Keragaman Spesies Colletotrichum yang Berasosiasi dengan Buah Jeruk Impor dan Potensinya Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai, Karet, dan Kakao di Indonesia
Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Assosiated with Imported Citrus Fruits, and their Potential to Infect Chili, Rubber, and Cacao Trees in Indonesia
Abstract
Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Assosiated with Imported Citrus Fruits, and their Potential to Infect Chili, Rubber, and Cacao Trees in Indonesia
Colletotrichum species have been widely reported as causative agents of anthracnose in citrus trees. The importation of citrus fruits brings the risks of introducing introducing species of Colletotrichum new to Indonesian territory. This research was conducted to identify species of Colletotrichum from imported citrus fruits and to evaluate their potential to infect important horticultural and plantation crops in Indonesia. A total of 7 Colletotrichum isolates were isolated from imported citrus fruit from China, Pakistan, and Indonesian local citrus fruit. The Colletotrichum isolates were observed for their morphological and molecular characteristics as well as their pathogenicity on citrus fruit, chili, rubber and cocoa trees. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the MLSA (multilocus sequence analysis) method which combines the ITS, ACT, TUB2 and GAPDH gene loci. Identification of Colletotrichum isolates resulted in one species of the C. boninense complex species (C. karstii) and 3 species of the C. gloeosporioides complex species (C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, and C. siamense). The Colletotrichum isolate from Indonesian citrus was identified as C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto. The C. fructicola strain could infect chilies, while the C. karstii strain could infect chili and cocoa. Strain of C. gloeosporioides s.s. and C. siamense have a wider host range, namely chili, rubber, and cocoa. Several species of Colletotrichum carried by imported citrus fruits could become pathogens in several important crops in Indonesia, including chili, rubber, and cocoa.
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References
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