Presence of Antibiotic-Resistant in Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Several Regencies of East Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Staphylococcal mastitis has been reported as a serious dairy disease in various regions around the world. The occurrence of resistant strains in Staphylococcus species to antibiotics has triggered alternative treatment substituting antibiotic usage on the global scene. This study aimed to investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in Staphylococcal subclinical-mastitis cases present in several regencies of East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 592 quarter milk samples were collected from 62 farms in the region with high dairy cattle populations in Lumajang, Banyuwangi, Malang, Sidoarjo, Jember, Pasuruan, Probolinggo, and Mojokerto. Subclinical-mastitis samples were screened using the California mastitis test (CMT). Positive CMT samples were grown on the selective Staphylococcus media and tested for their biochemical properties. The polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in all isolates (Staphylococcus sp) using a specific pair-primer for mecA, blaZ, tetK, and tetM genes. The result showed that about 67% of milk samples were subclinical mastitis in several regencies of East Java. About 17.12% of subclinical mastitis was caused by Staphylococcus species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and other non-aureus Staphylococci (NAS)). The most prevalent region of Staphylococcal subclinical-mastitis was recorded in Jember. However, only NAS species obtained from Mojokerto, Malang, Probolinggo, and Banyuwangi were detected to have a blaZ gene responsible for penicillin resistance. In conclusion, the appearance of the antibiotic-resistant gene in NAS species found in several regencies of East Java can be used as important information to evaluate Staphylococcal subclinical-mastitis treatment.
References
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Harjanti, D. W. & P. Sambodho. 2020. Effects of mastitis on milk production and composition in dairy cows. Earth Environ. Sci. 518:012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/518/1/012032
Heikkilä, A. M., E. Liski, S. Pyörälä, & S. Taponen. 2018. Pathogen-specific production losses in bovine mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 101:9493-9504. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14824
Hoekstra, J., Zomer, A. L., Rutten, V. P. M. G. 2020. Genomic analysis of European bovine Staphylococcus aureus from clinical versus subclinical mastitis. Sci. Rep. 10:18172. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75179-2
Kaniyamattam, K., A. De Vries, L. W. Tauer, & Y. T. Gröhn. 2020. Economics of reducing antibiotic usage for clinical mastitis and metritis through genomic selection. J. Dairy Sci. 103:473-491. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15817
Kerro-Dego, O., T. Prysliak, J. Perez-Casal, & A. A. Potter. 2012. Role of GapC in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus. Vet. Microbiol. 156:443-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.11.018
Khairullah, A. R., D. Raharjo, J. Rahmahani, Suwarno, W. Tyasningsih, & N. Harijani. 2019. Antibiotics resistant at Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp isolated from bovine mastitis in Karangploso, East Java, Indonesia. Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol. 13:451-456. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00329.3
Koop, G., T. Van Werven, H. J. Schuiling, & M. Nielen. 2010. The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci. 93:5809-5817. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3544
Leitner, G., D. Zilberman, E. Papirov, & S. Shefy. 2018. Assessment of acoustic pulse therapy (APT), a non-antibiotic treatment for dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. PLoS ONE 13:e0199195. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199195
Lucia, M., S. Rahayu, D. Haerah, & D. Wahyuni. 2017. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae: Subclinical mastitis causes in dairy cow and dairy buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis). Am. J. Biomed. Res. 5:8-13.
Machado, G. T. P., M. B. Veleirinho, L. A. Honorato, & S. Kuhnen. 2020. Formulation and evaluation of anti-MRSA nanoemulsion loaded with Achyrocline satureioides: A new sustainable strategy for the bovine mastitis. Nano Express 1:030004. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/abbcac
Mahmmod, Y. S., I. C. Klaas, L. Svennesen, K. Pedersen, & H. Ingmer. 2018. Communications of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus Staphylococcus species from bovine intramammary infections and teat apex colonization. J. Dairy Sci. 101:7322-7333. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-14311
Mama, O. M., L. Morales, L. Ruiz-Ripa, M. Zarazaga, & C. Torres. 2020. High prevalence of multidrug resistant S. aureus-CC398 and frequent detection of enterotoxin genes among non-CC398 S. aureus from pig-derived food in Spain. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 320:108510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108510
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Authors
WidianingrumD. C., KhasanahH., & AddyH. S. (2022). Presence of Antibiotic-Resistant in Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Several Regencies of East Java, Indonesia. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 45(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2022.45.1.91
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