Tinjauan Perencanaan Strategis Infrastruktur Biru-Hijau Perkotaan di Kawasan Asia Tenggara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v18i2.64729Keywords:
Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI), intelligent adaptation , nature-based solutions , landscape planning strategyAbstract
The increasing complexity of climate change demands smart adaptation strategies and integrated mitigation efforts. Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) has emerged as an effective approach to support these efforts. However, understanding the planning stages of BGI, particularly in densely populated urban areas with informal settlements vulnerable to hydrometeorological hazards in Southeast Asia, are still limited. This study aims to formulate an optimal BGI planning framework integrating landscape design strategy through systematic literature analysis. Publication metadata using the keyword “Blue-Green Infrastructure in Southeast Asia” was harvested through Publish or Perish, filtered using Mendeley, and analysed bibliometrically using VOSviewer to map topic interconnections. This study signaled that there are three countries whom successfully implemented BGI as part of Nature base Solutions adopted from Climate Change Smart Adaptation principles. A “learning by doing” approach was applied in the cross-case analysis, revealing patterns, similarities, and differences in BGI practices. Despite variations in definitions and planning sequences, a common structural pattern was successfully identified. The proposed planning strategy includes: identifying climate impacts, delineating risk areas, strengthening existing elements, integrating new components, spatial modelling, and formulating a maintenance document as a long-term adaptation strategy. This study highlights knowledge gaps and proposes a contextual framework relevant for BGI implementation through landscape planning strategies in informal urban settlements of Southeast Asia’s through an applied and iterative learning approach.
Downloads
References
Abdulateef MF, Al-Alwan HAS. 2022. Planning Steps of Urban Green Infrastructure in Existing Cities. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 21(4): 465–478. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7815 .
Agus F, Irawan I, Suganda H, Wahyunto W, Setiyanto A, Kundarto M. 2006. Environmental Multifunctionality of Indonesian Agriculture. Paddy and Water Environment 4(4): 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-006-0047-5.
Ahern J. 2014. Green Infrastructure for Cities: the Spatial Dimension. Di dalam: Cities of the Future:Towards Integrated Sustainable Water and Landscape Management. IWA Publishing. hlm. 267–283.
Angeles JV V. 2014. Water Quality Modelling for Recreational Use in the Kallang River Basin, Singapore. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Arifin HS, Kaswanto RL. 2023. Manajemen Ruang Terbuka Biru untuk Pengendali Banjir. IPB Press. Bogor.
Ariyaningsih, Sukmara RB, Pratomo RA, Wijaya N, Shaw R. 2024. Blue-Green Infrastructure for Flood Resilience: Case Study of Indonesia. Di dalam: Blue-Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Settlements. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. hlm. 247–273.
Aziizah NA, Budiarti T. 2024. Evaluasi Fungsi Ekologis Taman Kota pada Lanskap Riparian Sungai Cimanuk, Indramayu. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 16(2): 109–116. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v16i2.44391.
C40CITIES. 2020. The Green Bangkok 2030 Project. C40. [diunduh 2026 Jun 15]. Tersedia pada: https://www.c40.org/case-studies/the-green-bangkok-2030-project/
Czerniak J, Hargreaves G. 2007. Large Parks. Czerniak J, Hargreaves G, editor. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
Davoudi S. 2009. Framing the Role of Spatial Planning in Climate Change. Report No.: 43.
Demuzere M, Orru K, Heidrich O, Olazabal E, Geneletti D, Orru H, Bhave AG, Mittal N, Feliu E, Faehnle M. 2014. Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change: Multi-Functional and Multi-scale Assessment of Green Urban infrastructure. Journal of Environmental Management 146: 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.025.
Dewi AP, Arifin HS, Munibah K, Machfud M, Kaswanto RL, Nurhayati, Septian DE, Prawira SK. 2026. Quantifying Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Spaces Using i-Tree Canopy: Evidence from a Rapidly Urbanizing Region in Indonesia. Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology 27(6): 59-75. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/220998
Esmail BA, Suleiman L. 2020. Analyzing Evidence of Sustainable Urban Water Management Systems: A Review Through the Lenses of Sociotechnical Transitions. Sustain 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114481.
Fazali MFA, Arifin HS, Kaswanto RL. 2025. Pengelolaan Situ sebagai Ruang Terbuka Biru yang Berkelanjutan di Sekitar Kawasan Kampus IPB. Jurnal Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan 12(2): 95-107. https://doi.org/10.29244/jkebijakan.v12i2.63018
Felson AJ, Pickett ST. 2005. Designed Experiments: New Approaches to Studying Urban Ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3(10): 549–556. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0549:DENATS]2.0.CO;2.
Grădinaru SR, Hersperger AM. 2019. Green Infrastructure in Strategic Spatial Plans: Evidence from European Urban Regions. Urban For. Urban Green 40(May 2018): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.04.018.
Gupta K, Ghale B, Sarath R, Kaur R, Roy A. 2024. Understanding the Role of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Abatement of Urban Heat Island Effect. Di dalam: Joshi PK, Rao KS, Bhadouria R, Tripathi S, Singh R, editor. Blue-Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Settlements. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. hlm. 83–109.
Hakim AL, Sulistyantara B. 2024. Perencanaan Green Infrastructure pada Kawasan Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Lebak Bulus, Jakarta Selatan. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 16(2): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v16i2.39278.
Hamel P, Tan L. 2022. Blue–Green Infrastructure for Flood and Water Quality Management in Southeast Asia: Evidence and Knowledge Gaps. Environmental Management 69(4): 699–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01467-w.
Hamzens WPS, Moestopo MW. 2018. Pengembangan Potensi Pertanian Perkotaan di Kawasan Sungai Palu. Jurnal Pengembangan Kota 6(1): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpk.6.1.75-83.
Hansen R, Pauleit S. 2014. From Multifunctionality to Multiple Ecosystem Services? A Conceptual Framework for Multifunctionality in Green Infrastructure Planning for Urban Areas. Ambio 43(4): 516–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2.
Harlis TA, Seo SB. 2024. Land Suitability Analysis for Blue-Green Infrastructure Implementation in an Urban Stormwater Management System in Surabaya, Indonesia. Water Science & Technology 90(5): 1501–1519. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.265.
Hatt BE, Fletcher TD, Deletic A. 2008. Hydraulic and Pollutant Removal Performance of Fine Media Stormwater Filtration Systems. Environmental Science & Technology. 42(7): 2535–2541. https://doi.org/10.1021/es071264p.
van Horen B. 2005. City Profile Hanoi. Cities 22(2): 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.01.006.
Hunt A, Watkiss P. 2011. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Cities: A Review of the Literature. Climatic Change 104(1):13–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9975-6.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2022. Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C Above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change,. Ed ke-1st Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner H-O, Roberts D, Skea J, Shukla PR, editor. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, New Delhi, Singapore: Cambridge University Press.
International Energy Agency. 2024. https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/space-cooling. Energy Syst. [diunduh 2026 Jun 15]. Tersedia pada: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/space-cooling
Joshi P, Leitão JP, Maurer M, Bach PM. 2021. Not All SuDS are Created Equal: Impact of Different Approaches on Combined Sewer Overflows. Water Research 191:116780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116780.
Kato S, Ahern J. 2008. Learning by Doing: Adaptive Planning as a Strategy to Address Uncertainty in Planning. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 51(4): 543–559. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560802117028.
Kaushik P, Kakoty S. 2025. Is the Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) Key to Sustainable Development of South Asian Cities? Di dalam: Anand S, Bhattacharyya R, Das M, Das TK, Pradhan PK, editor. Sustainability in South Asian Cities. Springer Nature Singapore. hlm. 19–36.
Lennon M, Scott M. 2014. Delivering ecosystems Services Via Spatial Planning: Reviewing the Possibilities and Implications of a Green Infrastructure Approach. Town Planning Review 85(5): 563–587. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2014.35.
Liao KH. 2019. The Socio-ecological Practice of Building Blue-Green Infrastructure in High-density Cities: What Does the ABC Waters Program in Singapore Tell Us? Socio-Ecological Practice Research 1: 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-019-00009-3.
Limthongsakul S, Nitivattananon V, Arifwidodo SD. 2017. Localized Flooding and Autonomous Adaptation in Peri-Urban Bangkok. Environment and Urbanization 29(1): 51–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816683854.
Lourdes KT, Gibbins CN, Hamel P, Sanusi R, Azhar B, Lechner AM. 2021. A Review of Urban Ecosystem Services Research in Southeast Asia. Land 10(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10010040.
Luke SH, Slade EM, Gray CL, Annammala KV., Drewer J, Williamson J, Agama AL, Ationg M, Mitchell SL, Vairappan CS, et al. 2019. Riparian Buffers in Tropical Agriculture: Scientific Support, Effectiveness and Directions for Policy. Journal of Applied Ecology 56(1): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13280.
Luo P, Mu D, Xue H, Ngo-Duc T, Dang-Dinh K, Takara K, Nover D, Schladow G. 2018. Flood Inundation Assessment for the Hanoi Central Area, Vietnam under Historical and Extreme Rainfall Conditions. Sci. Rep. 8(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30024-5.
Marteau B, Gibbins C, Batalla RJ, Vericat D. 2018. Review of good practice in managing riverbank instability and erosion - A WWF-Malaysia Report.
McElwee P. 2010. The Social Dimensions of Adaptation to Climate Change in Vietnam. Washington.
Meerow S. 2020. The Politics of Multifunctional Green Infrastructure Planning in New York City. Cities. 100(January):102621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102621.
Mell IC. 2010. Green Infrastructure: Concepts, Perceptions. Newcastle University.
Mukim M, Roberts M. 2023. Thriving: Making Cities Green, Resilient, and Inclusive in a Changing Climate. Mukim M, Roberts M, editor. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
National Academy of Sciences. 2014. Climate Change - Evidence and Causes: An Overview from the Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Ngoc NH. 2024. Study on Blue-Green Infrastructure Network to Reduce Local Flooding in Central Hanoi, Vietnam. University of Kitakyushu Faculty.
O’Donnell EC, Gosling SN, Netusil NR, Shun Chan FK, Dolman NJ. 2021. Perceptions of Blue-Green and Grey Infrastructure as Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Urban Water Resilience. Journal of the British Academy 9(S9): 143–182. https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s9.143.
Payne E, Fowdar H, Marthanty DR, Pawitan H, Marsudiantoro D, McCarthy D. 2019. Application of Green Infrastructure for Water Management in Bogor: a Review. Holden J, editor.
Pramanik M, Kumar A, Paramanik S. 2024. Urban Green Infrastructure Planning for the Bangkok Metropolitan Region: An Empirical Study for Greenspace Expansion. Qeios.(June): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.32388/15YZL3.
Pramanik M, Singh P, Dhiman RC. 2021. Identification of Bio-Climatic Determinants and Potential Risk Areas for Kyasanur Forest Disease in Southern India Using MaxEnt Modelling Approach. BMC Infectious Diseases 21(1): 1226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06908-9.
Pratiwi RD, Fatimah IS, Munandar A. 2019. Persepsi dan Preferensi Masyarakat terhadap Infrastruktur Hijau Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 11(1): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v11i1.20563.
Public Utilities Board Singapore. 2024a. Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Design Guidelines – 5th Edition. Ed ke-5. Singapore: Public Utilities Board Singapore.
Public Utilities Board Singapore. 2024b. Managing Urban Runoff: Drainage Handbook. Ed ke-2nd. Singapore: Public Utilities Board (PUB) and the Institution of Engineers Singapore (IES).
Saleh M, Fitriaty P, Bassaleng AJR. 2025. Performance of Green Roofs on Building Energy Efficiency in Tropical and Subtropical Climates. Technium Social Sciences Journal 68(4): 316–331. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v68i1.12411
Sanusi R, Jalil M. 2021. Blue-Green Infrastructure Determines the Microclimate Mitigation Potential Targeted for Urban Cooling. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918(1): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012010.
Satterthwaite D, Archer D, Colenbrander S, Dodman D, Hardoy J, Mitlin D, Patel S. 2020. Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements. One Earth 2(2): 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.02.002.
Tran D, Xu D, Dang V, Alwah AAQ. 2020. Predicting Urban Waterlogging Risks by Regression Models and Internet Open-data sources. Water (Switzerland) 12(3): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12030879.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2016. The world’s cities in 2016.
United Nations Habitat. 2025. Climate Change. [diunduh 2026 Jun 27]. Tersedia pada: https://unhabitat.org/topic/climate-change
Walsh CJ, Fletcher TD, Bos DG, Imberger SJ. 2015. Restoring a Stream Through Retention of Urban Stormwater Runoff: A Catchment-scale Experiment in a Social-ecological System. Freshwater Science 34(3): 1161–1168. https://doi.org/10.1086/682422.
Zhang K, Deletic A, Dotto CBS, Allen R, Bach PM. 2020. Modelling a ‘Business Case’ for Blue-Green Infrastructure: Lessons from the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit. Blue-Green Systems 2(1): 383–403. https://doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2020.018.
Zhang K, Manuelpillai D, Raut B, Deletic A, Bach PM. 2019. Evaluating the Reliability of Stormwater Treatment Systems Under Various Future Climate Conditions. Journal of Hydrology 568(June 2018): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.056.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Saleh, Puteri Fitriaty, Irdinal Arief
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal. However, after the article is submitted and published in this journal, it is fully copyrighted by the Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia or JLI. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author must obtain written permission from the copyright owner and give credit to the source in the article. Then, the writer or reader is allowed to copy, share, and redistribute articles/material in any form. But it must still include the appropriate source and credit because the article in this journal is licensed by Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
I. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
II. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
