ESTIMASI BEBAN LIMBAH ORGANIK DARI TAMBAK UDANG SUPERINTENSIF YANG TERBUANG DI PERAIRAN TELUK LABUANGE
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budidaya udang, estimasi limbah organik, teknologi superintensif
Abstrak
Pencemaran lingkungan oleh limbah organik mengandung nitrogen (N) dan fosfat (P) yang bersumber dari tambak udang superintensif karena penggunaan pakan yang banyak merupakan masalah serius dalam pengembangan teknologi superintensif di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi jumlah pakan yang terbuang ke lingkungan selama budidaya di tambak superintensifdan untuk mengestimasi jumlah limbah N dan P yang terbuang ke lingkungan dari kegiatan budidaya superintensif. Metode penelitian dilakukan sebanyak 3 tahap; tahap pertama dilakukan pada tambak superintensif selama 76 hari dengan melakukan budidaya udang superintensif dengan kepadatan 600 ekor/m2 selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan pakan yang terbuang. Tahap kedua adalah melakukan uji kecernaan udang skala laboratorium dan tahap ketiga adalah penelitian ekskresi udang skala laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pakan tidak termakan yang terbuang ke lingkungan dari tambak superintensif sebesar 24,32% dari total pakan yang digunakan. Beban limbah organik dari tambak udang superintensif yang terbuang ke perairan Teluk Labuange sebesar 3,89 ton terdiri dari limbah organik mengandung N sebesar 3,61 ton/tahun dengan rerata buangan ke perairan 10,31 kg/hari, dan limbah organik mengandung P sebesar 0,28 ton/tahun dengan rerata buangan ke perairan 0,81 kg/hari. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perairan Teluk Labuange telah mengalami tekanan limbah organik yang berasal dari kegiatan tambak udang superintensif.
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Penulis
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