The application of probability method to estimate micronutrient deficiencies prevalence of Indonesian adults
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Issue
Vol. 13 No. 1 (2018)
Accepted
26 March 2018
Published
28 March 2018
Keywords:
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cut-off point method, micronutrient deficiency, nutrient density, probability method
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze micronutrient deficiencies (Ca, Fe, Zn, Vitamin A and C) of Indonesian adults using probability method (PBM) and cut-off point method (CPM). This research was conducted by analyzing secondary data from Total Diet Study of the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, obtained from 24-h food recall method. The subjects were 58, 014 adults aged 19-49 years. The nutrient requirement from Institute of Medicine were used as benchmark. Both PBM and CPM were applied to assess micronutrient deficiencies. The results showed that by applying PBM, the prevalence of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and C deficiencies was 54.2%, 36.4%, 74.3%, 44.8% and 71.4% respectively; while the prevalence of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and C deficiencies using CPM-100 was 63.9%, 42.5%, 80.7%, 55.8% and 81.7% respectively. PBM result showed more men than women were categorized as suffering from Zn, Vitamin A and C deficiencies; and more women were categorized as Ca and Fe deficiencies. The application of CPM-100 tended to result in overestimation compared to PBM. The nutrient densities of Ca, Fe, Zn, Vitamin A and C were higher in women than in men (p <0.05). The nutrient densities of Ca, Zn, vitamin A and C were below the recommended level for both men and women. This implies micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among Indonesian adults thus there is a need to improve the quality of their diet. This can be achieved by increasing the consumption of protein source foods (fish, meat and legume), fruits and vegetables as sources of micronutrients.
References
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Apriani S, Baliwati YF. 2011. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat di perdesaan danperkotaan. J Gizi dan Pangan. 6(3):200-207.
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Carriquiry AL. 1999. Assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy. Public health nutrition. 2(1):23-33.
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Drewnowski A. 2005. Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. AJCN 82(4):721-732.
Ekaningrum A Y, Sukandar D, Martianto D 2017. Keterkaitan densitas gizi, harga pangan, dan status gizi pada anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pekayon 16 Pagi. J Gizi Pangan 12(2):139-146.
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Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P et al. 2011. Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Cancer Causes & Control 22(10):1383-1396.
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Hardinsyah. 2007. Review faktor determinan keragaman konsumsi pangan. J Gizi Pangan 2(2):55-74.
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Jayati LD, Madanijah S, Khomsan A. 2014. Pola konsumsi pangan, kebiasaan makan, dan densitas gizi pada masyarakat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Jawa Barat. Penelitian Gizi Makanan 37(1):33-42.
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Kennedy G, Fanou-Fogny N, Seghieri C, Arimond M, Koreissi Y, Dossa R, Kok FJ, Brouwer ID. 2010. Food groups associated with a composite measure of probability of adequate intake of 11 micronutrients in the diets of women in urban Mali. J Nutr 140(11):2070S-2078S.
Lauzon B De, Volatier JL, Martin A. 2004. A Monte Carlo simulation to validate the EAR cut-point method for assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy at the population level. Pub Health Nutr 7(7):893-900.
Lee DER. 2014. Children' s Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia: Consideration of Quality as Well as Quantity of Children's Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia. Wharton Research Sholars 115.
Leyshon BJ, Radlowski EC, Mudd AT, Steelman AJ, Johnson RW. 2016. Postnatal iron deficiency alters brain development in piglets. J Nutr 146(7):1420-1427.
Lim KHC, Riddell LJ, Nowson CA, Booth AO, Szymlek-Gay EA 2013. Iron and zinc nutrition in the economically-developed world: A review. Nutrients 5(8):3184-3211.
Madanijah S, Briawan D, Rimbawan, Zulaikhah. 2013. Defisiensi multi zat gizi mikro kombinasi dengan defisiensi protein pada ibu pra hamil, hamil dan menyusui di Bogor, in SEMNAS PAGI 2013, Biokimia Gizi, Gizi Klinis dan Dietetik, halaman :153-162. Jakarta.
Mauludyani AVR, Matianto D, Baliwati YF. 2008. Pola konsumsi dan permintaan pangan pokok berdasarkan analisis data susenas 2005. J Gizi Pangan 3(2):101-117.
Morgan NK, Choct M. 2016. Cassava: Nutrient composition and nutritive value in poultry diets. Anim Nutr 2(4):253-261.
Murphy SP, Poos MI. 2002. Dietary Reference Intakes: summary of applications in dietary assessment. Pub Health Nutr 5(6A):843-849.
National Academy of Sciences. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy: Assesment Using Food Consumption Survey. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
Perdana SM, Hardinsyah, Damayanthi E. 2014. Alternatif indeks gizi seimbang untuk penilaian mutu gizi konsumsi pangan wanita dewasa Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 9(15):43-50.
Pusparini P, Ernawati F, Hardinsyah, Briawan D. 2016. Indeks massa tubuh rendah pada awal kehamilan dan defisiensi vitamin A pada trimester kedua sebagai faktor risiko
gangguan pertumbuhan linier pada bayi lahir. J Gizi Pangan 11(3):191-200.
Tang J, Wang R, Zhong H, Yu B, Chen Y. 2014. Vitamin A and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological stu-dies. World J Surg Oncol12(130):1-9.
Theobald HE. 2005. Dietary calcium and health. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin 30(3):237-277.
Wang et al.2015. Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of fetal growth restriction: a population-based birth cohort study. Scientific Reports 5(1):1-10.
Wang X, Chen H, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhao G, Bao W, Yan M. 2014. Dietary calcium intake and mortality risk from cardiovascular disease and all causes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Medicine 12(158):1-10.
WHO 2009. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005.
WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deciency. Geneva: WHO.
Yu N, Su X, Wang Z, Dai B, Kang J 2015. Assciation of dietary vitamin A and β-carotene intake with the risk of lung cancer: A Meta-analysis of 19 publications. Nutrients. 7(11):9309-9324.
Amrin AP, Hardinsyah, Dwiriani CM. 2013. Alternatif indeks gizi seimbang untuk penilaian mutu gizi konsumsi pangan pria dewasa Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 8(3):167-174.
Anwar K, Hardinsyah. 2014. Konsumsi pangan dan gizi serta skor pola pangan harapan pada dewasa usia 19-49 tahun di Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 9(1):51-58.
Apriani S, Baliwati YF. 2011. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat di perdesaan danperkotaan. J Gizi dan Pangan. 6(3):200-207.
Bailey RL, West KP, Black RE. 2015. The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 66(suppl 2):22-33.
Balitbangkes. 2013. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Blumberg JB, Frei BB, Fulgoni VL, Weaver CM, Zeisel SH. 2017. Impact of frequency of multivitamin/multi-mineral supplement intake on nutritional adequacy and nutrient deficiencies in U.S. adults. Nutrients. 9(8):1-15.
Carriquiry AL. 1999. Assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy. Public health nutrition. 2(1):23-33.
Darnton-Hill I, Webb P, Harvey PWJ, Hunt JM, Dalmiya N, Chopra M, Ball MJ, Bloem MW, de Benoist B. 2005. Micronutrient deficiencies and gender: social and economic costs. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 81(5):1198S-1205S.
Drewnowski A. 2005. Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. AJCN 82(4):721-732.
Ekaningrum A Y, Sukandar D, Martianto D 2017. Keterkaitan densitas gizi, harga pangan, dan status gizi pada anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pekayon 16 Pagi. J Gizi Pangan 12(2):139-146.
Fasuyi AO. 2005. Nutrient Composition and Processing Effects on Cassava Leaf (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) Antinutrients. PJN 4(1):37-42.
Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P et al. 2011. Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Cancer Causes & Control 22(10):1383-1396.
Anderson GH, Peterson GHB. 1982. Estimating nutrient deficiencies in a population from dietary records: the use of probability analyses. Nutrition Reseach 2(c):409-415.
Gibson RS. 2005. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hardinsyah. 2007. Review faktor determinan keragaman konsumsi pangan. J Gizi Pangan 2(2):55-74.
Herman S. 2009. Review on the problem of zinc defficiency , program prevention and its prospect. Media Litbang Kesehatan 19(2):S75-S83.
Huang JH, Tsai LC, Chang YC, Cheng FC 2014. High or low calcium intake increases cardiovascular disease risks in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular Diabetology 13(120):1-10.
[IOM] Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
[IOM] Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
[IOM] Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients). Washington DC: National Academies Press.
[IOM] Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium and vitamin D. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
Jayati LD, Madanijah S, Khomsan A. 2014. Pola konsumsi pangan, kebiasaan makan, dan densitas gizi pada masyarakat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Jawa Barat. Penelitian Gizi Makanan 37(1):33-42.
Jensen HH, Nusser SM, Riddick H, Sands L. 1992. A critique of two methods for assessing the nutrient adequacy of diets. J Nutr Educ 24(3):123-129.
Jung SK, Kim MK, Lee YH, Shin DH, Shin MH, Chun BY, Choi BY. 2013. Lower zinc bioavailability may be related to higher risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean adults. PLoS ONE 8(11):1-11.
Kennedy G, Fanou-Fogny N, Seghieri C, Arimond M, Koreissi Y, Dossa R, Kok FJ, Brouwer ID. 2010. Food groups associated with a composite measure of probability of adequate intake of 11 micronutrients in the diets of women in urban Mali. J Nutr 140(11):2070S-2078S.
Lauzon B De, Volatier JL, Martin A. 2004. A Monte Carlo simulation to validate the EAR cut-point method for assessing the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy at the population level. Pub Health Nutr 7(7):893-900.
Lee DER. 2014. Children' s Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia: Consideration of Quality as Well as Quantity of Children's Protein Consumption in Southeast Asia. Wharton Research Sholars 115.
Leyshon BJ, Radlowski EC, Mudd AT, Steelman AJ, Johnson RW. 2016. Postnatal iron deficiency alters brain development in piglets. J Nutr 146(7):1420-1427.
Lim KHC, Riddell LJ, Nowson CA, Booth AO, Szymlek-Gay EA 2013. Iron and zinc nutrition in the economically-developed world: A review. Nutrients 5(8):3184-3211.
Madanijah S, Briawan D, Rimbawan, Zulaikhah. 2013. Defisiensi multi zat gizi mikro kombinasi dengan defisiensi protein pada ibu pra hamil, hamil dan menyusui di Bogor, in SEMNAS PAGI 2013, Biokimia Gizi, Gizi Klinis dan Dietetik, halaman :153-162. Jakarta.
Mauludyani AVR, Matianto D, Baliwati YF. 2008. Pola konsumsi dan permintaan pangan pokok berdasarkan analisis data susenas 2005. J Gizi Pangan 3(2):101-117.
Morgan NK, Choct M. 2016. Cassava: Nutrient composition and nutritive value in poultry diets. Anim Nutr 2(4):253-261.
Murphy SP, Poos MI. 2002. Dietary Reference Intakes: summary of applications in dietary assessment. Pub Health Nutr 5(6A):843-849.
National Academy of Sciences. 1986. Nutrient Adequacy: Assesment Using Food Consumption Survey. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
Perdana SM, Hardinsyah, Damayanthi E. 2014. Alternatif indeks gizi seimbang untuk penilaian mutu gizi konsumsi pangan wanita dewasa Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 9(15):43-50.
Pusparini P, Ernawati F, Hardinsyah, Briawan D. 2016. Indeks massa tubuh rendah pada awal kehamilan dan defisiensi vitamin A pada trimester kedua sebagai faktor risiko
gangguan pertumbuhan linier pada bayi lahir. J Gizi Pangan 11(3):191-200.
Tang J, Wang R, Zhong H, Yu B, Chen Y. 2014. Vitamin A and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological stu-dies. World J Surg Oncol12(130):1-9.
Theobald HE. 2005. Dietary calcium and health. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin 30(3):237-277.
Wang et al.2015. Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of fetal growth restriction: a population-based birth cohort study. Scientific Reports 5(1):1-10.
Wang X, Chen H, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhao G, Bao W, Yan M. 2014. Dietary calcium intake and mortality risk from cardiovascular disease and all causes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Medicine 12(158):1-10.
WHO 2009. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005.
WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deciency. Geneva: WHO.
Yu N, Su X, Wang Z, Dai B, Kang J 2015. Assciation of dietary vitamin A and β-carotene intake with the risk of lung cancer: A Meta-analysis of 19 publications. Nutrients. 7(11):9309-9324.
Authors
PrasetyoT. J., HardinsyahH., BaliwatiY. F., & SukandarD. (2018). The application of probability method to estimate micronutrient deficiencies prevalence of Indonesian adults. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 13(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2018.13.1.17-26
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