Karakterisasi Cendawan Rizosfer Kebun Jeruk Organik dan Potensinya dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Botryodiplodia theobromae dan Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Abstract
Characterization of Soil Rhizospheric Fungi on Citrus Plantation and Their Potential to Inhibiting the Growth of Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
The rhizosphere soil around the roots of citrus plants has microorganisms, one of which is a fungus. The aim of this study was to identify the rhizosphere fungi of Siam Pontianak organic citrus gardens and their potential to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The characterization of the fungus was carried out by evaluating its growth at different temperatures, humidity and pH levels, then an antagonist test was performed on C. gloeosporioides and B. theobromae. The fungi obtained from the rhizosphere of Siam Pontianak citrus organic farming were Fusarium sp., Fusidium sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp. All rhizosphere fungi grow optimally at pH 4.5–5.5, temperature 20–30 ℃ and humidity 60–80%. The fungus Penicillium sp. had the highest ability to inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides (83.66%), while Trichoderma sp. able to inhibit the growth of the highest pathogen B. theobromae (92.04%). Further studies are needed before applying the obtained fungal isolates as biocontrol agents for C. gloeosporioides and B. theobromae.
Downloads
References
Alfizar, Marlina, Susanti F. 2013. Kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma sp. terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen in vitro. Jurnal Floratek. 8(1):45–51.
Barnett HL, Hunter BB. 1998. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi 4th ed. Minnesota (US): American Phytopathologycal Society Press.
Chalimatus HSC. 2013. Efektivitas jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan mikroba kotoran sapi pada pengomposan limbah sludge pabrik kertas [skripsi]. Semarang (ID): Universitas Negeri Semarang.
De Marco JL, Felix CR. 2002. Characterization of a protease produced by a Trichoderma harzianum isolate which controls cocoa plant witches` broom disease. BMC Biochemistry. 3:1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-3-3.
Dwiastuti ME, Agustina D, Triasih U. 2016. Keanekaragaman hayati penyakit busuk batang jeruk (Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.) di Jawa Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional II Kerjasama Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP dengan Pusat Studi Lingkungan dan Kependudukan (PSLK) Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang; 2016 Mar 26; Malang (ID): Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Hlm. 94–109.
Kadek IS, I Made S, I Ketut S. 2015. Pengendalian penyakit antraknosa (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) pada buah jeruk siam (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) dengan menggunakan minyak atsiri cengkeh dan sereh dapur. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika. 4(1):16–24.
Limón MC, Chacón MR, Mejías R, Delgado-Jarana J, Rincón AM, Codón AC, Benítez T. 2004. Increased antifungal and chitinase specific activities of Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 by addition of a cellulose binding domain. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology. 64(5):675–685. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1538-6.
Makut MD, Owolewa OA. 2011. Antibiotic producing fungi present in the soil environment of Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Trakia Journal of Scinece. 9(2):33–39.
Nurbailis, Martinus, Azniza V. 2014. Keanekaragaman jamur pada rizosfer tanaman cabai sistem konvensional dan organik dan potensinya sebagai agen pengendali hayati Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika. 14(1):16–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11416-24.
Nurhayati D. 2011. Penggunaan cendawan dan bakteri dalam pengendalian penyakit tanaman secara hayati yang ramah lingkungan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Rapat Tahunan Dekan Bidang Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian BKS-PTN Wilayah Barat; 2011 Mei 23–25; Palembang (ID): Universitas Sriwijaya. Hlm. 316–321.
Octriana L. 2011. Potensi agen hayati dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara in vitro. Buletin Plasma Nutfah. 17(2):138–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p138-142.
Purwati, Hamidah. 2019. Biodiversitas mikrob rizosfer tanaman jeruk keprok Borneo Prima (Citrus reticulata cv Borneo Prima). Jurnal Agrifarm. 7(2):50–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v7i2.431.
Rajesh RW, Rahul MS, Ambalal NS. 2016. Trichoderma: A significant fungus for agriculture and environment. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 11(22):1952–1965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.10584.
Ristiari NP, Julyasih KS, Suryanti IA. 2019. Isolasi dan identifikasi jamur mikroskopis pada rizosfer tanaman jeruk siam (Citrus nobilis Lour.) di Kecamatan Kintamani, Bali. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Undiksha. 6(1):10–19.
Shahid M, Srivastava M, Pandey S, Singh A, Kumar V, Srivastava Y. 2014. Biocontrol mecanisms by Trichoderma through genomik and proteomik analysisn: a review. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 8(33):3064–3069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2014.6951.
Sindhu R, Suprabha NG, Shashidhar S. 2011. Media engineering for the production of cellulase from Penicillium species (SBSS 30) under solid state fermentation. Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Bioengineering. 1:343–349.
Suniti NW, Suada IK, Sudarma IM. 2016. Epidemi penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman jeruk nipis [(Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] di Desa Kertalangu, Kecamatan Denpasar Timur. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika. 5(1):112–122.
Vasanthakumari MM, Shivanna MB. 2013. Biological control of anthracnose of chilli with rhizosphere and rhizoplane fungal isolates from grasses. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection. 46(14):1641–1666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.771901.
Verdin A, Sahraoui AL, Durand R. 2004. Degradation of benzo [a] pyrene by mitosporic fungi and extracellular oxidative enzymes. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 53(2):65–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2003.12.001.
Watanabe T. 2002. Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi. 2nd Edition CRC Press LLC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420040821.
Wibowo A, Priyatmojo A, Sutejo MA. 2008. Identifikasi morfologi beberapa spesies jamur Fusarium. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 14(1):7–13
Wu QS, Zou YN, Huang YM. 2013. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora spurca ameliorates effects of waterlogging on growth, root system architecture and antioxidant enzyme activities of citrus seedlings. Fungal Ecology. 6(1):37–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2012.09.002.
Živković S, Stojanović S, Ivanović Ž, Gavrilović V, Popović T, Balaž J. 2010. Screening of antagonistic activity of microorganisms against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Archives of Biological Sciences. 62(3):611–623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1003611Z.
Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
