Determinants of Poor Diet Quality among Elderly with Low Socioeconomic Status
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 18 No. 3 (2023)
Accepted
19 September 2023
Published
30 November 2023
Keywords:
-
diet quality, elderly, low socioeconomic status, sarcopenia
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that contribute to the elderly with low socioeconomic status eating poor-quality diets. Two hundreds and ninety three (293) senior citizens, including 136 men and 157 women, were sought out from five districts in Kelantan. Data on socio-demography, medical history, empty nest, depressive symptoms and diet history were obtained through an interview-administered method. Anthropometry measurement including height, weight and circumferences (waist, hip, calf and mid-upper arm) were measured. Body composition were measured using body composition monitor to obtain muscle mass and fat mass. Blood pressure were measured using blood pressure monitor. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) algorithm was used to determine the diagnosis of sarcopenia. 48.8% of the participants were underweight. The majority of participants fell short of the suggested daily calorie consumption. 42% of the participants had poor diet quality according to Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. Hypercholesterolemia and poor Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score were found to be risk factors of poor diet quality. Therefore, nutrition interventions are important to help low-income families especially with older adults to improve their nutritional status for reducing risk of sarcopenia and chronic diseases.
References
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Mina MNU. 2017. Depression among elderly people: A literature review [Undergradute Thesis]. Helsinki: Yrkeshögskolan Arcada.
Ministry of Health Malaysia Academy of Medicine Malaysia. 2017. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Dyslipidaemia (5th Ed.). Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Na W, Kim J, Sohn C. 2020. Relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia in elderly Koreans: 2008–2011 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Nutr Res Pract 14(4):352–364. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2020.14.4.352
Nazri NS, Vanoh D, Soo KL. 2020. Malnutrition, low diet quality and its risk factors among older adults with low socio-economic status: A Scoping Review. Nutr Res Rev 34(1):107–116. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422420000189
Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, Shahar S, Abd Aziz NA, Yahya HM, Rajikan R. 2016. Which aging group prone to have inadequate nutrient intake ?: Tua Study Sain 45(9):1381–1391.
Noce A, Marrone G, Ottaviani E, Guerriero C, Di Daniele F, Zaitseva Ap, Di Daniele N. 2021. Uremic sarcopenia and its possible nutritional approach. Nutrients 13(1):1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010147
Okayama A, Nakayama N, Kashiwa K, Horinouchi Y, Fukusaki H, Nakamura H, Katayama S. 2022. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with quality of life, postural stability, and past incidence of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis a cross-sectional study. Healthcare (Switzerland) 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020192
Public Health England. 2016. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Results from Years 5–6 Combined of the Rolling Programme (2012/2013–2013/2014). Public Health England.
Putri AP, Briawan D, Ekayanti I. 2018. Application of alternate healthy eating index to assess diet quality in male workers. J Gizi Pangan 13(1):39–46. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2018.13.1.39-46
Rivan NFM, Shahar S, Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, You YX, Che Din N, Rajikan R. 2022. Frontiers in Nutrition 9(901750).
Rao M, Afshin A, Singh G, Mozaffarian D. 2013. Do healthier foods and diet patterns cost more than less healthy options? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004277
Robinson SM, Westbury LD, Sayer A, Cooper C, Frcp DM, Cooper R. 2018. Adult lifetime diet quality and physical performance in older age: Findings from a British birth cohort. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 73(11):1532–1537. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx179
Rusu A, Randriambelonoro M, Perrin C, Valk C, Álvarez B, Schwarze AK. 2020. Aspects influencing food intake and approaches towards personalising nutrition in the elderly. J Popul Ageing 13(2):239–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-019-09259-1
Shahar S, Pooy NS. 2003. Predictive equations for estimation of stature in Malaysian elderly people. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 12(1):80–84.
Su D, Chen Z, Chang J, Gong G, Guo D, Tan M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Chen X, Chen Y. 2020. Effect of social participation on the physical functioning and depression of empty-nest elderly in China: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(24):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249438
Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP, Rahman HS. 2018. Antioxidant and oxidative stress: A mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 9(1162). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01162
Van Der Meij BS, Wijnhoven HAH, Lee JS, Houston DK, Hue T, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Visser M. 2017. Poor appetite and dietary intake in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 65(10):2190–2197. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15017
Woo J, Ong S, Chan R, Li L, Sun J, Chan YM, Wee SL, Thu NN, Thang P, Setiati S, Huang YC. 2019. Nutrition, sarcopenia and frailty: An Asian perspective. Transl Med Aging 3:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tma.2019.11.001
Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Nakajima T. 2017. Short physical performance battery for middle-aged and older adult cardiovascular disease patients: Implication for strength tests and lower extremity morphological evaluation. J Phys Ther Sci 29(4):748–753. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.748
Yuenyongchaiwat K, Boonsinsukh R. 2020. Sarcopenia and its relationships with depression, cognition, and physical activity in Thai community-dwelling older adults. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8041489
Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung Tw, Chou My, Iijima K, Jang Hc, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S et al. 2020. Asian working group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21(3):300–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012
Darmon N, Drewnowski A. 2015. Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: A systematic review and analysis. Nutr Rev 7(10):643–660. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv027
Deutz NEP, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, Teta D, Tipton K, Calder PC. 2014. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: Recommendations from the espen expert group. Clin Nutr 33(6):929–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007
Dorosty A, Arero G, Chamar M, Tavakoli S. 2016. Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association with Socioeconomic Status among the Elderly in Tehran. Ethiop J. Health Sci 26(4):389–396. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v26i4.11
Fitri NN, Ghazali S. 2016. Loneliness and its impacts to the health of elderly in rural Pahang. International Journal of Environment, Society and Space 4(1):29–37.
Fung FY, Koh YLE, Malhotra R, Ostbye T, Lee PY, Shariff Ghazali S, Tan NC. 2019. Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among multi-ethnic ambulatory older Asians with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a primary care setting. BMC Geriatr 19(1):122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1137-8
Gao M, Li Y, Zhang S, Gu L, Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang W, Tian D. 2017. Does an empty nest affect elders' health? empirical evidence from China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050463
Geirsdottir OG, Arnarson A, Ramel A, Jonsson PV, Thorsdottir I. 2013. Dietary protein intake is associated with lean body mass in community-dwelling older adults. Nutr Res 33(8):608–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.014
Gopinath B, Russell J, Flood VM, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P. 2014. Adherence to dietary guidelines positively affects quality of life and functional status of older adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 114(2):220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.001
Harasty C, Ostermeier M. 2020. Population Ageing: Alternative Measures of Dependency and Implications for the Future of Work. ILO Working Paper 5. Geneva (CH): International Labour Organization.
Hu FJ, Liu H, Liu Xl, Jia SL, Hou LS, Xia X, Dong BR. 2021. Mid-upper arm circumference as an alternative screening instrument to appendicular skeletal muscle mass index. Clin Interv Aging 1095. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S311081
Ismail Z, Wan Ahmad WI, Hamjah SH, Astina IK. 2021. The impact of population ageing: A Review. Iran J Public Health 50(12):2451–2460. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7927
Jacob AA, Shagbaor WF, Agbanugo IA, Chimela NS. 2019. Assessment of socio-economic factors affecting the utilization of manual screw press for gari production in Kwara state, Nigeria. Int J Agric Sci Food Technol 5(1):013–018. https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-815X.000036
Jeng C, Zhao LJ, Wu K, Zhou Y, Chen T, Deng HW. 2018. Race and Socioeconomic Effect on Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS). JCSM Clin Rep 3(2). https://doi.org/10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i2.27
Karupaiah T, Swee WCS, Liew SY, Ng BK, Chinna K. 2013. Dietary health behaviors of women living in high rise dwellings: A case study of an urban community in Malaysia. J Community Health 38(1):163–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-012-9597-1
Kehoe L, Walton J, Mcnulty BA, Nugent AP, Flynn A. 2021. Energy, macronutrients, dietary fibre and salt intakes in older adults in Ireland: Key sources and compliance with recommendations. Nutrients 13(876). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030876
Leslie W, Hankey C. 2015. Aging, nutritional status and health. Healthcare 3(3): 648–658. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030648
Mina MNU. 2017. Depression among elderly people: A literature review [Undergradute Thesis]. Helsinki: Yrkeshögskolan Arcada.
Ministry of Health Malaysia Academy of Medicine Malaysia. 2017. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Dyslipidaemia (5th Ed.). Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Na W, Kim J, Sohn C. 2020. Relationship between diet quality and sarcopenia in elderly Koreans: 2008–2011 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Nutr Res Pract 14(4):352–364. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2020.14.4.352
Nazri NS, Vanoh D, Soo KL. 2020. Malnutrition, low diet quality and its risk factors among older adults with low socio-economic status: A Scoping Review. Nutr Res Rev 34(1):107–116. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422420000189
Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, Shahar S, Abd Aziz NA, Yahya HM, Rajikan R. 2016. Which aging group prone to have inadequate nutrient intake ?: Tua Study Sain 45(9):1381–1391.
Noce A, Marrone G, Ottaviani E, Guerriero C, Di Daniele F, Zaitseva Ap, Di Daniele N. 2021. Uremic sarcopenia and its possible nutritional approach. Nutrients 13(1):1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010147
Okayama A, Nakayama N, Kashiwa K, Horinouchi Y, Fukusaki H, Nakamura H, Katayama S. 2022. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with quality of life, postural stability, and past incidence of falls in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis a cross-sectional study. Healthcare (Switzerland) 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020192
Public Health England. 2016. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Results from Years 5–6 Combined of the Rolling Programme (2012/2013–2013/2014). Public Health England.
Putri AP, Briawan D, Ekayanti I. 2018. Application of alternate healthy eating index to assess diet quality in male workers. J Gizi Pangan 13(1):39–46. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2018.13.1.39-46
Rivan NFM, Shahar S, Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, You YX, Che Din N, Rajikan R. 2022. Frontiers in Nutrition 9(901750).
Rao M, Afshin A, Singh G, Mozaffarian D. 2013. Do healthier foods and diet patterns cost more than less healthy options? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004277
Robinson SM, Westbury LD, Sayer A, Cooper C, Frcp DM, Cooper R. 2018. Adult lifetime diet quality and physical performance in older age: Findings from a British birth cohort. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 73(11):1532–1537. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx179
Rusu A, Randriambelonoro M, Perrin C, Valk C, Álvarez B, Schwarze AK. 2020. Aspects influencing food intake and approaches towards personalising nutrition in the elderly. J Popul Ageing 13(2):239–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-019-09259-1
Shahar S, Pooy NS. 2003. Predictive equations for estimation of stature in Malaysian elderly people. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 12(1):80–84.
Su D, Chen Z, Chang J, Gong G, Guo D, Tan M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Chen X, Chen Y. 2020. Effect of social participation on the physical functioning and depression of empty-nest elderly in China: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(24):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249438
Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP, Rahman HS. 2018. Antioxidant and oxidative stress: A mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 9(1162). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01162
Van Der Meij BS, Wijnhoven HAH, Lee JS, Houston DK, Hue T, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Visser M. 2017. Poor appetite and dietary intake in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 65(10):2190–2197. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15017
Woo J, Ong S, Chan R, Li L, Sun J, Chan YM, Wee SL, Thu NN, Thang P, Setiati S, Huang YC. 2019. Nutrition, sarcopenia and frailty: An Asian perspective. Transl Med Aging 3:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tma.2019.11.001
Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Nakajima T. 2017. Short physical performance battery for middle-aged and older adult cardiovascular disease patients: Implication for strength tests and lower extremity morphological evaluation. J Phys Ther Sci 29(4):748–753. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.748
Yuenyongchaiwat K, Boonsinsukh R. 2020. Sarcopenia and its relationships with depression, cognition, and physical activity in Thai community-dwelling older adults. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8041489
Authors
NazriN. S., VanohD., & LengS. K. (2023). Determinants of Poor Diet Quality among Elderly with Low Socioeconomic Status . Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 18(3), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2023.18.3.147-156
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