The Impact of Zoning and Whale Shark Attraction Tourism Toward Kwatisore Community
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The establishment of a conservation area, especially the area became a national park is not without a problem. Many research has been done in the area of conservation with the result of people who have long lived in the conservation area be marginalized mainly due to the zoning applied to conservation and tourism. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the impact of zoning and tourism to the marginalization of people living in the national park. This research was conducted in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, especially located in the Kwatisore Village, Nabire District of Papua Province. The method used is qualitative method with data collection technique through in-depth interviews. The research finds, first, zoning do not disturb Kwatisore community access toward resources. Second, tourism gained additional income for the local community by selling souvenir, renting boat, and ritual ceremony for tourist attraction. Third, floating capture fisheries and floating net cage changes fisheries technology and gain additional income. So it can be concluded that zoning, and tourism are not marginalized the Kwatisore community.
Keywords: conservation, zoning, tourism, marginalization, community Kwatisore
ABSTRAK
Pembentukan kawasan konservasi, khususnya kawasan yang ditetapkan menjadi taman nasional bukanlah tanpa masalah. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan suatu kawasan menjadi taman nasional berdampak pada terjadinya marginalisasi terhadap masyarakat terutama masyarakat yang telah lama bermukim di kawasan konservasi karena penetapan zonasi dan pariwisata. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih jauh dampak dari zonasi dan pariwisata terhadap marginalisasi masyarakat yang telah bermukim lama di dalam taman nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih khususnya di Kampung Kwatisore, Kabupaten Nabire, Provinsi Papua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, implementasi zonasi di kawasan Perairan Kwatisore tidak mempengaruhi akses komunitas Kwatisore terhadap sumber daya alam. Kedua, adanya pariwisata memberikan penghasilan tambahan terhadap komunitas Kwatisore. Tambahan penghasilan berasal dari penjualan souvenir, penyewaan perahu, dan pengadaan upacara adat penyambutan tamu. Ketiga, dilapangan juga ditemukan bahwa keberadaan bagan dan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) memberikan perubahan terhadap teknologi penangkapan sekaligus juga memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi komunitas Kwatisore. Jadi implementasi zonasi, keberadaan pariwisata, bagan dan KJA tidak menyebabkan terjadinya marginalisasi terhadap komunitas Kwatisore.
Kata kunci: konservasi, zonasi, pariwisata, marginalisasi, komunitas Kwatisore
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