Leucine Intake as Determinant of Muscle Strength and Gait Speed in the Elderly
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 15 No. 1 (2020)
Published
28 March 2020
Keywords:
-
elderly, gait speed, leucine, muscle strength
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the intake of leucine as a determinant of muscle strength and gait speed in the elderly. This research is a cross-sectional study that involved 132 elderly people in the community (34 men and 98 women), aged 60–69 years. Data were obtained from interviews, physical examinations (body weight, body height, muscle mass, muscle strength, and gait speed), as well as food recall 3x24 hours. The statistical analysis employed Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Intake of leucine was positively correlated with muscle strength (r=0.3; p<0.001) and gait speed (r=0.244; p<0.05). It was not inta
References
[ATS] American Thoracic Society. 2002. ATS Statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166(1):111–117. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.166/1/111.
Arnold P, Bautmans I. 2014. The influence of strength training on muscle activation in elderly persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 58:58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.012.
[BKPM] Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. 2013. Angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan bagi bangsa Indonesia. https://peraturan.bkpm.go.id/jdih/userfiles/batang/PMK%20No.%2075%20ttg%20Angka%20Kecukupan%20Gizi%20Bangsa%20Indonesia.pdf. [Accessed 20 March 2014].
Bauer JM, Verlaan S, Bautmans I, Brandt K, Donini LM, Maggio M, McMurdo MET, Mets T, Seal C, Wijers SL, et al. 2015. Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the Provide Study: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal Jamda 16(9):740–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021.
Chen LK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, Liu LK, Arai H, Akishita M, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. 2016. Recent advances in sarcopenia research in Asia: 2016 update from the Asian working group for sarcopenia. Jamda 17(8):767e1-767e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.016.
Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chen LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, et al. 2014. Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Jamda 15(2):95–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel JP, Rolland Y, Schneider SM, et al. 2010. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age and ageing 39(4):412–423. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034.
Deutz NEP, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Boirie Y, Bosy-Westphal A, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Krznaric Z, Nair KS, et al. 2014. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: Recom-mendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clinical Nutrition 33(6):929–936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007.
Gropper SS, Smith JL. 2013. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Sixth Edition. USA: Yolanda Cossio.
Jang BY, Bu SY. 2018. Total energy intake according to the level of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults aged 30 years and older: An analysis of the Korean national health and nutrition examination surveys (KNHANES) 2008–2011. Nutr Res Pract 12(3):222–232. doi:10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.222.
Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. 2010. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: Roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants (reviews). J Nutr Biochem 21(1):1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.014.
Kobayashi S, Asakura K, Suga H, Sasaki S. 2013. High protein intake is associated with low prevalence of frail-ty among old Japanese women: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Nutr J 12:164.
Li CI, Li TC, Lin WY, Liu CS, Hsu CC, Hsiung CA, Chen CY, Huang KC, Wu CH, Wang CY, et al. 2015. Combined association of chronic disease and low skeletal muscle mass with physical performance in older adults in the sarcopenia and translational aging research in Taiwan (START) study. BMC Geriatrics 15:11. DOI 10.1186/s12877-015-0011-6.
Liu CK, Leng X, Hsu FC, Kritchevsky SB, Ding J, Earnest CP, Ferrucci L, Goodpaster BH, Guralnik JM, Lenchik L, et al. 2014. The impact of sarcopenia on a physical activity intervention: the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders pilot study (LIFE-P). J Nutr Health Aging 18(1):59–64. doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0369-0.
Liu LK, Lee WJ, Liu CL, Chen LY, Lin MH, Peng LN, Chen LK. 2013. Age-related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: Implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 13(4):964–971. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12040.
Morley JE, Argiles JM, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Cella D, Deutz NEP, Doehner W, Fearon KCH, Ferrucci L, Heller-stein MK, et al. 2010. Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Jamda 11(6):391–396. doi:10.1016/j.jamda. 2010.04.014.
Naseeb MA, Volpe SL. 2017. Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging. Nutr Res 4:1–20 doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.01.001.
Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. 2002; WHO technical report series; 935. Geneva, Switzerland. p. 135-151.
Siswanto, et al. 2014. Studi Diet Total: Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu Indonesia 2014, edisi pertama. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbitan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes.
Tieland M, Berg KJBVD, Loon LJCV, De Groot LCPGM. 2012. Dietary protein intake in community-dwelling, frail, and institutionalized elderly people: Scope for improvement. Eur J Nutr 51(2):173–179. doi:10.1007/ s00394-011-0203-6.
Triatmaja NT, Khomsan A, Dewi M. 2013. Asupan kalsium, status gizi, tekanan darah dan hubungannya dengan keluhan sendi lansia di panti werdha Bandung. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 8(1): 25–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2013.8.1.25-32.
Vitriana, Defi IR, Nugraha GI, Setiabudiawan B. 2016. Prevalensi sarkopenia pada lansia di komunitas (com-munity dwelling) berdasarkan dua nilai cut-off parameter diagnosis. MKB 48(3): 164–170. https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v48n3.417.
Verhoeven S, Vanschoonbeek K, Verdijk LB, Koopman R, Wodzig WK, Dendale P, Loon LJCV. 2009. Long-term leucine supplementation does not increase muscle mass or strength in healthy elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 89(5):1468–1475. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26668
Wu YH, Hwang AC, Liu LK, Peng LN, Chen LK. 2016. Sex differences of sarcopenia in Asian populations: The implications in diagnosis and management. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr 7(2):37–43.
Yu SCY, Khow KSF, Jadczak AD, Visvanathan R. 2016. Clinical screening tools for sarcopenia and its management, review article. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2016:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5978523.
Zeng P, Han Y, Pang J, Wu S, Gong H, Zhu J, Li J, Zhang T. 2016. Sarcopenia-related features and factors associated with lower muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese: A cross sectional study. BMC Geriatrics 16(1):45 DOI 10.1186/s12877-016-0220-7.
Arnold P, Bautmans I. 2014. The influence of strength training on muscle activation in elderly persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 58:58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.012.
[BKPM] Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. 2013. Angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan bagi bangsa Indonesia. https://peraturan.bkpm.go.id/jdih/userfiles/batang/PMK%20No.%2075%20ttg%20Angka%20Kecukupan%20Gizi%20Bangsa%20Indonesia.pdf. [Accessed 20 March 2014].
Bauer JM, Verlaan S, Bautmans I, Brandt K, Donini LM, Maggio M, McMurdo MET, Mets T, Seal C, Wijers SL, et al. 2015. Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the Provide Study: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal Jamda 16(9):740–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021.
Chen LK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, Liu LK, Arai H, Akishita M, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. 2016. Recent advances in sarcopenia research in Asia: 2016 update from the Asian working group for sarcopenia. Jamda 17(8):767e1-767e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.016.
Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chen LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, et al. 2014. Sarcopenia in Asia: Consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Jamda 15(2):95–101. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel JP, Rolland Y, Schneider SM, et al. 2010. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people. Age and ageing 39(4):412–423. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034.
Deutz NEP, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Boirie Y, Bosy-Westphal A, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Krznaric Z, Nair KS, et al. 2014. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: Recom-mendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clinical Nutrition 33(6):929–936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007.
Gropper SS, Smith JL. 2013. Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Sixth Edition. USA: Yolanda Cossio.
Jang BY, Bu SY. 2018. Total energy intake according to the level of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults aged 30 years and older: An analysis of the Korean national health and nutrition examination surveys (KNHANES) 2008–2011. Nutr Res Pract 12(3):222–232. doi:10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.222.
Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. 2010. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: Roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants (reviews). J Nutr Biochem 21(1):1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.014.
Kobayashi S, Asakura K, Suga H, Sasaki S. 2013. High protein intake is associated with low prevalence of frail-ty among old Japanese women: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Nutr J 12:164.
Li CI, Li TC, Lin WY, Liu CS, Hsu CC, Hsiung CA, Chen CY, Huang KC, Wu CH, Wang CY, et al. 2015. Combined association of chronic disease and low skeletal muscle mass with physical performance in older adults in the sarcopenia and translational aging research in Taiwan (START) study. BMC Geriatrics 15:11. DOI 10.1186/s12877-015-0011-6.
Liu CK, Leng X, Hsu FC, Kritchevsky SB, Ding J, Earnest CP, Ferrucci L, Goodpaster BH, Guralnik JM, Lenchik L, et al. 2014. The impact of sarcopenia on a physical activity intervention: the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders pilot study (LIFE-P). J Nutr Health Aging 18(1):59–64. doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0369-0.
Liu LK, Lee WJ, Liu CL, Chen LY, Lin MH, Peng LN, Chen LK. 2013. Age-related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: Implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 13(4):964–971. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12040.
Morley JE, Argiles JM, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Cella D, Deutz NEP, Doehner W, Fearon KCH, Ferrucci L, Heller-stein MK, et al. 2010. Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Jamda 11(6):391–396. doi:10.1016/j.jamda. 2010.04.014.
Naseeb MA, Volpe SL. 2017. Protein and exercise in the prevention of sarcopenia and aging. Nutr Res 4:1–20 doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.01.001.
Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. 2002; WHO technical report series; 935. Geneva, Switzerland. p. 135-151.
Siswanto, et al. 2014. Studi Diet Total: Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu Indonesia 2014, edisi pertama. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbitan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes.
Tieland M, Berg KJBVD, Loon LJCV, De Groot LCPGM. 2012. Dietary protein intake in community-dwelling, frail, and institutionalized elderly people: Scope for improvement. Eur J Nutr 51(2):173–179. doi:10.1007/ s00394-011-0203-6.
Triatmaja NT, Khomsan A, Dewi M. 2013. Asupan kalsium, status gizi, tekanan darah dan hubungannya dengan keluhan sendi lansia di panti werdha Bandung. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 8(1): 25–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2013.8.1.25-32.
Vitriana, Defi IR, Nugraha GI, Setiabudiawan B. 2016. Prevalensi sarkopenia pada lansia di komunitas (com-munity dwelling) berdasarkan dua nilai cut-off parameter diagnosis. MKB 48(3): 164–170. https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v48n3.417.
Verhoeven S, Vanschoonbeek K, Verdijk LB, Koopman R, Wodzig WK, Dendale P, Loon LJCV. 2009. Long-term leucine supplementation does not increase muscle mass or strength in healthy elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 89(5):1468–1475. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26668
Wu YH, Hwang AC, Liu LK, Peng LN, Chen LK. 2016. Sex differences of sarcopenia in Asian populations: The implications in diagnosis and management. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr 7(2):37–43.
Yu SCY, Khow KSF, Jadczak AD, Visvanathan R. 2016. Clinical screening tools for sarcopenia and its management, review article. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2016:1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5978523.
Zeng P, Han Y, Pang J, Wu S, Gong H, Zhu J, Li J, Zhang T. 2016. Sarcopenia-related features and factors associated with lower muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese: A cross sectional study. BMC Geriatrics 16(1):45 DOI 10.1186/s12877-016-0220-7.
Authors
RatmawatiR., Fatimah-Muis S., & SofroM. A. U. (2020). Leucine Intake as Determinant of Muscle Strength and Gait Speed in the Elderly. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 15(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2020.15.1.19-26
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Article Details
