Potential Maternal Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 18 No. 3 (2023)
Accepted
18 October 2023
Published
30 November 2023
Keywords:
-
Indonesia, low birth weight, maternal, pregnancy, risk factors
Abstract
This review was conducted with the aim of summarizing the articles on the potential maternal risk factors for Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia. All observational studies conducted in Indonesia between 2010 and 2022 were thoroughly reviewed in this study. The articles were retrieved from "PubMed", "ScienceDirect", "Web of Science", and "Garuda". The retrieval was supplemented by snowball sampling technique. This review was constructed according to the PRISMA guidelines and the quality of the articles was assessed according to the STROBE guidelines. Of the 129 articles, only 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Maternal variables such as education (50%), household wealth (33.3%), nutritional status (33.3%), age (25%), pregnancy complications (25%), marital age (16.7%), gestational weight gain (16.7%), ANC visit (16.7%), weight at third trimester (16.7%), twin birth (16.7%), birth interval (16.7%), iron supplementation (8.3%), parity (8.3%), and anemia status (8.3%) were found to be the risk factors for LBW incidence. This review found that almost all potential maternal risk factors contributing to LBW are preventable. It may help policy makers to design a more effective LBW prevention intervention and early risk identification for pregnant women. Appropriate follow-up by health workers for clinical intervention will also help to improve their pregnancy outcomes.
References
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Aji AS, Lipoeto NI, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Kusmayanti NA, Susanto I, Majidah NM, Nurunniyah S, Alfiana RD, Wahyuningsih W et al. 2022. Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes: A cohort study in Indonesian pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22(1):492. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04815-8
Anggondowati T, El-Mohandes AA, Qomariyah SN, Kiely M, Ryon JJ, Gipson RF, Zinner B, Achadi A, Wright LL. 2017. Maternal characteristics and obstetrical complications impact neonatal outcomes in Indonesia: A prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17(1):100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1280-1
Anggraini D, Abdollahian M, Marion K. 2018. Fetal weight prediction models at a given gestational age in the absence of ultrasound facilities: Application in Indonesia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth; 18(1): 36
Anggraini D, Abdollahian M, Marion K, Nuryani S, Ramadhan F, Rahayu RP, Rachman IR, Wurianto W. 2019. The impacts of scientific and technical training on improving databases' adequacy for fetal growth chart development in the limited-resource settings: A case study in the province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Pregnancy 2019:8540637. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8540637
Anggrahini SM, Notobroto HB, Irwanto I, Suryawan A. 2020. Structural model of maternal behavior in community setting to prevent low birth weight in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana 56(1):60‒66. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i1.18453
Azinar M, Fibriana AI, Nisa AA, Rhfiludin MZ, Indrianto GS, Sholahuddin I, Tamalla PN, Permatasari C. 2022. Early marriage in women and the risk of low birth weight. Unnes J Public Health. 11(1):75‒81. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v11i1.51231
[Balitbangkes] Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2019. Laporan Provinsi Maluku Utara RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta (ID): Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
[BKKBN/BPS/Kemenkes/ICF]National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Ministry of Health (Kemenkes), ICF. 2018. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Jakarta (ID): BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, and ICF.
Barker DJ. 1995. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ 311(6998):171‒174. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171
Barreto CT, Tavares FG, Theme-Filha M, Cardoso AM. 2019. Factors associated with low birth weight in indigenous populations: A systematic review of the world literature. Rev Bras de Saude Mater Infant 19(1):7‒23. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000100002
Bhaskar RK, Deo KK, Neupane U, Chaudhary Bhaskar S, Yadav BK, Pokharel HP, Pokharel PK. 2015. A case control study on risk factors associated with low birth weight babies in Eastern Nepal. Int J Pediatr 2015:807373. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/807373
Djokosujono K, Putra WKY, Utari DM, Fajarini IA. 2021. Prediction of low birth weight based on maternal third trimester weight among mothers at a maternal clinic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Media Gizi Indonesia 16(2):106‒110. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v16i2.106-110
Fakhrina A, Nurani N, Triasih R. 2020. Berat badan lahir rendah sebagai faktor risiko stuunted pada anak usia sekolah. Sari Pediatr 22(1):18‒23. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp22.1.2020.18-23
Hocher B. 2014. More than genes: The advanced fetal programming hypothesis. J Reprod Immunol 104‒105:8‒11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2014.03.001
[IDHS] Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. 2017. Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. Jakarta (ID): National Population and Family Planning Board
Kamini S, Avvaru KV. 2014. Teenage pregnancy: Maternal and fetal outcomes. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 13(4):41‒44. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13464144
Lutfitasari A, Mulyanti L. 2023. Maternal Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight. Proceedings of the 1st Lawang Sewu International Symposium 2022 on Health Sciences (LSISHS 2022) (page 21‒28), 28th November. Semarang (ID): Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Malta M, Cardoso LO, Bastos FI, Magnanini MMF, Silva CMFPD. 2010. Iniciativa STROBE: Subsídios para a comunicação de estudos observacionais. Rev Saude Publica 44(3):559‒565. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000300021
Maulinda F, Handayani D, Wongkaren TS. 2021. The effect of age at first marriage in the incidence of labor complications and babies with low birth weight in Indonesia. Child Health Nurs Res 27(2):127‒136. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2021.27.2.127
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Plos Med 6(7):e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Nuryani, Rahmawati. 2017. Incidence of low birth weight in Tinelo Village, Gorontalo Regency and its influencing factor. J Gizi Pangan 12(1):49‒54. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.1.49-54
Okriyanto, Rahardja MB, Desi NFN, Amrullah H, Pujihasvuty R, Margareth MPN. 2022. Determinants of low birth weight in Indonesia. KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 17(4):583‒593. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i4.33365
[PMK] Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2019. Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Indonesian Health Ministry.
Paramitasari N, Salimo H, Murti B. 2018. The effect of biological, social, economic, and nutritional factors on low birth weight: A new path analysis evidence from Madiun Hospital, East Java, Indonesia. J Maternal Child Health 3(3):166‒175. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.03.01
Pristya TY, Novitasari A, Hutami MS. 2020. Pencegahan dan pengendalian BBLR di Indonesia: A systematic review. Indones J Heal Res Dev 2(3):175‒182. https://doi.org/10.52021/ijhd.v2i3.39
Putri HC, Fatimah PS, Rahfiludin MZ. 2017. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Kabupaten Kudus. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 5(1):322‒331
Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschimudt S, Ayala AP, Moher D, Page MJ, Koffel JB, PRISMA-S Group. 2021. PRISMA-S: An extension to the PRISMA Statement for reporting literature searches in Sytematic Reviews. Syst Rev 10(39):1‒9 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z
Schetter CD, Tanner L. 2012. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: Implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry 25(2):141‒148. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503680
Sebayang SK, Dibley MJ, Kelly PJ, Shankar AV, Shankar AH, SUMMIT Study Group. 2012. Determinants of low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in Lombok, Indonesia: Analyses of the birthweight cohort of the SUMMIT trial. Trop Med Int Health 17(8):938‒950. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03039.x
Shi G, Zhang Z, Ma L, Zhang B, Dang S, Yan H. 2021. Association between maternal iron supplementation and newborn birth weight: A quantile regression analysis. Ital J Pediatr 47(1):133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01084-7
Soltani H, Lipoeto NI, Fair FJ, Kilner K, Yusrawati Y. 2017. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and birth outcomes: A cohort study in West Sumatra, Indonesia. BMC Womens Health 17(1):102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0455-2
Supadmi S, Kusrini I, Fuadac N, Laksonod AD. 2020. The low birth weight in Indonesia: Does antenatal care matter? Int J Innov Creativity Chang 14(9):490‒500.
Tsai VL, Chen LC, Seow KM, Chong KM. 2015. The recommendations of the American Institute of Medicine (IOM) for normal and underweight women to reduce the risk of low birth weight. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 54(1):1‒7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2014.11.007
Watkins EJ, Stem K. 2020. Postpartum hemorrhage. JAAPA 33(4):29‒33. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000657164.11635.93
Wells G, Shella B, O'Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. 2017. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non randomized studies in meta-analyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp [Accessed 24th July 2023]
Wulandari F, Mahmudiono T, Rifqi MA, Helmyati S, Dewi M, Yuniar CT. 2022. Maternal characteristics and socioeconomic factors as determinants of low birth weight in Indonesia: Analysis of 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(21):13892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113892
Aji AS, Lipoeto NI, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Kusmayanti NA, Susanto I, Majidah NM, Nurunniyah S, Alfiana RD, Wahyuningsih W et al. 2022. Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes: A cohort study in Indonesian pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22(1):492. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04815-8
Anggondowati T, El-Mohandes AA, Qomariyah SN, Kiely M, Ryon JJ, Gipson RF, Zinner B, Achadi A, Wright LL. 2017. Maternal characteristics and obstetrical complications impact neonatal outcomes in Indonesia: A prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17(1):100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1280-1
Anggraini D, Abdollahian M, Marion K. 2018. Fetal weight prediction models at a given gestational age in the absence of ultrasound facilities: Application in Indonesia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth; 18(1): 36
Anggraini D, Abdollahian M, Marion K, Nuryani S, Ramadhan F, Rahayu RP, Rachman IR, Wurianto W. 2019. The impacts of scientific and technical training on improving databases' adequacy for fetal growth chart development in the limited-resource settings: A case study in the province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Pregnancy 2019:8540637. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8540637
Anggrahini SM, Notobroto HB, Irwanto I, Suryawan A. 2020. Structural model of maternal behavior in community setting to prevent low birth weight in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana 56(1):60‒66. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i1.18453
Azinar M, Fibriana AI, Nisa AA, Rhfiludin MZ, Indrianto GS, Sholahuddin I, Tamalla PN, Permatasari C. 2022. Early marriage in women and the risk of low birth weight. Unnes J Public Health. 11(1):75‒81. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v11i1.51231
[Balitbangkes] Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2019. Laporan Provinsi Maluku Utara RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta (ID): Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
[BKKBN/BPS/Kemenkes/ICF]National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Ministry of Health (Kemenkes), ICF. 2018. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Jakarta (ID): BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, and ICF.
Barker DJ. 1995. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ 311(6998):171‒174. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6998.171
Barreto CT, Tavares FG, Theme-Filha M, Cardoso AM. 2019. Factors associated with low birth weight in indigenous populations: A systematic review of the world literature. Rev Bras de Saude Mater Infant 19(1):7‒23. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042019000100002
Bhaskar RK, Deo KK, Neupane U, Chaudhary Bhaskar S, Yadav BK, Pokharel HP, Pokharel PK. 2015. A case control study on risk factors associated with low birth weight babies in Eastern Nepal. Int J Pediatr 2015:807373. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/807373
Djokosujono K, Putra WKY, Utari DM, Fajarini IA. 2021. Prediction of low birth weight based on maternal third trimester weight among mothers at a maternal clinic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Media Gizi Indonesia 16(2):106‒110. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v16i2.106-110
Fakhrina A, Nurani N, Triasih R. 2020. Berat badan lahir rendah sebagai faktor risiko stuunted pada anak usia sekolah. Sari Pediatr 22(1):18‒23. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp22.1.2020.18-23
Hocher B. 2014. More than genes: The advanced fetal programming hypothesis. J Reprod Immunol 104‒105:8‒11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2014.03.001
[IDHS] Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. 2017. Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. Jakarta (ID): National Population and Family Planning Board
Kamini S, Avvaru KV. 2014. Teenage pregnancy: Maternal and fetal outcomes. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 13(4):41‒44. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13464144
Lutfitasari A, Mulyanti L. 2023. Maternal Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight. Proceedings of the 1st Lawang Sewu International Symposium 2022 on Health Sciences (LSISHS 2022) (page 21‒28), 28th November. Semarang (ID): Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Malta M, Cardoso LO, Bastos FI, Magnanini MMF, Silva CMFPD. 2010. Iniciativa STROBE: Subsídios para a comunicação de estudos observacionais. Rev Saude Publica 44(3):559‒565. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000300021
Maulinda F, Handayani D, Wongkaren TS. 2021. The effect of age at first marriage in the incidence of labor complications and babies with low birth weight in Indonesia. Child Health Nurs Res 27(2):127‒136. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2021.27.2.127
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. 2009. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Plos Med 6(7):e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Nuryani, Rahmawati. 2017. Incidence of low birth weight in Tinelo Village, Gorontalo Regency and its influencing factor. J Gizi Pangan 12(1):49‒54. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.1.49-54
Okriyanto, Rahardja MB, Desi NFN, Amrullah H, Pujihasvuty R, Margareth MPN. 2022. Determinants of low birth weight in Indonesia. KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 17(4):583‒593. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v17i4.33365
[PMK] Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2019. Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Indonesian Health Ministry.
Paramitasari N, Salimo H, Murti B. 2018. The effect of biological, social, economic, and nutritional factors on low birth weight: A new path analysis evidence from Madiun Hospital, East Java, Indonesia. J Maternal Child Health 3(3):166‒175. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.03.01
Pristya TY, Novitasari A, Hutami MS. 2020. Pencegahan dan pengendalian BBLR di Indonesia: A systematic review. Indones J Heal Res Dev 2(3):175‒182. https://doi.org/10.52021/ijhd.v2i3.39
Putri HC, Fatimah PS, Rahfiludin MZ. 2017. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Kabupaten Kudus. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 5(1):322‒331
Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschimudt S, Ayala AP, Moher D, Page MJ, Koffel JB, PRISMA-S Group. 2021. PRISMA-S: An extension to the PRISMA Statement for reporting literature searches in Sytematic Reviews. Syst Rev 10(39):1‒9 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z
Schetter CD, Tanner L. 2012. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: Implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry 25(2):141‒148. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503680
Sebayang SK, Dibley MJ, Kelly PJ, Shankar AV, Shankar AH, SUMMIT Study Group. 2012. Determinants of low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in Lombok, Indonesia: Analyses of the birthweight cohort of the SUMMIT trial. Trop Med Int Health 17(8):938‒950. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03039.x
Shi G, Zhang Z, Ma L, Zhang B, Dang S, Yan H. 2021. Association between maternal iron supplementation and newborn birth weight: A quantile regression analysis. Ital J Pediatr 47(1):133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01084-7
Soltani H, Lipoeto NI, Fair FJ, Kilner K, Yusrawati Y. 2017. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and birth outcomes: A cohort study in West Sumatra, Indonesia. BMC Womens Health 17(1):102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-017-0455-2
Supadmi S, Kusrini I, Fuadac N, Laksonod AD. 2020. The low birth weight in Indonesia: Does antenatal care matter? Int J Innov Creativity Chang 14(9):490‒500.
Tsai VL, Chen LC, Seow KM, Chong KM. 2015. The recommendations of the American Institute of Medicine (IOM) for normal and underweight women to reduce the risk of low birth weight. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 54(1):1‒7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2014.11.007
Watkins EJ, Stem K. 2020. Postpartum hemorrhage. JAAPA 33(4):29‒33. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000657164.11635.93
Wells G, Shella B, O'Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. 2017. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non randomized studies in meta-analyses. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp [Accessed 24th July 2023]
Wulandari F, Mahmudiono T, Rifqi MA, Helmyati S, Dewi M, Yuniar CT. 2022. Maternal characteristics and socioeconomic factors as determinants of low birth weight in Indonesia: Analysis of 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(21):13892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113892
Authors
NurwatiY., HardinsyahH., MarliyatiS. A., SantosoB. I., & AnggrainiD. (2023). Potential Maternal Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 18(3), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2023.18.3.167-176
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