The Effect of Combined Extracts of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica L.) in Improving Diabetic Condition in Rats
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 17 No. 1 (2022)
Accepted
14 January 2022
Published
25 March 2022
Keywords:
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centella asiatica, combined extracts, diabetes mellitus, malondialdehyde, sappan wood
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combination of sappan (secang) wood and gotu kola extracts in reducing insulin resistance and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) 65 mg/kg Body Weight (BW) and Nicotinamide (NA) 230 mg/kg BW. Forty-two male Sprague Dawley rats weighing ±200 g were divided into 7 groups: 1) control, 2) glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg BW, 3) sappan wood extract (CS) 250 mg/kg BW, 4) gotu kola extract (CA) 500 mg/kg BW, 5) 1st combination of extracts of sappan wood and gotu kola (CSCA1) 125 mg/kg BW + 750 mg/kg BW, 6) 2nd combination (CSCA2) with 250 mg/kg BW + 500 mg/kg BW, and 7) 3rd combination (CSCA3) with 375 mg/kg BW + 250 mg/kg BW. The insulin resistance levels were measured using the HOMA-IR index based on fasting blood glucose and insulin. The Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARs) method was used to measure MDA levels. All measurements were taken before treatment, 14 days after treatment, and 21 days after treatment. The group receiving CSCA3 showed significant reduction in insulin resistance (-3.32±0.05) and MDA levels (-2.04±0.37 nmol/ml) on Day 21 after treatment. The CSCA3 treatment did not show statistically different result compared to glibenclamide treatment (p>0.05). Hence, CSCA3 treatment was considered as the best proportion of sappan wood and gotu kola extracts mixture and the result is comparable to glibenclamide. This study shows that the combination of sappan wood and gotu kola extracts has the potential to be developed as a functional drink for people with diabetes.
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Muhlishoh A, Wasita B, Nuhriawangsa AMP. 2019. Antidiabetic effect of Centella asiatica extract (whole plant) in streptozotocin nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia 6(1):14−22. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(1).14−22
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Nurhidajah N, Nurrahman N. 2017. Efek hipoglikemik kecambah beras merah pada tikus yang diinduksi STZ-NA dengan parameter kadar insulin, indeks HOMA-IR dan HOMA-β. agriTECH 36(4):433−439. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.16767
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Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. 2013. Efficacy of asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 20(3−4):230−236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.023
Saisho Y. 2015. β-cell dysfunction: Its critical role in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 6(1):109−124. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.109
Sakir NA, Kim JG. 2019. The effect of sappan wood extracts in treating diabetes induced in mice. Makara Journal of Health Research 23(2):9. https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v23i2.10375
Silva EFF, Ferreira CMM, Pinho LD. 2017. Risk factors and complications in type 2 diabetes outpatients. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63:621−627. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.07.621
Subiyono, Martsiningsih MA, Gabrela D. 2016. Gambaran kadar glukosa darah metode GOD-PAP (Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase Aminoantypirin) sampel serum dan plasma EDTA (Ethylen Diamin Terta Acetat). Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 5(1):45−48.
Szkudelski T, Zywert A, Szkudelska K. 2013. Metabolic disturbances and defects in insulin secretion in rats with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Physiol Res 62(6): 663−670. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.932509
Thipkaew C, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. 2012. The beneficial effect of asiaticoside on experimental neuropathy in diabetic rats. Am J Appl Sci 9(11):1782−1788. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.1782.1788
Wang T, Lu J, Shi L, Chen G, Xu M, Xu Y, Su Q, Mu Y, Chen L, Hu R et al. 2020. Association of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction with incident diabetes among adults in china: A nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8(2):115−124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30425−5
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2019. Classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization.
Zainuddin A, Susanto H, Rosidi A. 2019. The effect of red pomegranate provision on malondialdehyde and blood lactic acid level in rats with maximum physical activity. J Gizi Pangan 14(2):77−82. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2019.14.2.77-82
Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka K, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. 2019. Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: Cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules 9(9):430. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430
Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S. 2014. Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014:1−31. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/360438
[BPOM] Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan. 2016. Serial The Power of Obat Asli Indonesia, Pegagan Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Jakarta (ID): CV Global Express Media Jakarta.
Fitrianda EKA, Sukandar EY, Elfahmi E, Adnyana IK. 2017. Antidiabetic activity of extract, fractions, and asiaticoside compound isolated from Centella asiatica linn. Leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10:268−272. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20419
Fitriyanti F, Susetyowati S, Wahyuningsih MSH. 2020. Pemberian minuman secang (Caesalpinia sappan l.) terhadap kadar malondialdehid plasma dan kebugaran jasmani pada pegawai penderita prehipertensi. J Gizi Klinik Indones 16(3):94−105. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.33242
Fitriyanto RE, Sugiarto S, Ardiyanto DT. 2020. Effects of methanol extractsof insulin leaves (Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl.) A. Gray) on insulin resistance and secretion of alloxan induced-obese diabetic rats. JKKI 11(2):180−190. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKKI.Vol11.Iss2.art11
Ghasemi A, Khalifi S, Jedi S. 2014. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes (review). Acta Physiologica Hungarica 101:408−420. https://doi.org/10.1556/APhysiol.101.2014.4.2
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. 2015. Free Radicals In Biology And Medicine, Fifth. ed. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
Husna F, Suyatna FD, Arozal W, Purwaningsing EH. 2019. Model hewan coba pada penelitian diabetes. J Pharm Sci Res 6(3):131−141. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v6i3.4531
[IDF] International Diabetes Federation. 2019. IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth 9th edition. Berussels (BE): International Diabetes Federation.
Kishore L, Kajal A, Kaur N. 2017. Role of nicotinamide in streptozotocin induced diabetes in animal models. J Endocrinol Thyroid Re 2(1). https://doi.org/10.19080/JETR.2017.02.555577
Muchtaromah B, Ahmad M, Suyono S, Romaidi R, Bahri S, Kumalasari HP. 2016. Dosage and administration length of Centella asiatica (l.) Urban decrease the level of SOD and MDA and improve brain histological condition of rats. J Teknol 5(78):57−61. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.8238
Muhlishoh A, Wasita B, Nuhriawangsa AMP. 2019. Antidiabetic effect of Centella asiatica extract (whole plant) in streptozotocin nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia 6(1):14−22. https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(1).14−22
Nirmal NP, Rajput MS, Prasad RG Ahmad M. 2015. Brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood and its pharmacological activities: A review. Asian Pac J Trop Med 8(6):421−430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.014
Nurhidajah N, Nurrahman N. 2017. Efek hipoglikemik kecambah beras merah pada tikus yang diinduksi STZ-NA dengan parameter kadar insulin, indeks HOMA-IR dan HOMA-β. agriTECH 36(4):433−439. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.16767
Pakdeechote P, Bunbupha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Prachaney P, Khrisanapant W, Kukongviriyapan V. 2014. Asiatic acid alleviates hemodynamic and metabolic alterations via restoring eNOS/iNOS expression, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diet-induced metabolic syndrome rats. Nutrients 6(1):355−370. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6010355
Putra RJS, Achmad A, Rachma HP. 2017. Kejadian efek samping potensial terapi obat anti diabetes pasien diabetes melitus berdasarkan algoritma naranjo. Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia 2(2):45−50. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2017.002.02.3
Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. 2015. Glucose uptake through translocation and activation of GLUT4 In PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by asiatic acid in diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 34(9):884−893. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327114561663
Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. 2013. Efficacy of asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 20(3−4):230−236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.023
Saisho Y. 2015. β-cell dysfunction: Its critical role in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 6(1):109−124. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.109
Sakir NA, Kim JG. 2019. The effect of sappan wood extracts in treating diabetes induced in mice. Makara Journal of Health Research 23(2):9. https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v23i2.10375
Silva EFF, Ferreira CMM, Pinho LD. 2017. Risk factors and complications in type 2 diabetes outpatients. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63:621−627. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.07.621
Subiyono, Martsiningsih MA, Gabrela D. 2016. Gambaran kadar glukosa darah metode GOD-PAP (Glucose Oxidase-Peroxidase Aminoantypirin) sampel serum dan plasma EDTA (Ethylen Diamin Terta Acetat). Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 5(1):45−48.
Szkudelski T, Zywert A, Szkudelska K. 2013. Metabolic disturbances and defects in insulin secretion in rats with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Physiol Res 62(6): 663−670. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.932509
Thipkaew C, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. 2012. The beneficial effect of asiaticoside on experimental neuropathy in diabetic rats. Am J Appl Sci 9(11):1782−1788. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.1782.1788
Wang T, Lu J, Shi L, Chen G, Xu M, Xu Y, Su Q, Mu Y, Chen L, Hu R et al. 2020. Association of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction with incident diabetes among adults in china: A nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8(2):115−124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30425−5
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2019. Classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization.
Zainuddin A, Susanto H, Rosidi A. 2019. The effect of red pomegranate provision on malondialdehyde and blood lactic acid level in rats with maximum physical activity. J Gizi Pangan 14(2):77−82. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2019.14.2.77-82
Authors
Binti Maulina, WasitaB., & FebrinasariR. P. (2022). The Effect of Combined Extracts of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica L.) in Improving Diabetic Condition in Rats. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 17(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2022.17.1.37-46
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