and an individual's sleep quality. A systematic search for relevant articles was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases for publication between 2013 and 2023. The article selection process is presented using a PRISMA diagram. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.4 and publication bias was assessed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) V4. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 10 studies examining the effect of probiotic consumption on sleep quality measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 3 studies assessing the effect measured by Electroencephalogram (EEG). Based on the PSQI results, the findings indicate that probiotics considerably enhance sleep quality, with the pooled odds ratio of -0.32 (95% CI:-0.64–0.01; p=0.04). However, probiotic consumption shows no significant effect on sleep quality measured by EEG. Further studies
exploring the relationship between probiotic consumption and sleep quality using objective methods and larger samples are necessary to confirm the impact of probiotic supplementation on sleep quality. While these findings suggest that probiotic supplementation could be a potential strategy for improving sleep quality, additional research is required to strengthen these conclusions and investigate the underlying mechanisms.
References
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Kinoshita T, Maruyama K, Suyama K, Nishijima M, Akamatsu K, Jogamoto A, Katakami K, Saito I. 2021. Consumption of OLL1073R-1 yogurt improves psychological quality of life in women healthcare workers: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 21(1):237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-021-01793-7
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Lee HJ, Hong JK, Kim JK, Kim DH, Jang SW, Han SW, Yoon IY. 2021. Effects of probiotic NVP-1704 on mental health and sleep in healthy adults: An 8-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 13(8):2660. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082660
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Ma T, Jin H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Liong MT, Zhang H. 2021. Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota. Neurobiol Stress 14:100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YNSTR.2021.100294
Marotta A, Sarno E, Del Casale A, Pane M, Mogna L, Amoruso A, Felis GE, Fiorio, M. 2019. Effects of probiotics on cognitive reactivity, mood, and sleep quality. Front Psychiatry 10:164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00164
Matsuura N, Motoshima H, Uchida K, Yamanaka Y. 2022. Effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 daily intake on the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress in healthy Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr 76(4):574–580. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-021-00978-3
Monoi N, Matsuno A, Nagamori Y, Kimura E, Nakamura Y, Oka K, Sano T, Midorikawa T, Sugafuji T, Murakoshi M et al. 2016. Japanese sake yeast supplementation improves the quality of sleep: A double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial. J Sleep Res 25(1):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12336
Nakagawa M, Yamamoto H, Kawaji M, Miura N, Wakame K, Endo T. 2018. Effects of lactic acid bacteria-containing foods on the quality of sleep: A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized crossover study. Funct Foods Health Dis 8(12):579–596. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v8i12.572
Nakakita Y, Tsuchimoto N, Takata Y, Nakamura T. 2016. Effect of dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 (SBL88TM) on sleep: A non-randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover pilot study. Benef Microbes 7(4):501– 509. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2015.0118
Nishida K, Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Rokutan K. 2019. Health benefits of lactobacillus gasseri cp2305 tablets in young adults exposed to chronic stress: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrients 11(8):1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081859
Önning G, Montelius C, Hillman M, Larsson N. 2023. Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 improves cognition in moderately stressed subjects: A randomized controlled study. Nutrients 15(15):3466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153466
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N71
Pilz LK, Keller LK, Lenssen D, Roenneberg T. 2018. Time to rethink sleep quality: PSQI scores reflect sleep quality on workdays. Sleep 41(5):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/SLEEP/ZSY029
Putriningtyas ND, Astuti AT. 2019. Kidney bean yoghurt is effective to improve immune system and sleep quality among elderly in Yogyakarta. J Gizi Pangan 14(3):141–148. https://doi.org/10.25182/JGP.2019.14.3.141-148
Sawada D, Kawai T, Nishida K, Kuwano Y, Fujiwara S, Rokutan K. 2017. Daily intake of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 improves mental, physical, and sleep quality among Japanese medical students enrolled in a cadaver dissection course. J Funct Foods 31:188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.042
Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Hara S, Uchiyama Y, Sugawara T, Fujiwara S, Rokutan K, Nishida K. 2019. Daily intake of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 relieves fatigue and stress-related symptoms in male university Ekiden runners: A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 57(2):465–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.022
Schober P, Vetter TR. 2020. Meta-analysis in clinical research. Anesth Analg 131(4):1090. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000005001
Shafie M, Homayouni Rad A, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. 2022. The effect of probiotics on mood and sleep quality in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 50:15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLNESP.2022.06.005
Shrivastava D, Jung S, Saadat M, Sirohi R, Crewson K. 2014. How to interpret the results of a sleep study. Intern Med Perspect 4(5):24983. https://doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.24983
Takada M, Nishida K, Gondo Y, Kikuchi-Hayakawa H, Ishikawa H, Suda K, Kawai M, Hoshi R, Kuwano Y, Miyazaki K et al. 2017. Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on academic stress-induced sleep disturbance in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes 8(2):153–162. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2016.0150
Wen W. 2021. Sleep quality detection based on EEG signals using transfer support vector machine algorithm. Front Neurosci 15:670745 https://doi.org/10.3389/FNINS.2021.670745
Zhu R, Fang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang S, Wang L, Fan R, Wang L, Li S et al. 2023. Psychobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum JYLP-326 relieves anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in test anxious college via modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism. Front Immunol 14:1159137. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2023
Boehme M, Rémond-Derbez N, Lerond C, Lavalle L, Keddani S, Steinmann M, Rytz A, Dalile B, Verbeke K, Van Oudenhove L et al. 2023. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum reduces perceived psychological stress in healthy adults: An exploratory clinical trial. Nutrients 15(14):3122. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143122
Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G, Hasler G. 2018. Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain–gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Front Psychiatry 9(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2018.00044
Chu A, Samman S, Galland B, Foster M. 2023. Daily consumption of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 improves quality of sleep in adults – A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 42(8):1314–1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.019
Codoñer-Franch P, Gombert M, Martínez-Raga J, Cenit MC. 2023. Circadian disruption and mental health: The chronotherapeutic potential of microbiome-based and dietary strategies. Int J Mol Sci 24(8):7579. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS24087579
Davoodabadi A, Rohani SH, Hajian A. 2021. Effects of the oral probiotics to control pain and stress disorders of cyclical mastalgia associated with fibrocystic breast changes; a randomised controlled trial. Int J Surg Open 33:100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijso.2021.100358
Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. 1997. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315(6):29–34. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
Fabbri M, Beracci A, Martoni M, Meneo D, Tonetti L, Natale V. 2021. Measuring subjective sleep quality: A review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(3):1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18031082
[FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. 2002. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. http://www.fao.org/es/ESN/Probio/probio.html [Accessed 6th September 2023].
Fei Y, Wang R, Lu J, Peng S, Yang S, Wang Y, Zheng K, Li R, Lin L, Li M. 2023. Probiotic intervention benefits multiple neural behaviors in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatr Nurs 51:167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.03.006
Gopalakrishnan S, Ganeshkumar P. 2013. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis: Understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare. J Family Med Prim Care 2(1):9–14. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.109934
Haarhuis JE, Kardinaal A, Kortman GAM. 2022. Probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics for better sleep quality: A narrative review. Benef Microbes 13(3):169–182. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2021.0122
Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA. 2023. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 United Kingdom (UK): Cochrane.
Horvath A, Wagner-Skacel J, Stiegelbauer V, Stadlbauer V. 2023. a probiotic to improve sleep quality during COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire study. J Biomed Biotechnol 6(1):80–91. https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280073
Kinoshita T, Maruyama K, Suyama K, Nishijima M, Akamatsu K, Jogamoto A, Katakami K, Saito I. 2021. Consumption of OLL1073R-1 yogurt improves psychological quality of life in women healthcare workers: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 21(1):237. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-021-01793-7
Koutsos TM, Menexes GC, Dordas CA. 2019. An efficient framework for conducting systematic literature reviews in agricultural sciences. Sci Total Environ 682:106–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.04.354
Lee HJ, Hong JK, Kim JK, Kim DH, Jang SW, Han SW, Yoon IY. 2021. Effects of probiotic NVP-1704 on mental health and sleep in healthy adults: An 8-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 13(8):2660. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082660
Lee LH, Letchumanan V, Law JWF, Kumari Y, Thurairajasingam S, Tan LTH. 2022. Exploring the potential role of probiotics in alleviating insomnia. Gut 71(Suppl 2):A65. https://doi.org/10.1136/GUTJNL-2022-IDDF.77
Martire VL, Caruso D, Palagini L, Zoccoli G, Bastianini S. 2020. Stress & sleep: A relationship lasting a lifetime. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 117:65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2019.08.024
Ma T, Jin H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Liong MT, Zhang H. 2021. Probiotic consumption relieved human stress and anxiety symptoms possibly via modulating the neuroactive potential of the gut microbiota. Neurobiol Stress 14:100294. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YNSTR.2021.100294
Marotta A, Sarno E, Del Casale A, Pane M, Mogna L, Amoruso A, Felis GE, Fiorio, M. 2019. Effects of probiotics on cognitive reactivity, mood, and sleep quality. Front Psychiatry 10:164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00164
Matsuura N, Motoshima H, Uchida K, Yamanaka Y. 2022. Effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 daily intake on the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress in healthy Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr 76(4):574–580. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-021-00978-3
Monoi N, Matsuno A, Nagamori Y, Kimura E, Nakamura Y, Oka K, Sano T, Midorikawa T, Sugafuji T, Murakoshi M et al. 2016. Japanese sake yeast supplementation improves the quality of sleep: A double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial. J Sleep Res 25(1):116–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12336
Nakagawa M, Yamamoto H, Kawaji M, Miura N, Wakame K, Endo T. 2018. Effects of lactic acid bacteria-containing foods on the quality of sleep: A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized crossover study. Funct Foods Health Dis 8(12):579–596. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v8i12.572
Nakakita Y, Tsuchimoto N, Takata Y, Nakamura T. 2016. Effect of dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 (SBL88TM) on sleep: A non-randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover pilot study. Benef Microbes 7(4):501– 509. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2015.0118
Nishida K, Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Rokutan K. 2019. Health benefits of lactobacillus gasseri cp2305 tablets in young adults exposed to chronic stress: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrients 11(8):1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081859
Önning G, Montelius C, Hillman M, Larsson N. 2023. Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 improves cognition in moderately stressed subjects: A randomized controlled study. Nutrients 15(15):3466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153466
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE et al. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N71
Pilz LK, Keller LK, Lenssen D, Roenneberg T. 2018. Time to rethink sleep quality: PSQI scores reflect sleep quality on workdays. Sleep 41(5):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/SLEEP/ZSY029
Putriningtyas ND, Astuti AT. 2019. Kidney bean yoghurt is effective to improve immune system and sleep quality among elderly in Yogyakarta. J Gizi Pangan 14(3):141–148. https://doi.org/10.25182/JGP.2019.14.3.141-148
Sawada D, Kawai T, Nishida K, Kuwano Y, Fujiwara S, Rokutan K. 2017. Daily intake of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 improves mental, physical, and sleep quality among Japanese medical students enrolled in a cadaver dissection course. J Funct Foods 31:188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.042
Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Hara S, Uchiyama Y, Sugawara T, Fujiwara S, Rokutan K, Nishida K. 2019. Daily intake of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 relieves fatigue and stress-related symptoms in male university Ekiden runners: A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 57(2):465–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.022
Schober P, Vetter TR. 2020. Meta-analysis in clinical research. Anesth Analg 131(4):1090. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000005001
Shafie M, Homayouni Rad A, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M. 2022. The effect of probiotics on mood and sleep quality in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 50:15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLNESP.2022.06.005
Shrivastava D, Jung S, Saadat M, Sirohi R, Crewson K. 2014. How to interpret the results of a sleep study. Intern Med Perspect 4(5):24983. https://doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v4.24983
Takada M, Nishida K, Gondo Y, Kikuchi-Hayakawa H, Ishikawa H, Suda K, Kawai M, Hoshi R, Kuwano Y, Miyazaki K et al. 2017. Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on academic stress-induced sleep disturbance in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes 8(2):153–162. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2016.0150
Wen W. 2021. Sleep quality detection based on EEG signals using transfer support vector machine algorithm. Front Neurosci 15:670745 https://doi.org/10.3389/FNINS.2021.670745
Zhu R, Fang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang S, Wang L, Fan R, Wang L, Li S et al. 2023. Psychobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum JYLP-326 relieves anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in test anxious college via modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism. Front Immunol 14:1159137. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2023
Authors
PratiwiT. R., Larasatie Nur FibriD., & Dwi SaputraW. (2024). The Correlation between Probiotic Consumption and Sleep Quality among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(3), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.3.147-156
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