Karakteristik Edible Film Aktif Berbasis Kitosan dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Jati
Article Sidebar
Accepted
29 November 2022
Published
27 June 2023
Keywords:
-
active edible film, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, teak leaves extract
Abstract
Teak tree (Tectona grandis) is a tropical tree whose wood is often used in the furniture industry, while the leaves are still underutilized. Teak leaves possess active compounds with potential to be further explored. On the other hand, currently biodegradable-based packaging is being developed to address environmental problems. For this reason, research was carried out on active edible film made from chitosan with addition of active ingredients from teak leaf extract. This study investigated the physical characteristics (color, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, cell microstructure, water vapor transmission rate) and chemical characteristics (moisture content, functional groups, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity) of active edible film made from chitosan with addition of teak leaf extract. The research consisted of three stages. The first stage included the extraction of teak leaf using ethanol and evaluation of its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The second stage comprised edible film preparation from chitosan at 1 and 1.5% concentrations, and teak leaf extract addition at 0, 0.1, 0.2% concentrations. The third stage was the characterization of active edible film for physical and chemical properties. The results showed that teak leaf extract had antioxidant activity as evaluated by DPPH method with IC50 value of 46.78 ppm. The teak leave extract also showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus. The optimum condition for the production of active edible film was use of 1% chitosan and 0.2% teak leaf extract. The active edible film produced had antioxidant activity of 8.53% RSA, 30.16%, moisture content, 38.28% solubility,1.52 MPa tensile strength, 9.54% elongation, water vapor transmission rate of 3672.32 g/m2, but the film did not show inhibitory effects on S. aureus.
References
Ahmad S, Nurisman A, Fitrianto W, Hakim AR, Hidayat N. 2008. Edible Coating dari Gel Lidah Buaya sebagai Alternatif Bahan untuk Mempertahankan Mutu Produk dengan Aplikasi Spray. [Laporan akhir PKM-P]. Bogor: IPB University.
[AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 13th ed, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington.
Arief IS, Tuti S, Afiyah. 2014. Physicochemical and organoleptic of beef sausages with teak leaf extract (Tectona grandis) addition as preservative and natural dye. Int Food Res J 21: 2033-2042.
[ASTM] American Society for Testing and Material. 2001. Standard test method for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting. Annual book of ASTM standards. Designation D882-01. Philadelphia: ASTM.
Astuti NP. 2009. Sifat Organoleptik Tempe Kedelai yang Dibungkus Plastik, Daun Pisang dan Daun Jati. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 2017. Statistika Produksi Kehutanan Tahun 2017. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 11-12.
Bourtoom T. 2008. Edible Films and Coatings: Characteristics and Propertis. Int Food Res J 15: 1-12.
Brand-Williams W, Cuvelie ME, Berset C. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 28: 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Breemer R, Febby JP, Pattipeilohy J. 2012. Sifat Mekanik dan Laju Transmisi Uap Air Edible Film Pati Ubi Jalar. Seminar Nasional Pangan 2012, A1-A5. UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, 13 November 2012.
Dakal TC, Kumar A, Majumdar RS, Yadav V. 2016. Mechanistic basis of antimicrobial actions of silver nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 7: 1831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831
Dallan PRM, da Luz Moreira P, Petinari L, Malmonge SM, Beppu MM, Genari SC, Moraes AM. 2006. Effects of chitosan solution concentration and incorporation of chitin and glycerol on dense chitosan membrane properties. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 80B: 394-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30610
Espitia PJP, Du W-X, de Jesús Avena-Bustillos R, de Fátima Ferreira Soares N, McHugh TH. 2014. Edible films from pectin: Physicalmechanical and antimicrobial properties-A review. Food Hydrocolloids 35: 287-296. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.foodhyd.2013.06.005
Febriati NL, Sutikno, Sartika D, Utomo TP. 2018. Optimasi sifat fisik edible film berbasis karagenan murni dengan metode permukaan respon (Response surface methodology). Diaspora: Eksakta 1: 71-90.
Fitriani V. 2003. Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Pektin dari Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus medica var Lemon). [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Gontard N, Guilbert S, Cuq J-L. 1993. Water and glycerol as plasticizer affect mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of an edible wheat gluten film. J Food Sci 58: 206-211. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03246.x
Guilbert S, Gontard N, Gorris LGM. 1996. Prolongation of the shelflife perishable food products using biodegradable films and coatings. LWT-Food Sci Technol 29: 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1996.0002
Hasanah M, Maharani B, Munarsih E. 2017. Daya antioksidan ekstrak dan fraksi daun kopi robusta (Coffea robusta) terhadap pereaksi DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Indonesian J Pharmaceutical Sci Technol 4: 42-49. https://doi.org/10.15416/ijpst.v4i2.10456
Islam SU, Wani SA, Mohammad F. 2018. Imparting functionality viz color, antioxidant and antibacterial properties to develop multifunctional wool with Tectona grandis leaves extract using reflectance spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 109: 907-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.068
Ismawati I, Marliani L. 2017. Telaah fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari daun jati merah (Tectona grandis Linn.) dan daun jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb.). J Farmasi Galenika: 77-83.
Krochta JM, Baldwin EA, Nisperos-Carriedo MO. 1994. Edible coatings and film to improve food quality, Economic Publ. Co. Inc., USA.
Kusnadi J, Budyanto P. 2015. Antibacterial active packaging edible film formulation with addition teak (Tectona grandis) leaf extract. Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharm Res 4: 79-84.
Kusumawati DH, Putri WDR. 2013. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia edible film pati jagung yang diinkorporasi dengan perasan temu hitam. J Pangan Agroindustri 1: 90-100.
Lasang MB. 2017. Ekstraksi Zat Warna Daun Jati (Tectona grandis) dan Aplikasi pada Dye Sensitizer Solar Cell (DSSC) [Skripsi]. Makassar: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin.
Lingga AR, Pato U, Rossi E. 2015. Uji antibakteri ekstrak batang kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. J Online Mahasiswa Faperta 3: 1-15.
Mahmudah FL, Atun S. 2017. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol temukunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. J Penelitian Saintek 22: 59-66. https://doi.org/10.21831/jps.v22i1.15380
Marini M, Bondi M, Iseppi R, Toselli M, Pilati F. 2007. Preparation and antibacterial activity of hybrid materials containing quaternary ammonium salts via sol-gel process. Eur Polym J 43: 3621-3628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.002
Marliana E. 2012. Aktivitas antiokskidan ekstrak etanol daun andong (Crodilne fruticosa L. A. Cheval). J Mulawarman Scientifie 11: 1412
Masuelli MA. 2017. Biopackaging (1st ed.). Boca Raton, CRC Press: 2-3. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315152349
Miller AL. 1996. Antioxidant flavonoids: Structure, function, and clinical usage. Alt Med Rev 1: 103-111.
Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 26: 211-219.
Mukaromah H. 2018. Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Daun Jati (Tectona Grandis L.F) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitro. [Skripsi]. Tulungagung: Progam Studi Farmasi, STIKES Karya Putra Bangsa.
Ningtyas R. 2010. Uji antioksidan, Antibakteri Ekstrak Air Daun Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith) sebagai Pengawet Alami terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. [Skripsi]. Jakarta: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Nur S, Sami FJ, Awaluddin A, Afsari MIA. 2019. Korelasi Antara kadar total flavonoid dan fenolik dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun jati putih (Gmelina Arborea Roxb.) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. J Farmasi Galenika 5: 33–42. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i1.12034
Oka A, Wiyana K, Sugitha I, Miwada I. 2016. Identifikasi sifat fungsional dari daun jati, kelor dan kayu manis dan potensinya sebagai sumber antioksidan pada edible film. J Sains Peternakan Indonesia 11: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.11.1.1-8
Rambabu K, Bharath G, Banat F, Show PL, Cocoletzi HH. 2019. Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 125: 1234-1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.196
Rao KNV, Aradhana R, Banjii D, Chaitanya R, Kumar AA. 2011. In-vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of various extracts of Tectona grandis. Linn leaves. J Pharm Res 4: 440-442.
Setiani W, Sudiarti T, Rahmidar L. 2013. Preparasi dan karakterisasi edible film dari poliblend pati sukun-kitosan. J Kimia Valensi 3: 100-109. https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v3i2.506
Setyawan C. 2012. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Daun Jati Mas (Tectona grandis) Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. [Skripsi]. Malang: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya.
Suryanti V, Kusumaningsih T, Marliyana SD, Setyono HA, Trisnawati EW. 2020. Identification of active compounds and antioxidant activity of teak (Tectona grandis) leaves. Biodiversitas J Biological Diversity 21: 946-952. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210313
Suhendra CP, Widarta IWR, Wiadnyani AAIS. 2019. Pengaruh konsentrasi etanol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rimpang ilalang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) pada ekstraksi menggunakan gelombang ultrasonik. J Ilmu Teknol Pangan 8: 27-35. https://doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2019.v08.i01.p04
Susanto D, Sudrajat, Ruga R. 2012. Studi kandungan bahan aktif tumbuhan meranti merah (Shorea leprosula Miq) sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri. Mulawarmnan Scientifie 11: 181-190.
Susilawati M. 2015. Perancangan Percobaan. Universitas Udayana. Bali. Halaman: 74-114.
Widarta IWR, Arnata IW. 2017. Ekstraksi komponen bioaktif daun alpukat dengan bantuan ultrasonik pada berbagai jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut. Agritech 37: 148-157. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.10397
Xu YX, Kim KM, Hanna MA. Nag D. 2005. Chitosan-starch composite film: Preparation and characterization. Ind Crops Prod 21: 185-192. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.03.002
Zulferiyenni, Marniza, Sari EN. 2014. Pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol dan tapioka terhadap karakteristik biodegradable film berbasis ampas rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. J Teknol Industri Hasil Pertanian 19: 257-273.
[AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 13th ed, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington.
Arief IS, Tuti S, Afiyah. 2014. Physicochemical and organoleptic of beef sausages with teak leaf extract (Tectona grandis) addition as preservative and natural dye. Int Food Res J 21: 2033-2042.
[ASTM] American Society for Testing and Material. 2001. Standard test method for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting. Annual book of ASTM standards. Designation D882-01. Philadelphia: ASTM.
Astuti NP. 2009. Sifat Organoleptik Tempe Kedelai yang Dibungkus Plastik, Daun Pisang dan Daun Jati. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 2017. Statistika Produksi Kehutanan Tahun 2017. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 11-12.
Bourtoom T. 2008. Edible Films and Coatings: Characteristics and Propertis. Int Food Res J 15: 1-12.
Brand-Williams W, Cuvelie ME, Berset C. 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 28: 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
Breemer R, Febby JP, Pattipeilohy J. 2012. Sifat Mekanik dan Laju Transmisi Uap Air Edible Film Pati Ubi Jalar. Seminar Nasional Pangan 2012, A1-A5. UPN Veteran Yogyakarta, 13 November 2012.
Dakal TC, Kumar A, Majumdar RS, Yadav V. 2016. Mechanistic basis of antimicrobial actions of silver nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 7: 1831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01831
Dallan PRM, da Luz Moreira P, Petinari L, Malmonge SM, Beppu MM, Genari SC, Moraes AM. 2006. Effects of chitosan solution concentration and incorporation of chitin and glycerol on dense chitosan membrane properties. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 80B: 394-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30610
Espitia PJP, Du W-X, de Jesús Avena-Bustillos R, de Fátima Ferreira Soares N, McHugh TH. 2014. Edible films from pectin: Physicalmechanical and antimicrobial properties-A review. Food Hydrocolloids 35: 287-296. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.foodhyd.2013.06.005
Febriati NL, Sutikno, Sartika D, Utomo TP. 2018. Optimasi sifat fisik edible film berbasis karagenan murni dengan metode permukaan respon (Response surface methodology). Diaspora: Eksakta 1: 71-90.
Fitriani V. 2003. Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Pektin dari Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus medica var Lemon). [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Gontard N, Guilbert S, Cuq J-L. 1993. Water and glycerol as plasticizer affect mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of an edible wheat gluten film. J Food Sci 58: 206-211. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03246.x
Guilbert S, Gontard N, Gorris LGM. 1996. Prolongation of the shelflife perishable food products using biodegradable films and coatings. LWT-Food Sci Technol 29: 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1996.0002
Hasanah M, Maharani B, Munarsih E. 2017. Daya antioksidan ekstrak dan fraksi daun kopi robusta (Coffea robusta) terhadap pereaksi DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Indonesian J Pharmaceutical Sci Technol 4: 42-49. https://doi.org/10.15416/ijpst.v4i2.10456
Islam SU, Wani SA, Mohammad F. 2018. Imparting functionality viz color, antioxidant and antibacterial properties to develop multifunctional wool with Tectona grandis leaves extract using reflectance spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 109: 907-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.068
Ismawati I, Marliani L. 2017. Telaah fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari daun jati merah (Tectona grandis Linn.) dan daun jati putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb.). J Farmasi Galenika: 77-83.
Krochta JM, Baldwin EA, Nisperos-Carriedo MO. 1994. Edible coatings and film to improve food quality, Economic Publ. Co. Inc., USA.
Kusnadi J, Budyanto P. 2015. Antibacterial active packaging edible film formulation with addition teak (Tectona grandis) leaf extract. Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharm Res 4: 79-84.
Kusumawati DH, Putri WDR. 2013. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia edible film pati jagung yang diinkorporasi dengan perasan temu hitam. J Pangan Agroindustri 1: 90-100.
Lasang MB. 2017. Ekstraksi Zat Warna Daun Jati (Tectona grandis) dan Aplikasi pada Dye Sensitizer Solar Cell (DSSC) [Skripsi]. Makassar: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin.
Lingga AR, Pato U, Rossi E. 2015. Uji antibakteri ekstrak batang kecombrang (Nicolaia speciosa Horan) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. J Online Mahasiswa Faperta 3: 1-15.
Mahmudah FL, Atun S. 2017. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol temukunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. J Penelitian Saintek 22: 59-66. https://doi.org/10.21831/jps.v22i1.15380
Marini M, Bondi M, Iseppi R, Toselli M, Pilati F. 2007. Preparation and antibacterial activity of hybrid materials containing quaternary ammonium salts via sol-gel process. Eur Polym J 43: 3621-3628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.002
Marliana E. 2012. Aktivitas antiokskidan ekstrak etanol daun andong (Crodilne fruticosa L. A. Cheval). J Mulawarman Scientifie 11: 1412
Masuelli MA. 2017. Biopackaging (1st ed.). Boca Raton, CRC Press: 2-3. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315152349
Miller AL. 1996. Antioxidant flavonoids: Structure, function, and clinical usage. Alt Med Rev 1: 103-111.
Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 26: 211-219.
Mukaromah H. 2018. Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Daun Jati (Tectona Grandis L.F) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus secara In Vitro. [Skripsi]. Tulungagung: Progam Studi Farmasi, STIKES Karya Putra Bangsa.
Ningtyas R. 2010. Uji antioksidan, Antibakteri Ekstrak Air Daun Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith) sebagai Pengawet Alami terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. [Skripsi]. Jakarta: Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.
Nur S, Sami FJ, Awaluddin A, Afsari MIA. 2019. Korelasi Antara kadar total flavonoid dan fenolik dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun jati putih (Gmelina Arborea Roxb.) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. J Farmasi Galenika 5: 33–42. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i1.12034
Oka A, Wiyana K, Sugitha I, Miwada I. 2016. Identifikasi sifat fungsional dari daun jati, kelor dan kayu manis dan potensinya sebagai sumber antioksidan pada edible film. J Sains Peternakan Indonesia 11: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.11.1.1-8
Rambabu K, Bharath G, Banat F, Show PL, Cocoletzi HH. 2019. Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 125: 1234-1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.196
Rao KNV, Aradhana R, Banjii D, Chaitanya R, Kumar AA. 2011. In-vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of various extracts of Tectona grandis. Linn leaves. J Pharm Res 4: 440-442.
Setiani W, Sudiarti T, Rahmidar L. 2013. Preparasi dan karakterisasi edible film dari poliblend pati sukun-kitosan. J Kimia Valensi 3: 100-109. https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v3i2.506
Setyawan C. 2012. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Daun Jati Mas (Tectona grandis) Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. [Skripsi]. Malang: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya.
Suryanti V, Kusumaningsih T, Marliyana SD, Setyono HA, Trisnawati EW. 2020. Identification of active compounds and antioxidant activity of teak (Tectona grandis) leaves. Biodiversitas J Biological Diversity 21: 946-952. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210313
Suhendra CP, Widarta IWR, Wiadnyani AAIS. 2019. Pengaruh konsentrasi etanol terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rimpang ilalang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) pada ekstraksi menggunakan gelombang ultrasonik. J Ilmu Teknol Pangan 8: 27-35. https://doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2019.v08.i01.p04
Susanto D, Sudrajat, Ruga R. 2012. Studi kandungan bahan aktif tumbuhan meranti merah (Shorea leprosula Miq) sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri. Mulawarmnan Scientifie 11: 181-190.
Susilawati M. 2015. Perancangan Percobaan. Universitas Udayana. Bali. Halaman: 74-114.
Widarta IWR, Arnata IW. 2017. Ekstraksi komponen bioaktif daun alpukat dengan bantuan ultrasonik pada berbagai jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut. Agritech 37: 148-157. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.10397
Xu YX, Kim KM, Hanna MA. Nag D. 2005. Chitosan-starch composite film: Preparation and characterization. Ind Crops Prod 21: 185-192. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.03.002
Zulferiyenni, Marniza, Sari EN. 2014. Pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol dan tapioka terhadap karakteristik biodegradable film berbasis ampas rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. J Teknol Industri Hasil Pertanian 19: 257-273.
Authors
RamadhaniP. D., SupriyadiS., HendrastyH. K., LaksanaE. M. B., & SantosoU. (2023). Karakteristik Edible Film Aktif Berbasis Kitosan dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Jati. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 34(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2023.34.1.1
Copyright and license info is not available