Health Literacy: How is it Related to Body Mass Index of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus?
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 17 No. 3 (2022)
Accepted
9 November 2022
Published
30 November 2022
Keywords:
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body mass index, diabetes, health, health literacy
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the level of health literacy and determines the association between health literacy and BMI among T2DM patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 patients with T2DM. Health literacy was measured using the Malay version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire 16 (HLS–EU–Q16).Information about sociodemographic, weight, height, and body mass index were obtained. The majority of the participants had sufficient health literacy (60.4%), whereas the mean BMI of patients was 28.59 kg/m2. A significant association was found between BMI with health literacy levels. The median BMI value of the sufficient health literacy group was significantly higher, 28.38( 6.02) than the problematic health literacy group, 25.38 (7.52) using Kruskal Wallis test. This indicates that health literacy may be a predictor of BMI. Or maybe, the other way around is true, increased BMI may result in increased awareness on health. Still, other stronger determinants besides health literacy such as income and dietary intake which were not included in this study might influence the BMI of T2DM patients.
References
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Mekhail KT, Burstrom B, Marttila A, Wangdahl J, Lindberg L. 2022. Psychometric qualities of the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument for parental health literacy in Swedish multicultural settings. BMC Public Health 22(1):1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12346-8
Michou M, Panagiotakos DB, Costarelli V. 2018. Low health literacy and excess body weight: A systematic review. Cent Eur J Public Health 26(3):234‒241. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a5172
Mohebi S, Parham M, Sharifirad G, Gharlipour Z, Mohammadbeigi A, Rajati F. 2018. Relationship between perceived social support and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetics: A cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot 7(1):48. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_73_17
Posner BM, Jette AM, Smith KW, Miller DR. 1993. Nutrition and health risks in the elderly: The nutrition screening initiative. Am J Public Health 83(7):972‒978. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.7.972
Schlienger JL. 2013. Type 2 diabetes complications. Presse Medicale 42(5):839‒848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.313
Sørensen K, Van Den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, Brand H. 2012. Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health 12(1):12‒80. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
Squiers L, Peinado S, Berkman N, Boudewyns V, McCormack L. 2012. The health literacy skills framework. J Health Commun 17(Suppl. 3):30‒54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.713442
Ueno H, Ishikawa H, Suzuki R, Izumida Y, Ohashi Y, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Kiuchi T. 2019. The association between health literacy levels and patient-reported outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. SAGE Open Med 7:205031211986564. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119865647
Wallace A. 2010. Low health literacy: Overview, assessment, and steps toward providing high-quality diabetes care. Diabetes Spectr 23(4):220‒227. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.23.4.220
WHO Expert Consultation. 2004. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 363(9403):157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
Wong CKH, Lo YYC, Wong WHT, Fung CSC. 2013. The associations of body mass index with physical and mental aspects of health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes 11(1):1‒9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-142
Yi TW, Ismail M. 2020. Health literacy among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Klang health district Malaysia. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine 23(Suppl 1):245‒253.
Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. 2018. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(2):88‒98. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.151
Al-Mountashiri NA, AL-Zhrani AM, Ibrahim SFH, Mirghani HO. 2017. Dietary habits, physical activity and diabetes perception among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Electron Physician 9(9):5179. https://doi.org/10.19082/5179
Al Sayah F, Al Majumdar SR, Egede LE, Johnson JA. 2015. Associations between health literacy and health outcomes in a predominantly low-income African American population with type 2 diabetes. J Health Commun 20(5):581‒588. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1012235
Baharum NN, Ariffin F, Isa MR, Tin ST. 2020. Health literacy, knowledge on cervical cancer and pap smear and its influence on pre-marital Malay Muslim women attitude towards pap smear. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 21(7):2021‒2028. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.7.2021
Bayati T, Dehghan A, Bonyadi F, Bazrafkan L. 2018. Investigating the effect of education on health literacy and its relation to health-promoting behaviors in health center. J Educ Health Promot 7(1):127. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_65_18
Duong TV, Aringazina A, Baisunova G, Nurjanah, Pham TV, Pham KM, Truong TQ, Nguyen KT, Oo WM, Mohamad E et al. 2017. Measuring health literacy in Asia: Validation of the HLS-EU-Q47 survey tool in six Asian countries. J Epidemiol 27(2):80‒86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.09.005
Enomoto A, Saito A, Takahashi O, Kimura T, Tajima R, Rahman M, Iida K. 2020. Associations between health literacy and underweight and overweight among Japanese adults aged 20 to 39 years: A cross-sectional study. Health Educ Behav 47(4):631‒639. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120919675
Friis K, Vind BD, Simmons RK, Maindal HT. 2016. The relationship between health literacy and health behaviour in people with diabetes: A Danish population-based study. J Diabetes Res 2016:7823130. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7823130
Gray N, Picone G, Sloan F, Yashkin, A. 2015. The relationship between BMI and onset of diabetes mellitus and its complications. South Med J 108(1):29. https://doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000214
Guerrero Fernández de Alba I, Gimeno-Miguel A, Poblador-Plou B, Gimeno-Feliu LA, Ioakeim-Skoufa I, Rojo-Martínez G, Forjaz MJ, Prados-Torres A. 2020. Association between mental health comorbidity and health outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Sci Rep 10(1):1‒9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76546-9
Hidrus A, Kueh YC, Norsa'adah B, Kuan G. 2020. Malay version of exercise self-efficacy: A confirmatory analysis among Malaysians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(3):922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030922
Hu RY, He QF, Pan J, Wang M, Zhou XY, Yu M. 2021. Association between body mass index changes and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 42(7):1194‒1199. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200615-00841
Huizinga MM, Beech BM, Cavanaugh KL, Elasy TA, Rothman RL. 2008. Low numeracy skills are associated with higher BMI. Obesity 16(8):1966. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.294
Institute for Public Health. 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 (Vol. 20). Selangor: Institute for Public Health National Institutes of Health (NIH) Ministry of Health Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.iku.gov.my/nhms-2019 [Accessed 30th August 2022]
James DCS, Harville C, Efunbumi O, Martin MY. 2015. Health literacy issues surrounding weight management among African American women: A mixed methods study. J Hum Nutr Diet 28(2):41‒49. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12239
Khan MAB, Hashim MJ, King JK, Govender RD, Mustafa H, Al Kaabi J. 2020. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes - global burden of disease and forecasted trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health 10:107‒111. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001
Levy H, Janke A. 2016. Health literacy and access to care. J Health Commun 21(Suppl):43‒50. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1131776
Mashi AH, Aleid D, Almutairi S, Khattab F, AlMuqawed A, Khan S, AlBanyan N, Brema I, Aljohani NJ. 2019. The association of health literacy with glycemic control in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Saudi Med J 40(7):675‒680. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2019.7.24277
Mekhail KT, Burstrom B, Marttila A, Wangdahl J, Lindberg L. 2022. Psychometric qualities of the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument for parental health literacy in Swedish multicultural settings. BMC Public Health 22(1):1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12346-8
Michou M, Panagiotakos DB, Costarelli V. 2018. Low health literacy and excess body weight: A systematic review. Cent Eur J Public Health 26(3):234‒241. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a5172
Mohebi S, Parham M, Sharifirad G, Gharlipour Z, Mohammadbeigi A, Rajati F. 2018. Relationship between perceived social support and self-care behavior in type 2 diabetics: A cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot 7(1):48. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_73_17
Posner BM, Jette AM, Smith KW, Miller DR. 1993. Nutrition and health risks in the elderly: The nutrition screening initiative. Am J Public Health 83(7):972‒978. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.7.972
Schlienger JL. 2013. Type 2 diabetes complications. Presse Medicale 42(5):839‒848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.313
Sørensen K, Van Den Broucke S, Fullam J, Doyle G, Pelikan J, Slonska Z, Brand H. 2012. Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health 12(1):12‒80. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-80
Squiers L, Peinado S, Berkman N, Boudewyns V, McCormack L. 2012. The health literacy skills framework. J Health Commun 17(Suppl. 3):30‒54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.713442
Ueno H, Ishikawa H, Suzuki R, Izumida Y, Ohashi Y, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Kiuchi T. 2019. The association between health literacy levels and patient-reported outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. SAGE Open Med 7:205031211986564. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119865647
Wallace A. 2010. Low health literacy: Overview, assessment, and steps toward providing high-quality diabetes care. Diabetes Spectr 23(4):220‒227. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.23.4.220
WHO Expert Consultation. 2004. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 363(9403):157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3
Wong CKH, Lo YYC, Wong WHT, Fung CSC. 2013. The associations of body mass index with physical and mental aspects of health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes 11(1):1‒9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-142
Yi TW, Ismail M. 2020. Health literacy among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Klang health district Malaysia. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine 23(Suppl 1):245‒253.
Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. 2018. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(2):88‒98. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.151
Authors
AziziM. S., VanohD., & YudinZ. M. (2022). Health Literacy: How is it Related to Body Mass Index of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus? . Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 17(3), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2022.17.3.195-204
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