Analisis Nilai Kehijauan Berdasarkan Pengukuran Komputasi dan Persepsi Manusia pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Pekanbaru, Riau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v17i1.57392Keywords:
Greenery Values, Green Open Space, Spatial Analysis, Human PerceptionAbstract
Along with economic development, there have been changes in land use, resulting in forests, green space, and agricultural land conversion into residential and industrial/commercial areas in many cities. Due to the reduction in green space, efforts have been made in urban planning to restore greenery around residential neighborhoods in many metropolitan areas. The government has made several efforts to regulate urban development planning to ensure sustainability. One of the efforts is the implementation of Law No. 26 of 2007, which mandates that at least 30% of the city's area must be designated as Green Open Space (GOS). The Green City Development Program (P2KH) implemented the law in several cities, including Pekanbaru, the capital of Riau Province, Indonesia. This study aims to measure the impact of the Green City program implementation on the increase or decrease in the area of GOS in Pekanbaru City and and to analyze the quality of Greenery Values of GOS in Pekanbaru City based on human perception and computational measurement. This research analyzes Land Use Cover Change (LUCC) post-P2KH in Pekanbaru and compares mapping methods with human perceptions of greenery at randomly selected locations. Using QGIS 3.36.0 and the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method, the study found that the decline in Green Open Spaces in Pekanbaru has leveled off from 11.85% before P2KH to 6.59% after P2KH, and the increase in built-up areas has slowed from 12.58% to 6.2%. Computational measurements, such as NDVI, and human perceptions reveal that Pekanbaru's GOS need improvements in safety, comfort, aesthetic quality, and biodiversity. This research indicates that the P2KH has mitigated the high rate of land cover and land use changes in Pekanbaru.
Downloads
References
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Pekanbaru. 2023. Pekanbaru Dalam Angka 2023.
[Permen Agraria] Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau. 2022.
[Permen PUPR] Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 05/PRT/M/2008 Tahun 2008 tentang Pedoman Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Perkotaan. 2008.
[SNI] Standar Nasional Indonesia. 2010. Klasifikasi Penutup lahan. Jakarta. Indonesia.
[UU] Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang. 2007.
Afrianti C, Widiarti NM, Akbar IZ, Rachmanto EP, Hanif MF, Amin RA, Kaswanto RL, Wiyoga H, Mosyaftiani A. 2024. An Assessment of Urban Forest Landscape Services for Green Space Management Improvement in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. BIO Web of Conferences 94: 04006. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249404006
Aoki Y, Yasuoka Y, Naito M. 1985. Assessing the Impression of Street‐Side Greenery. Landscape Research 10(1): 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426398508706131
Arkham HS, Arifin HS, Kaswanto RL. 2014. Strategi Pengelolaan Lanskap Ruang Terbuka Biru di Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 6(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v6i1.18125
Ayyubi MS, Arifin HS, Kaswanto RL. 2024. Rekomendasi Strategi Pengelolaan Lanskap Publik Ruang Terbuka Hijau dan Biru di Kota Bogor. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan 11(2):102-112. https://doi.org/10.29244/jkebijakan.v11i2.57137
Barreto-Martin C, Sierra-Parada R, Calderón-Rivera D, Jaramillo-Londono A, Mesa-Fernández D. 2021. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Hydrological Response to Land Cover Changes in the Sub-basin of the Chicú River, Colombia. Heliyon 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07358
Bowring J. 2020. Landscape Architecture Criticism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429450983
Budiman A, Sulistyantara B, Zain AF. 2014. Deteksi Perubahan Ruang Terbuka Hijau pada 5 Kota Besar di Pulau Jawa. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 6(1): 7-15. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.2014.6.1.7-15
Camacho-Cervantes M, Schondube JE, Castillo, MacGregor-Fors I. 2014. How Do People Perceive Urban Trees? Assessing Likes and Dislikes in Relation to the Trees of a City. Urban Ecosystems 17: 761-773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0343-6
Campbell B, Wynne RH. 2011. Introduction to Remote Sensing. Guilford Press.
Carlson TN, Ripley DA. 1997. On the Relation between NDVI, Fractional Vegetation Cover, and Leaf Area Index. Remote Sens Environ. 62(3):241–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00104-1.
Chong KY, Te S, Kurukulasuriya B, Chung YF, Rajathurai S, dan Tan HT. 2014. Not All Green is as Good: Different effects of the Natural and Cultivated Components of Urban Vegetation on Bird and Butterfly Diversity. Biological Conservation 171: 299-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.037
Clevenger P, Chruszcz B, Gunson KE. 2001. Highway Mitigation Fencing Reduces Wildlife-vehicle Collisions. Wildlife Society Bulletin 646-653. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3784191.
Congedo L 2016. Semi-automatic classification plugin documentation. https://buildmedia.readthedocs.org/media/pdf/semiautomaticclassificationmanual-v5-fa/latest/semiautomaticclassificationmanual-v5-fa.pdf.
Cozens PM, Saville G, Hillier D. 2005. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED): A Review and Modern Bibliography. Property Management 23(5): 328-356. https://doi.org/10.1108/02637470510631483
Dewanti R, Maulana T, Budhiman S, Zainuddin F, Munyati M. 1999. Kondisi Hutan Mangrove di Kalimantan Timur, Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Maluku. Maj LAPAN 1(1).
Faradilla E, Kaswanto RL, Arifin HS. 2018. Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Ruang Terbuka Hijau dan Ruang Terbuka Biru di Sentul City, Bogor. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 9(2):101-109. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v9i2.17398
Ferraro KF, 1995. Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk. SUNY press.
Fong KC, Hart JE, James P. 2018. A Review of Epidemiologic Studies on Greenness and Health: Updated Literature through 2017. Current Environmental Health Reports 5: 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-018-0179-y
Gupta K, Kumar P, Pathan S, Sharma KP. 2012. Urban Neighborhood Green Index–A Measure of Green Spaces in Urban Areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 105(3): 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.01.003
Hoyle H, Hitchmough J, Jorgensen A. 2017a. All About the ‘Wow Factor’? The Relationships between Aesthetics. Restorative Effect and Perceived Biodiversity in Designed Urban Planting. Landscape and Urban Planning 164: 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.011
Hoyle H, Hitchmough J, Jorgensen A. 2017b. Attractive Climate-Adapted and Sustainable? Public Perception of Non-Native Planting in the Designed Urban Landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning 164: 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.009
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70809705
Huijser, MP, Kociolek AV, McGowen PT, Ament R, Hardy A, Clevenger AP. 2007. Wildlife-Vehicle Collision and Crossing Mitigation Measures: A Toolbox for the Montana Department of Transportation. https://doi.org/10.21949/1518298
Jim CY, Shan X. 2013. Socioeconomic Effect on Perception of Urban Green Spaces in Guangzhou China. Cities 31: 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.06.017
Joga N, Ismaun I. 2011. RTH 30%! Resolusi (Kota) Hijau. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kaplan R, Kaplan S. 1989. The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Kaplan R. 1992. Environmental Preference in a Knowledge-Seeking, Knowledge-Using Organism. In JH Barkow, L Cosmides, J Tooby (Eds.). The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture (pp. 581-598). Oxford University Press.
Kaplan S. 1987. Aesthetics, Affect, and Cognition: Environmental Preference from an Evolutionary Perspective. Environment and Behavior 19(1): 3-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916587191001
Kaplan S. 1995. The Restorative Benefits of Nature: Toward an Integrative Framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology 15(3) 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2
Keraf ED, Ichsan AC. 2023. Identifikasi Jenis Tanaman Pakan Imago Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) di Joben Eco Park Taman Nasional Gunung Rinjani. Prosiding SAINTEK 5: 105-119. https://doi.org/10.29303/saintek.v5i1.231
Krellenberg K, Welz J, Reyes-Päcke S. 2014. Urban Green Areas and Their Potential for Social Interaction–A Case Study of a Socio-Economically Mixed Neighbourhood in Santiago de Chile. Habitat International 44: 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.04.004
Kuo FE, Sullivan WC. 2001. Environment and Crime in the Inner City: Does Vegetation Reduce Crime?. Environment and Behavior 33(3): 343-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916501333002
Li D, Sullivan WC. 2016. Impact of Views to School Landscapes on Recovery from Stress and Mental Fatigue. Landscape and Urban Planning 148: 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.015
Li X, Cheng X, Chen W, Chen G, Liu S. 2015. Identification of Forested Landslides using LiDar Data Object-based Image Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms. Remote sensing 7(8): 9705-9726.
Li X, Zhang C, Li W, Ricard R, Meng Q, Zhang W. 2015. Assessing Street-level Urban Greenery Using Google Street View and A Modified Green View index. Urban Forestry dan Urban Greening 14(3): 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.06.006
Liu Y, Xiao T, Liu Y, Yao Y, Wang R. 2021. Natural Outdoor Environments and Subjective Well-Being in Guangzhou, China: Comparing Different Measures of Access. Urban Forestry dan Urban Greening 59: 127027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127027
Long Y, Liu L 2017. How Green are the Streets? An Analysis for Central Areas of Chinese Cities Using Tencent Street View. PloS One 12(2): e0171110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171110
Long Y, Ye Y. 2016. Human-Scale Urban form: Measurements. Performances and Urban Planning dan Design Interventions. South Archit. 36(5). 39-45.
Mayrand F, Clergeau P. 2018. Green Roofs and Green Walls for Biodiversity Conservation: a Contribution to Urban Connectivity?. Sustainability 10(4): 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040985
McCormack GR, Rock M, Toohey AM, Hignell D. 2010. Characteristics of Urban Parks Associated with Park Use and Physical Activity: A Review of Qualitative Research. Health dan Place 16(4): 712-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.03.003
Painter K. 1996. The Influence of Street Lighting Improvements on Crime, Fear and Pedestrian Street Use, After Dark. Landscape and urban planning 35(2-3): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(96)00311-8
Pratiwi LY, Tohjiwa AD, Mildawani I. 2020. Produksi Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik Taman Terpadu dan Respon Warga di Taman Kelurahan Pondok Jaya, Kota Depok. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 12(2):63-72. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v12i2.32521
Rizqiyah UH. 2022. Analisis Persebaran Ruang Terbuka Hijau dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Penurunan Suhu di Kota Pekanbaru (Doctoral dissertation. IPB University). http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/115096
Saputro TH, Fatimah IS, Sulistyantara B. 2010. Studi Pengaruh Area Perkerasan terhadap Perubahan Suhu Udara (studi Kasus Area Parkir Plaza Senayan, Sarinah Thamrin, dan Stasiun Gambir). Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 2(2): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.2010.2.2.%25p
Setiowati R, Hasibuan HS, Koestoer RHT. 2020. Studi Komparasi Perencanaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Perkotaan Antara Jakarta dan Singapura. Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia 12(2):54-62. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.v12i2.32409
Stigsdotter UK, Grahn P. 2002. Experiencing a Garden: A Healing Garden for People Suffering from Burnout Diseases. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234071989_Experiencing_a_Garden_A_Healing_Garden_for_People_Suffering_from_Burnout_Diseases
Tilman D, Knops J, Wedin D, Reich P, Ritchie M, Siemann E. 1997. The Influence of Functional Diversity and Composition on Ecosystem Processes. Science 277(5330): 1300-1302. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5330.1300
Torkko J, Poom A, Willberg E, Toivonen T. 2023. How to Best Map Greenery from a Human Perspective? Comparing Computational Measurements with Human Perception. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities 5: 1160995. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1160995
Tsurumi T, Imauji A, Managi S. 2018. Greenery and Subjective Well-being: Assessing the Monetary Value of Greenery by Type. Ecological Economics. 148:152-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.02.014
Wolf KL. 2005. Business District Streetscapes Trees and Consumer Response. Journal of Forestry 103(8): 396-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/103.8.396
Yang J, Zhao L, Mcbride J, Gong P. 2009. Can You See Green? Assessing the Visibility of Urban Forests in Cities. Landscape and Urban Planning 91(2): 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.12.004
Ye Y, Richards D, Lu Y, Song X, Zhuang Y, Zeng W, Zhong T. 2019. Measuring Daily Accessed Street Greenery: A Human-scale Approach for Informing better urban Planning Practices. Landscape and Urban Planning 191: 103434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.08.028
Zain AF, Pribadi DO, Indraprahasta GS. 2022. Revisiting the Green City Concept in the Tropical and Global South Cities Context: The Case of Indonesia. Frontiers in Environmental Science 10: 787204. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.787204
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This journal permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories both prior to and after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit, if applicable, its publication in this journal. However, after the article is submitted and published in this journal, it is fully copyrighted by the Jurnal Lanskap Indonesia or JLI. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author must obtain written permission from the copyright owner and give credit to the source in the article. Then, the writer or reader is allowed to copy, share, and redistribute articles/material in any form. But it must still include the appropriate source and credit because the article in this journal is licensed by Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
I. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
II. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
