Factors Affecting Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
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Published
31 January 2024
Keywords:
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CED, maternal, pregnant, parity
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal and household characteristics with the Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) occurrence among pregnant women in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). CED was observed through Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) measurement of <23.5 cm. Utilizing a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) involving 387 pregnant women. Bivariate analysis (chi-square test) and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression) were conducted. Significant associations with the CED included parity (p=0.002), education level (p=0.018), access to hospital (transportation mode) (p=0.032), and access to primary healthcare facilities (travel time) (p=0.032). Multivariate analysis identified parity as the most influential variable for the CED occurrence among pregnant women (p=0.016; OR=1.868). In conclusion, mothers with a parity of less than two or more than three children had a higher risk of experiencing CED during pregnancy in ENT. To prevent CED and its consequences, it is recommended to emphasize family planning, address parity concerns, and prioritize maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy.
References
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Khatimah H, Sundari S, Candra CAIS. 2018. Factors related to access to health services for Indigenous peoples in Jayapura Regency, Province of Papua, in 2018. Indonesia J Pharm Nat Prod 9(2):150–156.
Kusumawati E, Rahardjo S. 2012. Pengaruh pelayanan kesehatan terhadap gizi buruk anak usia 6–24 Bulan. Kesmas Natl. Public Health J 6(4):158–162. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v6i4.93
Lestari A. 2021. Faktor risiko kurang energi kronis pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Gunungpati. Sport Nutr J 3(2):1–13. https://doi.org/10.15294/spnj.v3i2.47885
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[MoH RI]. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018. Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
[MoH RI]. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2017. Buku Saku Pemantauan Status Gizi Tahun 2017. Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Mahirawati VK. 2014. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Kamoning dan Tambelangan, Kabupaten Sampang, Jawa Timur. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat 17(2):193–202.
Masters SH, Burstein R, Amofah G, Abaogye P, Kumar S, Hanlon M. 2013. Travel time to maternity care and its effect on utilization in rural Ghana: A multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med 93:147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.012
Mshida HA, Kassim N, Mpolya E, Kimanya M. 2018. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices associated with nutritional status of under-five children in semi-pastoral communities Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98(5):1242–1249. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0399
Mustafa H, Nurjana MA, Widjaja J, Wdayati AN. 2021. Faktor risiko dominan mempengaruhi Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Indonesia Tahun 2018. Bul Penelit Kesehat 49(2):105–112. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v49i2.4773
Newman KL, Gustafson K, Englund JA, Magaret A, Khatry S, LeClerq SC, Tielsch, JM, Katz J, Chu HY. 2019. Effect of diarrheal illness during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes in Nepal. Open Forum Infect Dis 6(2):ofz011. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz011
Notoatmodjo S. 2012. Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta (ID): Rineka Cipta.
Novelia S, Rukmaini, Annisa E. 2021. Factors related to chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women. Nurs Health Sci J NHSJ 1(3):237–241. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i3.54
Novitasari YD, Wahyudi F, Nugraheni A. 2019. Faktor– faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rowosari Semarang. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro 8(1):562–571.
Nugraha RN, Lalandos JL, Nurina RL. 2019. Hubungan jarak kehamilan dan jumlah paritas dengan kejadian Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Kota Kupang. Cendana Medical Journal 7(2):273–280.
Nurdin MS, Hadju V, Arundhana Thahir AI, Ansariadi A. 2018. Determinants of chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women in Jeneponto Regency. Soc Determinants Health 4(1):3–11. https://doi.org/10.22037/sdh.v4i1.19785
Renjani RS, Misra M. 2017. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Krueng Barona Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. J Healthc Technol Med 3(2):254–270. https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v3i2.416
Ruaida N, Soumokil O. 2018. Hubungan status KEK ibu hamil dan BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Tawiri Kota Ambon. J Kesehat Terpadu Integr Health J 9(2):1–7. https://doi.org/10.32695/jkt.v2i9.12
Sabud P, Ghosh T, Dhar A, Dutta S, Bisai S, Choudhury SM. 2020. Impact of environmental sanitation and hygienic practices on nutritional status of lodha women and children of West Bengal, India. Int J Nutr 6(2):34–46. https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3610
Sandjaja. 2014. Risiko Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Indonesia. Gizi Indonesia 32. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v32i2.76
Sipahutar H, Aritonang EY, Siregar MA. 2013. Gambaran pengetahuan gizi ibu hamil trimester pertama dan pola makan dalam pemenuhan gizi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Parsorban Kecamatan Habinsaran Kabupaten Toba Samosir Tahun 2013. Gizi, Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Epidemiologi 1(1).
Sufyan DL, Sofianita NI, Fatmawati I, Syah MNH. 2020. Buku Ajar Pengukuran Antropometri Dalam Daur Kehidupan, 1st ed. Depok (ID): Rajawali Pers.
Suliga E. 2015. Nutritional behaviours of pregnant women in rural and urban environments. Ann Agric Environ Med 22(3):513–517. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1167725
Teguh NA, Hapsari A, Dewi PRA, Aryani P. 2019. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas I Pekutatan, Jembrana, Bali. Intisari Sains Medis 10(3). https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i3.432
Tejayanti T. 2020. Determinants of chronic energy deficiency and low body mass index of pregnant women in Indonesia. J Kesehat Reproduksi 10(2):173–180. https://doi.org/10.22435/kespro.v10i2.2403
Widia L. 2017. View of Hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. J Kesehat STIKES Darul Azhar Batulicin 3(1):283–35.
Wojtyła A, Bojar I, Boyle P, Zatoński W, Marcinkowski JT, Biliński P. 2011. Nutritional behaviours among pregnant women from rural and urban environments in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 18(1):169–174.
Davy C, Harfield S, McArthur A, Munn Z, Brown A. 2016. Access to primary health care services for Indigenous peoples: A framework synthesis. Int J Equity Health 15:163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0450-5
Desyibelew HD, Dadi AF. 2019. Burden and determinants of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One 14(9):e0221712. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221712
Ekowati D, Ani LS, Windiani IGAT. 2017. High parity and chronic energy deficiency increase risk for low birth weight in Situbondo District. Public Health Prev Med Arch 5(1):28–32. https://doi.org/10.24843/PHPMA.2017.v05.i01.p06
Fitri NL, Sari SA, Dewi NR, Ludiana L, Nurhayati S. 2022. Hubungan usia ibu dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ganjar Agung Kecamatan Metro Barat Kota Metro. Jurnal Wacana Kesehatan 7(1):26–31. https://doi.org/10.52822/jwk.v7i1.406
Fitrianingtyas I, Pertiwi FD, Rachmania W. 2018. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Warung Jambu Kota Bogor. Hearty 6(2). https://doi.org/10.32832/hearty.v6i2.1275
Harismayanti H, Retni A, Jannah M. 2019. Faktor Yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Limboto. J Zaitun Univ Muhammadiyah Gorontalo 7(2):1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/zijk.v7i2.1147
Intitute of Medicine. 1992. Nutrition Issues in Developing Countries: Part I: Diarrheal Diseases, Part II: Diet and Activity During Pregnancy and Lactation. Washington DC (USA): National Academies Press.
Junanda SD, Yuliawati R, Rachman A, Pramaningsih V, Putra R. 2022. Hubungan antara pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dengan risiko kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda Tahun 2022. J. Kesehat 15(2):199–205. https://doi.org/10.23917/jk.v15i2.19824
Kartini K. 2017. Risiko penyakit infeksi terhadap kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Mekar Kota Kendari. Health Inf J Penelit 9(1):10–14. https://doi.org/10.36990/hijp.v9i1.79
Khatimah H, Sundari S, Candra CAIS. 2018. Factors related to access to health services for Indigenous peoples in Jayapura Regency, Province of Papua, in 2018. Indonesia J Pharm Nat Prod 9(2):150–156.
Kusumawati E, Rahardjo S. 2012. Pengaruh pelayanan kesehatan terhadap gizi buruk anak usia 6–24 Bulan. Kesmas Natl. Public Health J 6(4):158–162. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v6i4.93
Lestari A. 2021. Faktor risiko kurang energi kronis pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Gunungpati. Sport Nutr J 3(2):1–13. https://doi.org/10.15294/spnj.v3i2.47885
[MoH RI] Ministry of Helath Republic of Indonesia. 2002. RPM standar pelayanan kebidanan. https://www.studocu.com/id/document/politeknik-kesehatan-kementerian-kesehatan-jambi/kehamilan/rpm-standar-pelayanan-kebidanan/42629291 [Accessed 30th November 2023]
[MoH RI]. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018. Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
[MoH RI]. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2017. Buku Saku Pemantauan Status Gizi Tahun 2017. Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Mahirawati VK. 2014. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Kamoning dan Tambelangan, Kabupaten Sampang, Jawa Timur. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat 17(2):193–202.
Masters SH, Burstein R, Amofah G, Abaogye P, Kumar S, Hanlon M. 2013. Travel time to maternity care and its effect on utilization in rural Ghana: A multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med 93:147–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.012
Mshida HA, Kassim N, Mpolya E, Kimanya M. 2018. Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices associated with nutritional status of under-five children in semi-pastoral communities Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98(5):1242–1249. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0399
Mustafa H, Nurjana MA, Widjaja J, Wdayati AN. 2021. Faktor risiko dominan mempengaruhi Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Indonesia Tahun 2018. Bul Penelit Kesehat 49(2):105–112. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v49i2.4773
Newman KL, Gustafson K, Englund JA, Magaret A, Khatry S, LeClerq SC, Tielsch, JM, Katz J, Chu HY. 2019. Effect of diarrheal illness during pregnancy on adverse birth outcomes in Nepal. Open Forum Infect Dis 6(2):ofz011. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz011
Notoatmodjo S. 2012. Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta (ID): Rineka Cipta.
Novelia S, Rukmaini, Annisa E. 2021. Factors related to chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women. Nurs Health Sci J NHSJ 1(3):237–241. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i3.54
Novitasari YD, Wahyudi F, Nugraheni A. 2019. Faktor– faktor yang berhubungan dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rowosari Semarang. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro 8(1):562–571.
Nugraha RN, Lalandos JL, Nurina RL. 2019. Hubungan jarak kehamilan dan jumlah paritas dengan kejadian Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Kota Kupang. Cendana Medical Journal 7(2):273–280.
Nurdin MS, Hadju V, Arundhana Thahir AI, Ansariadi A. 2018. Determinants of chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women in Jeneponto Regency. Soc Determinants Health 4(1):3–11. https://doi.org/10.22037/sdh.v4i1.19785
Renjani RS, Misra M. 2017. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Krueng Barona Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. J Healthc Technol Med 3(2):254–270. https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v3i2.416
Ruaida N, Soumokil O. 2018. Hubungan status KEK ibu hamil dan BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Tawiri Kota Ambon. J Kesehat Terpadu Integr Health J 9(2):1–7. https://doi.org/10.32695/jkt.v2i9.12
Sabud P, Ghosh T, Dhar A, Dutta S, Bisai S, Choudhury SM. 2020. Impact of environmental sanitation and hygienic practices on nutritional status of lodha women and children of West Bengal, India. Int J Nutr 6(2):34–46. https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-20-3610
Sandjaja. 2014. Risiko Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Indonesia. Gizi Indonesia 32. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v32i2.76
Sipahutar H, Aritonang EY, Siregar MA. 2013. Gambaran pengetahuan gizi ibu hamil trimester pertama dan pola makan dalam pemenuhan gizi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Parsorban Kecamatan Habinsaran Kabupaten Toba Samosir Tahun 2013. Gizi, Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Epidemiologi 1(1).
Sufyan DL, Sofianita NI, Fatmawati I, Syah MNH. 2020. Buku Ajar Pengukuran Antropometri Dalam Daur Kehidupan, 1st ed. Depok (ID): Rajawali Pers.
Suliga E. 2015. Nutritional behaviours of pregnant women in rural and urban environments. Ann Agric Environ Med 22(3):513–517. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1167725
Teguh NA, Hapsari A, Dewi PRA, Aryani P. 2019. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas I Pekutatan, Jembrana, Bali. Intisari Sains Medis 10(3). https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i3.432
Tejayanti T. 2020. Determinants of chronic energy deficiency and low body mass index of pregnant women in Indonesia. J Kesehat Reproduksi 10(2):173–180. https://doi.org/10.22435/kespro.v10i2.2403
Widia L. 2017. View of Hubungan antara status gizi dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. J Kesehat STIKES Darul Azhar Batulicin 3(1):283–35.
Wojtyła A, Bojar I, Boyle P, Zatoński W, Marcinkowski JT, Biliński P. 2011. Nutritional behaviours among pregnant women from rural and urban environments in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 18(1):169–174.
Authors
RachmiR., MarjanA. Q., SufyanD. L., & WahyuningsihU. (2024). Factors Affecting Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(Supp.1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.Supp.1.95-104
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