Trichoderma Asal Akar Kopi Dari Alor: Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Keefektifannya Menghambat Colletotrichum Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa secara in Vitro
Abstract
Trichoderma of Coffee Roots From Alor: Morphological characteristic and in vitro Efficacy to Inhibit Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose
Trichoderma is a fungus capable of intimate associations with plant root systems including on coffee plants. This aim of study is to determine the characteristics of Trichoderma morphospecies from coffee roots of Alor origin, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and its ability to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose disease in-vitro. Root samples of healthy coffee plants were taken from the location of coffee plantations in Alor District, NTT. Isolation of Trichoderma fungi from coffee roots was done by incubating the sterilized coffee roots in a layer of moist filter paper in a Petri dish for seven days. Identification of Trichoderma by observing the characteristics of the colony on the medium of potato dextrose agar (PDA) and microscopic media using microcultures (slide culture). Inhibition of Trichoderma fungi against Colletotrichum was tested by multiple culture methods on PDA media. The results of root incubation in humid conditions showed that there was four morphospecies of Trichoderma fungi, each of which had different characteristic specifications. In vitro antagonism in test on PDA medium, the first three morphospecies against Colletotrichum showed that each Trichoderma could inhibit 70.2%, 65.8%, and 63.3%, respectively, five days after inoculation. This data shows that Trichoderma isolated from coffee roots from Alor has the potential to suppress the growth of anthracnose pathogens.
Downloads
References
Alfizar A, Marlina M, Susanti F. 2013. Kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma sp. terhadap beberapa jamur patogen in vitro. J Floratek. 8(1):45–51.
Chaverri P, Gazis RO, Samuels GJ. 2011. Trichoderma amazonicum, a new endophytic species on Hevea brasiliensis and H. guianensisfrom the Amazon basin. Mycologia. 103:139–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3852/10-078.
Erwanti, Mardius Y, Habazar T, Bachtiar A. 2003. Studi kemampuan isolat-isolat jamur Trichoderma spp. yang beredar di Sumatera Barat untuk mengendalikan jamur patogen Sclerotium roflsii pada bibit cabai. Prosiding Kongres Nasional XVI dan Seminar Ilmiah PFI; 2003 Agu 22-24. Bogor.
Evans HC, Holmes KA, Thomas SE. 2003. Endophytes and mycoparasites associated with an indigenous forest tree, Theobroma gileri, in Ecuador and a preliminary assessment of their potential asbiocontrol agents of cocoa diseases. Mycological Progress. 2(2):149–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-006-0053-4.
Gusnawaty H, Taufik M, Herman H. 2014.Efektifitas Trichoderma indigenus Sulawesi Tenggara sebagai biofungisida terhadap Colletotrichum sp. secara in-vitro. Jurnal Agroteknos. 4(1):38–43.
Hakkar AA, Rosmana A, Rahim MD. 2014. Pengendalian penyakit busuk buah Phytophthora pada kakao dengan cendawan endofit Trichoderma asperellum. J Fitopatol Indones. 10:139–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.10.5.139.
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M. 2004. Trichoderma species -opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature reviews microbiology. 2(1):43–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro797.
Mulaw TB, Kubicel CP, Druzhinina IS. 2010. The rhizozphereof coffea arabica in its native highland forests of Ethiopia provides a niche for a distinguished diversity of Trichoderma. Diversity. 2:527–549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/d2040527.
Mulaw TB, Druzhinina IS, Kubicel CP, Atanasova L. 2013. Novel endophytic Trichoderma spp. isolated from healthy coffea arabica roots are capable of controlling coffee tracheomycosis. Diversity. 5:750-766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/d5040750.
Nurbailis, Winarto, Panko A. 2015. Penapisan cendawan antagonis indigenos rizosfer Jahe dan uji daya hambatnya terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi. J Fitopatol Indones. 11:9–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.13.1.9.
Prayudi B, Budiman A, Rystham MA,Rina Y. 2000. Trichoderma harzianum isolat Kalimantan Selatan agensia pengendali hawar pelepah daun padi dan layu semai kedelai di lahan pasang surut. Prosiding Simposium Penelitian Tanaman Pangan IV; Banjarbaru.
Rosmana A, Samuels GJ, Ismaiel A, Ibrahim ES, Chaverri P, Herawati Y, Asman A. 2015. Trichoderma asperellum: a dominant endophyte species in cacao grown in Sulawesi with potential for controlling vascular streak dieback disease. Tropical Plant Pathology. 40(1):19–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-015-0004-1.
Samuels GJ, Dodd SL, Gams W, Castlebury LA, Petrini O. 2002. Trichoderma species associated with the green mold epidemic ofcommercially grown Agaricus bisporus. Mycologia. 94:146–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833257.
Samuels GJ, Hebbar PK. 2015. Trichoderma, Identification and Agricultural Application. Minnesota (US): APS.
Simarmata R, Lekatompessy S, Sukiman H. 2007. Isolasi mikroba endofitik dari tanaman obat sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) dan analisis potensinya sebagai antimikroba. Berk Penel Hayati. 13:85–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.13.1.200714.
Taufiq E. 2012. Potensi Trichoderma spp dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pucuk vanili di pembibitan. Buletin RISTRI. 3:49–56.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
