Maternal and Cord Blood Saturated Fatty Acid Level and Infant Adiposity
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 16 No. 2 (2021)
Accepted
15 July 2021
Published
29 July 2021
Keywords:
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cord blood, fat mass, infant adiposity, pregnant women, saturated fatty acids
Abstract
This study aimed to assess SFAs profiles in the maternal and cord blood, and the relationship of both SFAs levels with infant adiposity. As many as 99 mothers with singleton pregnancy and pre-pregnancy BMI .18.5 agreed to join the research and completed the data collection process. Maternal and cord blood erythrocyte SFAs profile was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionized Detector. Infant birth weight was measured at birth, while infant skinfolds were at 5.7 days postpartum. We used Aris et al. (2013) equation to assess the infant fat mass. The average maternal age was 29.62}5.84 years old, while the pre-pregnancy BMI was 22.87}3.90 kg/m2. Infant birth weight was 3168.83}341.64 g, and fat mass was 9.39}3.52 %. Maternal total SFAs and palmitic acid (C16:0) concentration were higher than cord blood, while lignoceric acid (C24:0) was lower (p<0.05). Increased maternal caproic (C6:0), capric (C10:0), and lauric acids (C12:0) were associated with higher infant adiposity (p<0.05). Total SFAs, palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and behenic acids (C22:0) in cord blood were negatively associated with infant adiposity (p<0.05). Elevated lauric (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0) acids in cord blood were associated with greater adiposity. In conclusion, we found a different SFAs profile between maternal blood during the third trimester of pregnancy and cord blood. Increased maternal caproic, capric, and lauric acids as well as cord bloodfs lauric and palmitic acids contribute to greater infant adiposity.
References
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Moore BF, Sauder KA, Starling AP, Hebert JR, Shivappa N, Ringham BM, Glueck DH, Dabelea D. 2018. Pro-inflammatory diets during pregnancy and neonatal adiposity in the Healthy Start Study. J Pediatr 195:121–127.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.030
O’Donovan SM, Hourihane JO, Murray DM, Kenny LC, Khashan AS, Chaoimh Cn, Irvine AD, Kiely M. 2016. Neonatal adiposity increases the risk of atopic dermatitis during the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 137(1):108–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.035
Rise P, Marangoni F, Martiello A, Colombo C, Manzoni C, Marconi C, Cattabeni F, Galli C. 2018. Fatty acid profiles of blood lipids in a population group in Tibet: Correlations with diet and environmental conditions. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 17(1):80–85.
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Salvador AM, Garcia-Maldonado E, Gallego-Narbon A, Zapatera B, Vaquero MP. 2019. Fatty acid profile and cardiometabolic markers in relation with diet type and omega-3 supplementation in Spanish vegetarians. Nutrients 11(7):1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071659
Sassa T, Kihara A. 2014. Metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids: genes and pathophysiology. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 22(2):83–92. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2014.017
Shramko VS, Polonskaya YV, Kashtanova EV, Stakhneva EM, Ragino YI. 2020. The Short Overview on the Relevance of Fatty Acids for Human Cardiovascular Disorders. Biomolecules 10(8):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081127
Sergi D, Williams LM. 2020. Potential relationship between dietary long-chain saturated fatty acids and hypothalamic dysfunction in obesity. Nutr Rev 78(4):261–277. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz056
Szabo AJ. 2019. Transferred maternal fatty acids stimulate fetal adipogenesis and lead to neonatal and adult obesity. Med Hypotheses 122:82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.022
Wiechers C, Kirchhof S, Maas C, Poets CF, Franz AR. 2019. Neonatal body composition by air displacement plethysmography in healthy term singletons: A systematic review. BMC Pediatrics 19:489. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1867-y
Yammine SG, Naja F, Tamim H, Nasrallah M, Biessy C, Aglago EK, Matta M, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Nasreddine L et al. 2018. Association between serum phospholipid fatty acid levels and adiposity among Lebanese adults: A cross sectional study. Nutrients 10(10):1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101371
Aris IM, Soh SE, Tint MT, Liang S, Chinnadurai A, Saw SM, Kwek K, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD et al. 2013. Body fat in Singaporean Infants: Development of body fat prediction equations in Asian newborns. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(9):922–927. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.69
Barbour LA, Hernandez TL. 2018. Maternal lipids and fetal overgrowth: Making fat from fat. Clin Ther 40(10): 1638–1647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.08.007
Carvalho CCR, Caramujo MJ. 2018. The various roles of fatty acids. Molecules 23(10):2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102583
Chavan-Gautam P, Rani A, Freeman DJ. 2018. Chapter Six - distribution of fatty acids and lipids during pregnancy. Adv Clin Chem 84:209–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2017.12.006
Chia AR, de Seymour JV, Wong G, Sulek K, Han TL, McKenzie EJ, Aris IM, Godfrey KM, Yap F, Tan KH et al. 2020. Maternal plasma metabolic markers of neonatal adiposity and associated maternal characteristics: The GUSTO study. Sci Rep 10:9422. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66026-5
Desoye G, Herrera E. 2021. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 81:101082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082
Duttaroy AK, Basak S. 2020. Maternal dietary fatty acids and their roles in human placental development. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 155:102080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102080
Febriani D, Sudiarti T. 2019. Fast food as drivers for overweight and obesity among urban school children at Jakarta, Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 14(2):99–106. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2019.14.2.99-106
Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226(1):497–509.
Gupta N, Goel K, Shah P, Misra A. 2012. Childhood obesity in developing countries: Epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocr 33(1):48–70. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0028
Hernandez-Trejo M, Samano R, Chico-Barba G, Pizano-Zarate L, Herrera-Gonzalez NE. 2020. Neonatal adiposity may increase plasmatic cytokines. Plos One 15(9):e02383. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238370
Jauregibeitia I, Portune K, Rica I, Teuros I, Velasco O, Grau G, Trebolazabala N, Castano L, Larocca AV, Ferreri C et al. 2020. Fatty acid profile of mature red blood cell membranes and dietary intake as a new approach to characterize children with overweight and obesity. Nutrients 12(11):3446. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113446
Lichtenbelt WDM, Shrauwen P. 2011. Implications of nonshivering thermogenesis for energy balance regulation in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R285–R296. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00652.2010
Liu K, Ye K, Han Y, Sheng J, Jin Z, Bo Q, Hu C, Hu C, Li L. 2017. Maternal and cord blood fatty acid patterns with excessive gestational weight gain and neonatal macrosomia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 26(2): 291–297.
Luo L, Liu M. 2016. Adipose tissue in control of metabolism. J Endocrinol 231(3):R77–R99. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0211
Mennitti LV, Oliveira JL, Morais CA, Estadella D, Oyama LM, do Nascimento CMO, Pisani LP. 2015. Type of fatty acids in maternal diets during pregnancy and/or lactation and metabolic consequences of the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 26(2):99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.001
Mullins CA, Gannaban RB, Khan MS, Shah H, Siddik MAB, Hedge VK, Reddy PH, Shin AC. 2020. Neural underpinning of obesity: The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Antioxidants 9(10):1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9101018
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia. 2018. Basic Health Survey Report 2018. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Montgomery MK, Osborne B, Brown SHJ, Small L, Mitchell TW, Cooney GJ, Turner N. 2013. Contrasting metabolic effects of medium- versus long-chain fatty acids in skeletal muscle. J Lipid Res 54(12):3322–3333. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M040451
Moore BF, Harrall KK, Sauder KA, Glueck DH, Dabelea D. 2020. Neonatal adiposity and childhood obesity. Pediatrics 146(3):e20200737. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0737
Moore BF, Sauder KA, Starling AP, Hebert JR, Shivappa N, Ringham BM, Glueck DH, Dabelea D. 2018. Pro-inflammatory diets during pregnancy and neonatal adiposity in the Healthy Start Study. J Pediatr 195:121–127.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.030
O’Donovan SM, Hourihane JO, Murray DM, Kenny LC, Khashan AS, Chaoimh Cn, Irvine AD, Kiely M. 2016. Neonatal adiposity increases the risk of atopic dermatitis during the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 137(1):108–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.035
Rise P, Marangoni F, Martiello A, Colombo C, Manzoni C, Marconi C, Cattabeni F, Galli C. 2018. Fatty acid profiles of blood lipids in a population group in Tibet: Correlations with diet and environmental conditions. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 17(1):80–85.
Ruiz-Nunez B, Dijck-Brouwer J, Muskier FAJ. 2016. The relation of saturated fatty acid with low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr Biochem 36:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.007
Salvador AM, Garcia-Maldonado E, Gallego-Narbon A, Zapatera B, Vaquero MP. 2019. Fatty acid profile and cardiometabolic markers in relation with diet type and omega-3 supplementation in Spanish vegetarians. Nutrients 11(7):1659. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071659
Sassa T, Kihara A. 2014. Metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids: genes and pathophysiology. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 22(2):83–92. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2014.017
Shramko VS, Polonskaya YV, Kashtanova EV, Stakhneva EM, Ragino YI. 2020. The Short Overview on the Relevance of Fatty Acids for Human Cardiovascular Disorders. Biomolecules 10(8):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081127
Sergi D, Williams LM. 2020. Potential relationship between dietary long-chain saturated fatty acids and hypothalamic dysfunction in obesity. Nutr Rev 78(4):261–277. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz056
Szabo AJ. 2019. Transferred maternal fatty acids stimulate fetal adipogenesis and lead to neonatal and adult obesity. Med Hypotheses 122:82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.022
Wiechers C, Kirchhof S, Maas C, Poets CF, Franz AR. 2019. Neonatal body composition by air displacement plethysmography in healthy term singletons: A systematic review. BMC Pediatrics 19:489. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1867-y
Yammine SG, Naja F, Tamim H, Nasrallah M, Biessy C, Aglago EK, Matta M, Romieu I, Gunter MJ, Nasreddine L et al. 2018. Association between serum phospholipid fatty acid levels and adiposity among Lebanese adults: A cross sectional study. Nutrients 10(10):1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101371
Authors
KusenY., AnwarF., & DewiM. (2021). Maternal and Cord Blood Saturated Fatty Acid Level and Infant Adiposity. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 16(2), 119-128. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2021.16.2.119-128
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