A Supplementary Protein Food for Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency to Improve Fetal Growth
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Issue
Vol. 15 No. 1 (2020)
Published
28 March 2020
Keywords:
-
chronic energy deficiency, fetal growth, pregnancy, supplementary food
Abstract
The aimed to analyze the effect of protein-sourced supplementary foods for pregnant women with CED to improve fetal growth. The pre-post study test involved 44 pregnant women with a Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) of <23.5cm in Bogor City, West Java. The subjects were divided into two groups, first was the PG group, consist of pregnant women who received the protein-sourced supplementary foods. The second was the PCG group where the pregnant women recieved the standard government supplementary food (GSF) for eight weeks. Data regarding the fetal growth was obtained using USG, the inidactor measured were the femur length and estimated fetal weight. The increase of femur length and estimated fetal weight were used as the fetal growth parameters. Analysis of Covariance was applied to obtain the effect of intervention by controlling other covariate variables. The result showed that the improvement of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and femur length (FL) in both groups were similar (p>0.05). Despite the fact that the PG group showed lower compliance compared to the PCG (p>0.05). The findings suggest that our protein-sourced supplementary foods had a similar effect with the GSF on fetal growth of pregnant women with CED.
References
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Santrock JW. 2012. Life-span Development 13th Ed: Perkembangan Masa Hidup Jilid 1. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Setiawati T, Sudewi, Mahmudatussa’adah A. 2017. Sweet potato cream soup sebagai alternatif bisnis makanan sehat. Jurnal Kompeten Teknik 9(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.15294/jkomtek.v9i1.12184.
Starling AP, Sauder KA, Kaar JL, Shapiro ALB, Siega-Riz AM, Dabelea D. 2017. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with newborn body composition. J Nutr 147:1334–1339. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.248948.
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[TNP2K] Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. 2017. 100 Kabupaten/Kota Prioritas untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Jakarta: Sekretariat Wakil Presiden RI.
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[WHO] World Health Organization. 2006. HTSP 101: everything you want to know about healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy. http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/maternal/ htsp101.pdf. [Accressed 19 May 2019].
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2011. WHO Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2013. Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
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Williamson CS. 2006. Nutrition in pregnancy. Nutr Bull 31(1):28–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2006.00541.x.
Wills AK, Chinchwadkar MC, Joglekar CV, Natekar AS, Yajnik CS, Fall CHD, Kinare AS. 2010. Maternal and paternal height and BMI and patterns of fetal growth: The pune maternal nutrition study. Early Hum Dev 86(9):535–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.07.002.
Wu G, Imhoff-Kunsch B, Girard AW. 2012. Biological mechanisms for nutritional regulation of maternal health and fetal development. Paediatr Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26(1):4–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012 .01291.x.
Bellieni C. 2016. The best age for pregnancy and undue pressures. J Fam Reprod Health. 10(3):104–107.
Black ER, Heidkamp R. 2018. Causes of stunting and preventive dietary interventions in pregnancy and early childhood. Nestlé Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 89:105–113. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486496.
Brown JE 2005. Nutrition through the Life Cycle 2nd Ed. Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
Chechi K, Cheema SK. 2006. Maternal diet rich in saturated fats deleterious effects on plasma lipids of mice. Exp Clin Cardiol. 11(2):129–135.
Danielewicz H, Myszczyszyn G, Dębińska A, Myszkal A, Boznański A, Hirnle L. 2017. Diet in pregnancy-more than food. Eur J Pediatr 176:1573–1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-3026-5.
Dewey KG. 2016. Reducing stunting by improving maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in regions such as South Asia: Evidence, challenges and opprtunities. Matern Child Nutr 12:27–38. DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12282
Durrani AM, Rani A. 2011. Effect of maternal dietary intake on the weight of the newborn in Aligarh city, India. Niger Med J. 52(3):177–181.doi:10.4103/ 0300-1652.86132.
Engidaw MT, Gebremariam AD, Tiruneh SA, Asnakew DT, Abate BA. 2019. Chronic energy deficiency and its associated factors among lactating women in Debre Tabor general hospital, Northcentral Ethiopia. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care 5(1):1–7.doi:10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190501.11.
Erick M. 2008. Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. In: Mahan LK, Stump SE, editor. Krause’s Food and Nutrition Theraphy 12th Ed. Vancouver: Saunders Elsevier Inc.
Fakier A, Petro G, Fawcus S. 2017. Mid-upper arm circumference: A surrogate for body mass index in pregnant women. S Afr Med J 107(7):606–610. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i7.12255.
Goldenberg RL, Davis RO, Cliver SP, Cutter GR, Hoffman HJ, Dubard MB. 1993. Maternal risk factors and their influence on fetal anthropometric measurements. Am J Obstet Gynecol 168(4):1197–1205. https://doi.org/10. 1016/0002-9378(93)90369-t.
Imdad A, Bhutta ZA. 2012. Maternal nutrition and birth outcomes: Effect of balanced protein-energy supplementation. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26(1):178–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01308.x.
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2007. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018a. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018b. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Buku Saku Pe-mantauan Status Gizi Tahun 2017. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2013. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2015. Infodatin: situasi kesehatan reproduksi remaja. http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/15090200001/situasi-kesehatan-reproduksi-remaja.html. [Accessed 19 May 2015].
[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2017. Petunjuk Teknis Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (Balita–Ibu Hamil–Anak Sekolah). Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Kaseb F, Kimiagar M, Ghafarpoor M, Valaii N. 2002. Effect of traditional food supplementation during pregnancy on maternal weight gain and birthweight. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 72(6):389–393. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.6.389.
Kiserud T, Piaggio G, Carroli G, Widmer M, Carvalho J, Jensen LN, Giodano D, Cecatti JG, Aleem HA, Talegawkar SA et al. 2017. The world health organization fetal growth chart: A multinational longitudinal study of ultrasound biometric measurements and estimated fetal weight. PLoS Med 14(1):1–36. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002220.
Kominiarek MA, Rajan P. 2016. Nutrition recommendations in pregnancy and lactation. Med Clin N Am 100(6):1199–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.mcna.2016.06.004.
Liberato SC, Singh G, Mulholland K. 2013. Effects of protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on fetal growth: A review of the literature focusing on contextual factors. Food Nutr Res 57(1):20499. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v57i0.20499
Mahajan SD, Singh S, Shah P, Gupta N, Kochupillai N. 2009. Effect of maternal malnutrittion and anemia on endocrine regulation of fetal growth. Endocrine Research 30(2):189–203. https://doi.org/10.1081/ERC-200027380.
Medhin G, Hanlon C, Dewey M, Alem A, Tesfaye F, Worku B, Tomlinson M, Prince M. 2010. Prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among infants aged six and twelve months in Butajira, Ethiopia: The P-Mamie birth cohort. BMC Public Health 10(27):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-27.
Metwally M, Saravelos SH, Ledger WL, Li TC. 2010. Body mass index and risk of miscarriage in women with recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 94(1):290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.03.021.
Nahar S, Mascie-Taylor CN, Begum HA. 2009. Impact of targeted food supplementation on pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in rural Bangladesh: An assessment of the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project (BINP). Publ Health Nutr 12(08):1205–1212. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008003765.
Sairuroh, Rahfiludin MZ, Kartasurya MI . 2019. Dampak pemberian biskuit pada ibu hamil berisiko kekurangan energi kronis terhadap kadar hemoglobin. MKMI 18(2):1–6.
Santana JDM, Queiroz VADO, Brito SM, Santos DBD, Assis AMO. 2015. Food consumption patterns during pregnancy: a longitudinal study in a region of the North East of Brazil. Nutr Hosp 32(1):130–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.1.8970.
Santrock JW. 2012. Life-span Development 13th Ed: Perkembangan Masa Hidup Jilid 1. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Setiawati T, Sudewi, Mahmudatussa’adah A. 2017. Sweet potato cream soup sebagai alternatif bisnis makanan sehat. Jurnal Kompeten Teknik 9(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.15294/jkomtek.v9i1.12184.
Starling AP, Sauder KA, Kaar JL, Shapiro ALB, Siega-Riz AM, Dabelea D. 2017. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with newborn body composition. J Nutr 147:1334–1339. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.117.248948.
Tabrizi JS, Asghari A, Pourali F, Kousha H, Nikniaz L. 2019. Effects of food supplementation during pregnancy on maternal weight gain, hemoglobin levels and pregnancy outcomes in Iran. Matern Child Health J 23(2): 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2648-1.
[TNP2K] Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. 2017. 100 Kabupaten/Kota Prioritas untuk Intervensi Anak Kerdil (Stunting). Jakarta: Sekretariat Wakil Presiden RI.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 1995. Maternal Anthropometry and Pregnancy Outcomes: A WHO Collaborative Study. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2006. HTSP 101: everything you want to know about healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy. http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/maternal/ htsp101.pdf. [Accressed 19 May 2019].
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2011. WHO Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2013. Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Hyperglycemia First Detected in Pregnancy. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2017. Balanced energy and protein supplementation during pregnancy. eLENA. http://www. who.int/elena/titles/energy_protein_pregnan cy/en/. [Accessed 16 October 2018].
Wiknjosastro H, Saifuddin AB, Rachimhadhi T. 1992. Ilmu Kebidanan. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo.
Williamson CS. 2006. Nutrition in pregnancy. Nutr Bull 31(1):28–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2006.00541.x.
Wills AK, Chinchwadkar MC, Joglekar CV, Natekar AS, Yajnik CS, Fall CHD, Kinare AS. 2010. Maternal and paternal height and BMI and patterns of fetal growth: The pune maternal nutrition study. Early Hum Dev 86(9):535–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.07.002.
Wu G, Imhoff-Kunsch B, Girard AW. 2012. Biological mechanisms for nutritional regulation of maternal health and fetal development. Paediatr Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 26(1):4–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012 .01291.x.
Authors
PrameswariF. S. P., MarliyatiS. A., & DewiM. (2020). A Supplementary Protein Food for Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency to Improve Fetal Growth. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 15(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2020.15.1.1-10
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