Preview
Karakteristik fisik, kimiawi, dan fungsional tepung Sargassum polycystum sebagai bahan baku pembuatan garam fungsional Physical, chemical, and functional characteristics of Sargassum polycystum flour as raw material for production of functional salt
Abstract
Sargassum polycystum is highly abundant in Indonesian waters. S. polycystum still needs to be utilized optimally in the food and non-food sectors. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of S. polycystum flour from the waters of Cibuaya Beach, Ujung Genteng, and Sukabumi as a raw material for the production of functional salts. The study consisted of two main stages: the manufacture and characterization of S. polycystum flour. The parameters analyzed included yield, color, water activity, proximate content, minerals, NaCl, heavy metals, phytochemicals, total phenolics, flavonoids, phlorotannins, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). The physical characteristics of S. polycystum flour include yield 79.52%, L* 44.36±0.33 (dark), a* 5.14±0.11 (red), b* 16.51±0.33 (yellow), and ºhue 72.61±0.01 (red-yellow). Chemical characteristics of S. polycstum flour include ash 34.43±0.19%, Na mineral 54.32±0.09 mg/g, K 87.12±0.48 mg/g, Na/K mineral ratio 0.62±0.00, and NaCl content 17.11±0.18%. Functional characteristics of S. polycystum flour include alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and steroids (in qualitative testing); and contains total of phenolics 847.05±0.46 mg GAE/g sample, flavonoids 892.20±0.63 mg QE/g sample, phlorotannins 534.11±0.73 mg PGE/g sample; and antioxidant activity DPPH (IC50 value) 52.25±0.52 ppm (strong), and FRAP 242.93±2.31 µmmol FeSO4. S. polycystum flour has good physical, chemical, and functional characteristics, so it has the potential to be used as raw material for production of functional salt which is beneficial for body health.
References
Abbaspour, N., Hurrell, R., & Kelishadi, R. (2014). Review on iron and its importance for human health. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 19(2), 164-74.
Afify, A. S., Abdalla, A. A., Elsayed, A., Gamuhay, B., Abu-Khadra, A. S., Hassan, M., Ataalla, M., & Mohamed, A. (2017). Survey on the moisture and ash contents in agricultural commodities in Al-Rass Governorate, Saudi Arabia in 2017. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 48(6), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajas.1999.5752.
Alifia, D. H., Apridamayanti, P., & Nugraha, F. (2023). Analisis kadar mineral besi (Fe) dalam kulit labu siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) dan labu air (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley) dengan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom. Medical Sains: Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 8(2), 465-474. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v8i2.666.
Amran, P. (2018). Analisis perbedaan kadar kalsium (Ca) terhadap karyawan teknis produktif dengan karyawan administratif pada persero terbatas semen tonasa. Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.32382/mak.v1i1.121.
Angelia, I. O. (2016). Analisis kadar lemak pada tepung ampas kelapa. Jurnal Technopreneur, 4(1), 19-23. https://doi.org/10.30869/jtech.v4i1.42.
Anggadiredja, J. T. (2008). Rumput Laut: Pembudidayaan, Pengolahan, dan Pemasaran Komoditas Perikanan Potensial. Penebar Swadaya.
Anggraini, D. I., Sukirno, & Wulansari, A. D. (2014). Antidotum logam timbal (Pb) secara in vitro dengan seduhan air teh hijau. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 6(2), 105-108.
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (2019). Official methods of analysis of the association of AOAC international. AOAC International.
Apostolidis, E., & Lee, C. M. (2010). In vitro potential of Ascophyllum nodosum phenolic antioxidant-mediated α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. Journal of Food Science, 75(3), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750- 3841.2010.01544.x.
Astuti, I., Karina, S., & Dweiyanti, I. (2016). Analisis kandungan logam berat Pb pada tiram Crassostrea cucullata di Pesisir Krueng Raya, Aceh Besar. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan, 1(1), 104-113.
Azizah, R., Malau, R., Susanto, A. B., Santoso, G. W., Hartati, R., Irwani, & Suryono. (2018). Kandungan timbal pada air, sedimen, dan rumput laut Sargassum sp. di Perairan Jepara, Indonesia, Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 21(2), 155-166.
Baliyan, S., Mukherjee, R., Priyadarshini, A., Vibhuti, A., Gupta, A., Pandey, P. P., & Chang, C-M. (2022). Determination of antioxidants by DPPH radical scavenging activity and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules, 27(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041326.
Basmal, J. (2009). Prospek pemanfaatan rumput laut sebagai pupuk organik. Squallen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 1-8, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.141.
Beto, J. A. (2015). The role of calcium in human aging. Clinical Nutritional Research, 4(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2015.4.1.1.
Bixler, H. J., & Porse, H. (2010). A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. Jurnal of Applied Phycology, 23(3), 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9529-3.
[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. (2022). Persyaratan cmaran logam berat dalam pangan olahan. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan.
Brough, L. (2021). Iodine intake for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants remains a global concern. The Journal of Nutrition, 151(12), 3604–3605. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab364.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2009). SNI 7387:2009. Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (2010). SNI-2354.1-2010. Cara uji kimia bagian 1: penentuan kadar abu dan abu tidak larut asam pada produk. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2015). SNI-2690-2015. Rumput laut kering. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2016a). SNI-8208-2016. Garam diet. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2016b). SNI-3556-2016. Garam konsumsi beriodium. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Cardoso, M. S., Pereira, O. R., Seca, A. M. L., Pinto, D. C. G. A., & Silva, A. M. S. (2015). Seaweeds as preventive agents for cardiovascular diseases: from nutrients to functional foods. Marine Drugs, 13(11), 838-6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13116838.
Costa J. F. D., Merdekawati, W., & Otu, F. R. (2018). Analisis proksimat, aktivitas antioksidan, dan komposisi pigmen Ulva lactuca L. dari Perairan Pantai Kukup. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi, 17(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.33508/jtpg.v17i1.1697.
Daud, R. (2013). Pengaruh masa tanam terhadap kualitas rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Media Akuakultur. 8(2), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.15578/ma.8.2.2013.135-138.
Diachanty, S., Nurjanah, & Abdullah, A. (2017). Aktivitas antioksidan berbagai jenis rumput laut cokelat dari Perairan Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(5), 305-318. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i2.18013.
Erniati, Syahrial, Erlangga, Imanullah, & Andhika, Y. (2024). Aktivitas antioksidan dan total fenol rumput laut Sargassum sp. dari Perairan Simeulue Aceh. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 27(3), 186-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v27i3.46981.
Fachriyah, E., Kusrini, D., Haryanto, I. B., Wulandari, S. M. B., Lestari, W. I., & Sumariyah. (2020). Phytochemical test, determination of total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam). Journal of Scientific and Applied Chemistry, 23(8), 290-294. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.8.290-294.
Fijalkowska, A., Nowacka, M., Wiktor, A., Sledz, M., & Witrowa-Rajchert, D. (2015). Ultrasound as a pretreatment method to improve drying kinetics and sensory properties of dried apple. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 39(3), 256-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12217.
Garcia, E. J., Oldoni, T. L. C., Alencar, S. M. D., Reis, A., Cio, A. D. L, & Grande, L. H. M. (2012). Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of potential solutions to be applied on bleached teeth. Brazilian Dental Journal, 23(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402012000100004.
Gazali, M., Nurjanah, N., Husni, A., Nufus, C., Aulia, B. R., Febrina, C. D., & Syafiyri, R. (2022). The potential secondary metabolites of macroalgae Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (1824) from the Coast of West Aceh as raw material of body scrub. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 24(2), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.70504.
Gerasimenko, N. I., Busarova, N. G., & Moiseenko, O. P. (2010). Seasonal changes in the content of lipids, fatty acids, and pigments in brown alga costaria costata. Russian Journal of Plant Physiol, 57(2), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102144371002007X.
Grober, U, Schmidt, J., & Kisters, K. (2015). Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients, 7(9), 8199-8226. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095388.
Gunawan, I. F. (2024). Pengaruh perlakuan blanching terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia tepung rumput laut (Sargassum polycystum). [Skripsi]. Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
Guntari, A., Sholehah, K., Irna, N., & Fistianingrum, W. (2015). Penentuan parameter non spesifik ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana) pada variasi asal daerah. Jurnal Farmasains, 2(5), 202-207.
Harborne JB. (1987). Metode Fitokimia Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Kosasih P dan Iwang SJ, penerjemah. ITB Press.
Hatch-McChesney A., & Lieberman, H. R. (2022). Iodine and iodine deficiency: a comprehensive review of a re-emerging issue. Nutrients, 14(17), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173474.
Hunterlab. (2012). Hunter L, a, b, vs CIE L*, a*, b*: measuring color using hunter L, a, b, versus CIE 1976 L*, a*, b*. Hunter Associates Laboratory Inc.
Hutching, J. B. (1999). Food Color and Appearance. Gaithersburg: Aspen Publisher. Inc, Maryland.
Ismail, A. A. A., & Ismail, N. A. (2016). Magnesium: a mineral essential for health yet generally underestimated or even ignored. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 6(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000523.
Jin, W., Zhang, M., & Shi, W. (2016). Evaluation of ultrasound pretreatment and drying methods on selected quality attributes of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Drying Technology, 37(3), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2018.1458735.
Johnson, M., Kanimozhi, A.S., Malar, T. R. J. J., Shibila, T., Freitas, P. R., Tintino, S. R., Menezes, I. R. A., da Costa, J. G. M., & Coutinho, H. D. M. (2019). The antioxidative effects of bioactive products from Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum J. Agardh against inflammation and other pathological issues. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 46(7), 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.06.014.
Juarez-Enriquez, E., Olivas, G. I., Zamudio-Flores, P.B., Ortega-Rivas, E., Perez-Vega, S., & Sepulveda, D. R. (2019). Effect of water content on the flowability of hygroscopic powders. Journal of Food Engineering, 205(30), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.024.
Kalasariya, H. S., Pereira, L., & Patel, N. B. (2022). Pioneering role of marine macroalgae in cosmeceuticals. Phycology, 2(1), 172–203 https://doi.org/10.3390/phycology2010010.
Kim, S. J., Lee, J. Y., Yoon, S. R., Lee, H. W., & Ha, J. H. (2019). Regression analysis for predicting the fermentation state of packaged kimchi using a colorimetric indicator. Journal of Food Engineering, 240(8), 65−72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.06.031.
Koivikko, R., Loponen, J., Honkanen, T., & Jormalainen, V. (2005). Contents of soluble, cell-wall-bound and exuded phlorotannins in the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus with implications on their ecological functions. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31(1), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s/10886-005-0984-2.
Kumar, M., Gupta, V., Kumari, P., Reddy, C. R. K., & Jha, B. (2011). Assesment of nutrien composition and antioxidant pontential of Caulerpaceae seaweeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.07.007.
Kurnia, F. L., Hunaefi, D., Yuliana, N. D., Fuhrmann, P., Smetanska, I., & Yasuda, S. (2023). Characterization of physicochemical properties and sensory profile of red oncom in Dramaga District Bogor Regency. Canrea Journal: Food Technology, Nutritions, and Culinary, 6(2), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.20956/canrea.v6i2.1013.
Kusumaningrum, R., Supriadi, A., & Hanggita, S. R. J. (2013). Karakteristik dan mutu teh bunga lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Jurnal Fishtech, 2(1), 9-21.
Kusumorini, A., Nugroho, A. K., Pramono, S., & Martien, R. (2022). Determination of the potential antioxidant activity of isolated piperine from white pepper using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Majalah Farmaseutik. 18(4), 454-461. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i4.70246.
Liswandari, M. S., Lantang, D., & Dirgantara, S. (2018). Uji aktivitas antibakteri alga hijau (Ulva sp.) dari Pantai Sorido biak terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacy Medical Journal, 1(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.35799/pmj.1.1.2018.19646.
Litaay, C., & Arfah, H. (2019). Species composition, frequency and total density of seaweeds. International Journal of Development Research, 9(1), 25214-25215.
Lotfy, R. A., Fahmy, D. M., & Ahmed, M. A. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative determination of secondary metabolites of 26 medicinal plants from Southeastern of Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 65(2), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejdr.2015.5956.
Madhu, C., Krishna, K. M., Reddy, K. R., Lakshmi, P. J., & Kelari, E. K. (2017). Estimation of crude fibre content from natural food stuffs and its laxative activity induced in rats, International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences, 5(3), 1703-1706. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2017.03.04.
Manteu, S. H., Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Nurhayati, T., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021). Efektivitas karbon aktif dalam pembuatan garam rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Padina minor). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 24(3), 407-416. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i3.26692.
Manteu, S. H., Nurjanah, & Nurhayati, T. (2018). Karakterisitik rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Padina minor) dari Perairan Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(2), 396-405. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i3.24709.
Marsell, P., Simal, T. R., & Warella, J. C. (2018). Analisis kadar air dan kadar abu teh berbahan dasar daun lamun (Enhalus acoroides). Biopendik Jurnal Biologi Pendidikan dan Terapan, 8(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol8issue1pag-e16-21.
Mclean, N. M., & Wang, N. X. (2021). Chapter three–potassium. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 96(2), 89-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.013.
Meiyasa, F., Nurjanah, Tarigan, N., Putri, R. M. J., Seulale, A. V., Hutar, M. M. A., Hana, A. T., & Fery, U. (2024). The potency of Ulva reticulata as natural flavoring to prevent hypertension. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(5), 1679–1697.
Moharram, H. A., & Youssef, M. M. (2014). Methods for determining the antioxidant activity: a review. Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/ajfs.journals.ekb.eg/article_20251_46bd1a0433e6dc694a\7953b19fd1868.pdf.
Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
Mubasheera, M. G., & Prasad, H. M. G. (2021). Medicinal use of an a brown seaweed ancient algae Sargassum polycystum: a review. Clinical Medicine and Health Research Journal, 1(2), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.18535/cmhrj.v1i2.15.
Munteanu, I. G., & Apetrei C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380.
Narsa, A. C., Salman, A. A., & Prabowo, W. C. (2022). Identifikasi metabolit sekunder dan profil farmakognosi kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L) sebagai bahan baku farmasi terbarukan. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 4(6), 645-653. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v4i6.1551.
Nissa, R. N. A. (2024). Kraakterisasi Ekstrak Florotanin Sargassum polycystum dan Uji Aktivitasnya sebagai Kandidat Antidiabetes. [Tesis]. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Nufus, C., Nurjanah, & Abdullah, A. (2017). Karakteristik rumput laut hijau dari Perairan Kepulauan Seribu dan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat sebagai antioksidan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(3), 620-632. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012050.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Darusman, H. S., Diaresty, J. V. G., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021a). The antioxidant activity of seaweed salt from Sargassum polycystum Sprague-Dawleymale White rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science, 12(4), 2601-2609. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i4. 4912.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Hidayat, T., Seulalae, A. V., & Rahmawati, K. (2022d). Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut sebagai Bahan Baku Kosmetik. Unsyiah Press.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Jacoeb, A. M., Prameswari, D. K., & Seulalae, A.V. (2022a, 6-7 September). Effect of the ratio Limnocharis sp. and Sargassum sp. on the characteristics of seaweed salt, in The 5th EMBRIO International Symposium; Sustainable Development of Fisheries and Marine Resource Amidst Covid-19 Era and Beyond, EIS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1033/1/012049.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., & Nufus, C. (2018). Karakteristik sediaan garam Ulva lactuca dari Perairan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat bagi pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i1.21455.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Rahmadhani, A., & Seulalae, A. V. (2022b). Antioxidant activity and combination characteristics of filtrates and Sargassum polycystum seaweed salt residue. Kuwait Journal of Science, 49(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.11807.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Amanda, N. D, & Seulalae, A.V. (2022c, September 6-7). Characteristics of seaweed salt residue Sargassum polycystum and coffee dregs as raw materials for body scrubs, in The 5th EMBRIO International Symposium: Sustainable Development of Fisheries and Marine Resource Amidst Covid-19 Era and Beyond, EIS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1033/1/012049.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Bestari, E., & Seulalae, A. V. (2020b). Karakteristik bubur rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa dan Turbinaria conoides sebagai bahan baku body lotion. Jurnal Akuatek, 1(2), 73-83.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Ramlan, & Abdullah, A. (2020a). Penambahan genjer (Limnocharis flava) pada pembuatan garam rumput laut hijau untuk penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(3), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32462.
Nurjanah, Nurilmala, M., Abdullah, A., Seulalae, A. V., & Fauzan, R. (2021b). Characteristics of Eucheuma denticulatum and Turbinaria conoides porridge as body lotion materials. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(4), 1521-1536.
Nurjanah, Nurilmala, M., Alfarizi, S., Rochima, E., Wahyuni, D. S., & Seulalae, A. V. (2024). Characterization of seaweed healthy salt from Indonesian Ulva lactuca and Chaetomorpha sp. flour, in The 6th EMBRIO International Symposium: “Ocean for Prosperity: Sustainably Use of the Ocean Resources for Economic Growth, Improvement of Livelihoods, and Preserve its Ocean Ecosystem Health” (EIS 2023), Bogor, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411209002.
Nurjanah, N., Jacoeb, A. M., Abdullah, A., Priyanto, J. A., Nurdin, N. M., & Seulalae, A. V. (2023b). Study of Actinotrichia fragilis Indonesian red seaweed as raw material for healthy salt. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 18(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.753.
Nurjanah, Ramlan, Jacoeb, A. M., & Seulalae, A. V. (2023a). Komposisi kimia tepung dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Ulva lactuca dan genjer (Limnocharis flava) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan garam rumput laut. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 18(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v18i1.931.
Nurjanah, Ramli, R. L., Jacoeb, A. M., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021c). Jurnal Standardisasi, 23(3), 227-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v23i3.895.
Nurpalah, R., & Rosita, N. (2014). Gambaran kadar natrium (Na) pada pasien hipertensi dengan rentang usia 31-55 tahun. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada, 11(1), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.36465/jkbth.v11i1.57.
Othman, R., Bakar, A. E. A., Fadzillah, N. A., & Amin, N. A. M. (2019). Carotenoid pigments of red, green and brown macroalgae species as potential active pharmaceutical ingredients. Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 9(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2019.09.01.3.
Penalver, R., Lorenzo, J. M., Ros, G., Amarowicz, R., Pteiro, M., & Nieto, G. (2020). Seaweeds as a functional ingredient for a healthy diet. Marine Drugs, 18(6), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18060301.
Polii, R., Engka, J. N. A., & Sapulete, I. M. (2016). Hubungan kadar natrium dengan tekanan darah pada remaja di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Jurnal e-biomedik, 4(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v4i2.14862.
Qalsum, U., Diah, A.W. M., & Supriadi. (2015). Analisis kadar karbohidrat, lemak dan protein dari tepung biji mangga (Mangifera indica L) jenis gadung. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 4(4), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2015.v4.i4.7867.
Rahmayani, U., Pringgenies, D., & Djunaedi, A. (2013). Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar keong bakau (Telescopium telescopium) dengan pelarut yang berbeda terhadap metode DPPH (Diphenyl Picril Hidrazil). Journal of Marine Research, 2(4), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v2i4.3682.
Redjeki, S., Muchtadi, D. F. A., & Putra, M. R. A. (2020). Garam sehat rendah natrium menggunakan metode basah. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 4(2), 63-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v14i2.2040.
Refnaldi, I. A. A., Efendi, D. H., & Sukanta. (2017). Perbandingan aktivitas antioksidan alami rutin terhadap antioksidan butyl hidroksi anisol (BHA) dengan metode peredaman 1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). Prosiding Seminar, 3(2), 316-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.7930.
Ribeiro, S. M. R., Barbosa, L. C. A., Queiroz, J. H., Knodler, M., & Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties. Food Chemistry, 110(3), 620-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.067.
Rios-Mera, J. D., Selani, M. M., Patinho, I., Saldana, E., & Contreras-Castillo, C. S. (2021). Modification of NaCl structure as a sodium reduction strategy in meat products: an overview. Meat Science, 174, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108417.
Rodrigues, D., Freitas, A. C., Pereira, L., Rocha-santos, T. A., Vasconcelos, M., Roriz, M., Rodriguez-alcala, L., Gomes, A. M., & Duarte, A. (2015). Chemical composition of red, brownn, and green macroalga from buarcos bay in central west Coast of Portugal. Food Chemistry, 183, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.057.
Safia W, Budiyanti M, & Musrif, M. (2020). Kandungan nutrisi dan senyawa bioaktif rumput laut (Euchema cottonii) yang dibudidayakan dengan teknik rakit gantung pada kedalaman berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(2), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i2.29460.
Sari, H. A., & Widjanarko, S. B. (2015). Karakteristik kimia bakso sapi (kajian proporsi tepung tapioka: tepung porang dan penambahan. Jurnal pangan dan Agroindustri, 3(3), 784-792.
Savitri, I., Suhendra, L., & Wartini, N. M. (2017). Pengaruh jenis pelarut pada metode maserasi terhadap karakteristik ekstrak Sargassum polycystum. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 5(3), 93-101.
Seulalae, A. V., Prangdimurti, E., Adawiyah, D. R., & Nurjanah. (2023). Evaluasi tingkat keasinan relatif dan profil sensori garam rumput laut menggunakan metode magnitude estimation dan rate-all-that-apply (RATA). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 26(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v26i1.44466.
Simbolon N. P. E., Legowo, A. M., & Setiani, B. E. (2019). Estimation of shelf life pasta spice for dekke mas na niura with the accelerated shelf life test (ASLT) method arrhenius equation. Journal of Applied Food Technology, 6(2), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.17728/jaft.5170.
Sine, Y., Soetarto, E. S. (2018). Perubahan kadar vitamin dan mineral pada fermentasi tempe gude (Cajanus cajan L.). Jurnal Saintek Lahan Kering, 1(1), 1-3.
Stangeland, T., Remberg, S. F., & Lye, K. A. (2009). Total antioxidant activity in 35 Ugandan fruits and vegetables. Food Chemistry, 113(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.026.
Strazzullo, P., & Leclercq, C. (2014). Nutrient information. Advances in Nutrition, 5, 188–190. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.005215.
Susanti, N. N., Sukmawardani, Y., & Musfiroh, I. (2016). Analisis kalium dan kalsium pada ikan kembung dan ikan gabus. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 3(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v3i1.7913.
Syad, A. N., Shunmugiah, K. P., & Kasi, P. D. (2013). Seaweed as nutritional supplements: analysis of nutritional profile, physicochemical properties and proximate composition of G. acerosa and S. wightii. Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 3(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIONUT.2012.12.002.
Syahputra, D. M., Nazaruddin, & Cicilia, S. (2021). The effects of carrageenan addition on the quality of broiler chicken meatballs. International Journal of Advance Tropical Food (IJATF), 3(2), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.26877/ijatf.v3i2.9610.
Sumaiyah, Masfria, & Dalimunthe, A. (2018). Determination of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antimutagenic activity of ethanol extract nanoparticles of Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.F) schott leaves. RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, 11(2), 505-510. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2018.1122068.
Sumandiarsa, I. K., Hamida, N., Santoso, J., & Tarman, K. (2022). Antioxidant activities from different parts of Sargassum polycystum thalli through ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) method. Omni-Akuatika, 18(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2022.18.2.907.
Tabotubun, A. M. (2018). Komposisi kimia rumput laut Caulerpa lentilifera dari Perairan Kei Maluku dengan metode pengeringan berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i1.21257.
Teheni, M. T., & Syamsidar, H. S. (2013). Penentuan kadar dan distribusi spasial logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii asal perairan Kab. Takalar dengan metode spektrofotometer serapan atom (SSA). Al-Kimia, 1(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-kimia.v1i1.1575.
Teshome, K. (2019). Effect of tea processing methods on biochemical composition and sensory quality of black tea (Camelliansis (L.) O. Kuntze): a review. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 11(6), 84– 95. https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0588.
Tuina, F., Naiu, S., & Yusuf N. S. (2013). Penentuan lama pengeringan dan laju perubahan mutu nike (Awaous melanocephalus) kering. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 1(2), 96-102. https://doi.org/10.37905/.v1i2.1227.
Tulungnen, R. S., Sapulete, I. M., & Pangemanan, D. H. C. (2016). Hubungan kadar kalium dengan tekanan darah pada remaja di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Jurnal Kedokteran Klinik, 1(2), 37-45.
Vaudin, A., Wambogo, E., Moshfegh, A. J., & Sahyoun, N. R. (2022). Sodium and potassium intake, the sodium to potassium ratio, and associated characteristics in older adults, NHANES 2011-2016, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 22(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.012. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
Venughopal, J. P. (2010). Omega-3 polyunsaturated acids and cardiovaskular disease: notable ethnic differences or unfulfilled promise. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 8(10), 2095-2104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03956.x.
Viola, A. N., Udedi, S. C., Ezeonu, F. C, Orji, F. A., Ezeanyanaso, C. S., Brai, B. I. C, Shode, F.O., & Elemo, G. N. (2017). An analysis of food value and some selected secondary metabolites of Emilia coccinea (Asteraceae) lea. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/JOCAMR/2017/29763.
Vongsak, B., Sithisarn, P., Mangmool, S., Thongpraditchote, S., Wongkrajang., & Gritsanapan, W. (2013). Maximizing total phenolocs, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by the appropriate extraction method. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 566-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.09.021.
Widowati, H., Sulistiani, W. S., & Sutanto, A. (2017). Penaruh proses pengolahan terhadap kadar logam berat dan kadar gizi pada kacang panjang. BIOEDUKASI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, 8(2), 171-175. https://doi.org/10.24127/ bioedukasi.v8i2.1075.
Widyartini, D. S, Insan, A. I, & Sulistyani. (2012). Keanekaragaman morfologi rumput laut Sargassum dari pantai permisan cilacap dan potensi sumberdaya alginatnya untuk industri. Prosiding Seminar Nasional, 3(1), 61-66.
[WHO] World Health Organization. (2012a). Guideline: potassium intake and for adults and children. World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. (2012b). Guideline: sodium and potassium intake and for adults and children. World Health Organization.
Zambrano, M. V., Dutta, B., Mercer, D. G., & MacLean, H. L. (2019). Assessment of moisture content measurement methods of dried food products in small-scale operations in developing countries: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 88, 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.006.
Zheng H, Zhao Y, & Guo L. (2022). A bioactive substance derived from brown seaweeds: phlorotannins. Marine Drugs, 20, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120742.
Afify, A. S., Abdalla, A. A., Elsayed, A., Gamuhay, B., Abu-Khadra, A. S., Hassan, M., Ataalla, M., & Mohamed, A. (2017). Survey on the moisture and ash contents in agricultural commodities in Al-Rass Governorate, Saudi Arabia in 2017. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 48(6), 52-66. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajas.1999.5752.
Alifia, D. H., Apridamayanti, P., & Nugraha, F. (2023). Analisis kadar mineral besi (Fe) dalam kulit labu siam (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) dan labu air (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standley) dengan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom. Medical Sains: Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 8(2), 465-474. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v8i2.666.
Amran, P. (2018). Analisis perbedaan kadar kalsium (Ca) terhadap karyawan teknis produktif dengan karyawan administratif pada persero terbatas semen tonasa. Jurnal Media Analis Kesehatan, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.32382/mak.v1i1.121.
Angelia, I. O. (2016). Analisis kadar lemak pada tepung ampas kelapa. Jurnal Technopreneur, 4(1), 19-23. https://doi.org/10.30869/jtech.v4i1.42.
Anggadiredja, J. T. (2008). Rumput Laut: Pembudidayaan, Pengolahan, dan Pemasaran Komoditas Perikanan Potensial. Penebar Swadaya.
Anggraini, D. I., Sukirno, & Wulansari, A. D. (2014). Antidotum logam timbal (Pb) secara in vitro dengan seduhan air teh hijau. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 6(2), 105-108.
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (2019). Official methods of analysis of the association of AOAC international. AOAC International.
Apostolidis, E., & Lee, C. M. (2010). In vitro potential of Ascophyllum nodosum phenolic antioxidant-mediated α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition. Journal of Food Science, 75(3), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750- 3841.2010.01544.x.
Astuti, I., Karina, S., & Dweiyanti, I. (2016). Analisis kandungan logam berat Pb pada tiram Crassostrea cucullata di Pesisir Krueng Raya, Aceh Besar. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan, 1(1), 104-113.
Azizah, R., Malau, R., Susanto, A. B., Santoso, G. W., Hartati, R., Irwani, & Suryono. (2018). Kandungan timbal pada air, sedimen, dan rumput laut Sargassum sp. di Perairan Jepara, Indonesia, Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 21(2), 155-166.
Baliyan, S., Mukherjee, R., Priyadarshini, A., Vibhuti, A., Gupta, A., Pandey, P. P., & Chang, C-M. (2022). Determination of antioxidants by DPPH radical scavenging activity and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules, 27(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041326.
Basmal, J. (2009). Prospek pemanfaatan rumput laut sebagai pupuk organik. Squallen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 1-8, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.15578/squalen.141.
Beto, J. A. (2015). The role of calcium in human aging. Clinical Nutritional Research, 4(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2015.4.1.1.
Bixler, H. J., & Porse, H. (2010). A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. Jurnal of Applied Phycology, 23(3), 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9529-3.
[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. (2022). Persyaratan cmaran logam berat dalam pangan olahan. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan.
Brough, L. (2021). Iodine intake for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants remains a global concern. The Journal of Nutrition, 151(12), 3604–3605. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab364.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2009). SNI 7387:2009. Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam Berat dalam Pangan. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (2010). SNI-2354.1-2010. Cara uji kimia bagian 1: penentuan kadar abu dan abu tidak larut asam pada produk. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2015). SNI-2690-2015. Rumput laut kering. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2016a). SNI-8208-2016. Garam diet. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2016b). SNI-3556-2016. Garam konsumsi beriodium. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Cardoso, M. S., Pereira, O. R., Seca, A. M. L., Pinto, D. C. G. A., & Silva, A. M. S. (2015). Seaweeds as preventive agents for cardiovascular diseases: from nutrients to functional foods. Marine Drugs, 13(11), 838-6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13116838.
Costa J. F. D., Merdekawati, W., & Otu, F. R. (2018). Analisis proksimat, aktivitas antioksidan, dan komposisi pigmen Ulva lactuca L. dari Perairan Pantai Kukup. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi, 17(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.33508/jtpg.v17i1.1697.
Daud, R. (2013). Pengaruh masa tanam terhadap kualitas rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Media Akuakultur. 8(2), 135–138. https://doi.org/10.15578/ma.8.2.2013.135-138.
Diachanty, S., Nurjanah, & Abdullah, A. (2017). Aktivitas antioksidan berbagai jenis rumput laut cokelat dari Perairan Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(5), 305-318. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i2.18013.
Erniati, Syahrial, Erlangga, Imanullah, & Andhika, Y. (2024). Aktivitas antioksidan dan total fenol rumput laut Sargassum sp. dari Perairan Simeulue Aceh. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 27(3), 186-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v27i3.46981.
Fachriyah, E., Kusrini, D., Haryanto, I. B., Wulandari, S. M. B., Lestari, W. I., & Sumariyah. (2020). Phytochemical test, determination of total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam). Journal of Scientific and Applied Chemistry, 23(8), 290-294. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.8.290-294.
Fijalkowska, A., Nowacka, M., Wiktor, A., Sledz, M., & Witrowa-Rajchert, D. (2015). Ultrasound as a pretreatment method to improve drying kinetics and sensory properties of dried apple. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 39(3), 256-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12217.
Garcia, E. J., Oldoni, T. L. C., Alencar, S. M. D., Reis, A., Cio, A. D. L, & Grande, L. H. M. (2012). Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of potential solutions to be applied on bleached teeth. Brazilian Dental Journal, 23(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402012000100004.
Gazali, M., Nurjanah, N., Husni, A., Nufus, C., Aulia, B. R., Febrina, C. D., & Syafiyri, R. (2022). The potential secondary metabolites of macroalgae Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (1824) from the Coast of West Aceh as raw material of body scrub. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 24(2), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.70504.
Gerasimenko, N. I., Busarova, N. G., & Moiseenko, O. P. (2010). Seasonal changes in the content of lipids, fatty acids, and pigments in brown alga costaria costata. Russian Journal of Plant Physiol, 57(2), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102144371002007X.
Grober, U, Schmidt, J., & Kisters, K. (2015). Magnesium in prevention and therapy. Nutrients, 7(9), 8199-8226. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095388.
Gunawan, I. F. (2024). Pengaruh perlakuan blanching terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia tepung rumput laut (Sargassum polycystum). [Skripsi]. Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
Guntari, A., Sholehah, K., Irna, N., & Fistianingrum, W. (2015). Penentuan parameter non spesifik ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana) pada variasi asal daerah. Jurnal Farmasains, 2(5), 202-207.
Harborne JB. (1987). Metode Fitokimia Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Kosasih P dan Iwang SJ, penerjemah. ITB Press.
Hatch-McChesney A., & Lieberman, H. R. (2022). Iodine and iodine deficiency: a comprehensive review of a re-emerging issue. Nutrients, 14(17), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173474.
Hunterlab. (2012). Hunter L, a, b, vs CIE L*, a*, b*: measuring color using hunter L, a, b, versus CIE 1976 L*, a*, b*. Hunter Associates Laboratory Inc.
Hutching, J. B. (1999). Food Color and Appearance. Gaithersburg: Aspen Publisher. Inc, Maryland.
Ismail, A. A. A., & Ismail, N. A. (2016). Magnesium: a mineral essential for health yet generally underestimated or even ignored. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 6(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000523.
Jin, W., Zhang, M., & Shi, W. (2016). Evaluation of ultrasound pretreatment and drying methods on selected quality attributes of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Drying Technology, 37(3), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2018.1458735.
Johnson, M., Kanimozhi, A.S., Malar, T. R. J. J., Shibila, T., Freitas, P. R., Tintino, S. R., Menezes, I. R. A., da Costa, J. G. M., & Coutinho, H. D. M. (2019). The antioxidative effects of bioactive products from Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum J. Agardh against inflammation and other pathological issues. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 46(7), 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.06.014.
Juarez-Enriquez, E., Olivas, G. I., Zamudio-Flores, P.B., Ortega-Rivas, E., Perez-Vega, S., & Sepulveda, D. R. (2019). Effect of water content on the flowability of hygroscopic powders. Journal of Food Engineering, 205(30), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.024.
Kalasariya, H. S., Pereira, L., & Patel, N. B. (2022). Pioneering role of marine macroalgae in cosmeceuticals. Phycology, 2(1), 172–203 https://doi.org/10.3390/phycology2010010.
Kim, S. J., Lee, J. Y., Yoon, S. R., Lee, H. W., & Ha, J. H. (2019). Regression analysis for predicting the fermentation state of packaged kimchi using a colorimetric indicator. Journal of Food Engineering, 240(8), 65−72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.06.031.
Koivikko, R., Loponen, J., Honkanen, T., & Jormalainen, V. (2005). Contents of soluble, cell-wall-bound and exuded phlorotannins in the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus with implications on their ecological functions. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31(1), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s/10886-005-0984-2.
Kumar, M., Gupta, V., Kumari, P., Reddy, C. R. K., & Jha, B. (2011). Assesment of nutrien composition and antioxidant pontential of Caulerpaceae seaweeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.07.007.
Kurnia, F. L., Hunaefi, D., Yuliana, N. D., Fuhrmann, P., Smetanska, I., & Yasuda, S. (2023). Characterization of physicochemical properties and sensory profile of red oncom in Dramaga District Bogor Regency. Canrea Journal: Food Technology, Nutritions, and Culinary, 6(2), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.20956/canrea.v6i2.1013.
Kusumaningrum, R., Supriadi, A., & Hanggita, S. R. J. (2013). Karakteristik dan mutu teh bunga lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Jurnal Fishtech, 2(1), 9-21.
Kusumorini, A., Nugroho, A. K., Pramono, S., & Martien, R. (2022). Determination of the potential antioxidant activity of isolated piperine from white pepper using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Majalah Farmaseutik. 18(4), 454-461. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i4.70246.
Liswandari, M. S., Lantang, D., & Dirgantara, S. (2018). Uji aktivitas antibakteri alga hijau (Ulva sp.) dari Pantai Sorido biak terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacy Medical Journal, 1(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.35799/pmj.1.1.2018.19646.
Litaay, C., & Arfah, H. (2019). Species composition, frequency and total density of seaweeds. International Journal of Development Research, 9(1), 25214-25215.
Lotfy, R. A., Fahmy, D. M., & Ahmed, M. A. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative determination of secondary metabolites of 26 medicinal plants from Southeastern of Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 65(2), 299-316. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejdr.2015.5956.
Madhu, C., Krishna, K. M., Reddy, K. R., Lakshmi, P. J., & Kelari, E. K. (2017). Estimation of crude fibre content from natural food stuffs and its laxative activity induced in rats, International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences, 5(3), 1703-1706. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2017.03.04.
Manteu, S. H., Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Nurhayati, T., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021). Efektivitas karbon aktif dalam pembuatan garam rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Padina minor). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 24(3), 407-416. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i3.26692.
Manteu, S. H., Nurjanah, & Nurhayati, T. (2018). Karakterisitik rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Padina minor) dari Perairan Pohuwato Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(2), 396-405. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i3.24709.
Marsell, P., Simal, T. R., & Warella, J. C. (2018). Analisis kadar air dan kadar abu teh berbahan dasar daun lamun (Enhalus acoroides). Biopendik Jurnal Biologi Pendidikan dan Terapan, 8(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol8issue1pag-e16-21.
Mclean, N. M., & Wang, N. X. (2021). Chapter three–potassium. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 96(2), 89-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.013.
Meiyasa, F., Nurjanah, Tarigan, N., Putri, R. M. J., Seulale, A. V., Hutar, M. M. A., Hana, A. T., & Fery, U. (2024). The potency of Ulva reticulata as natural flavoring to prevent hypertension. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(5), 1679–1697.
Moharram, H. A., & Youssef, M. M. (2014). Methods for determining the antioxidant activity: a review. Alexandria Journal of Food Science and Technology, 11(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/ajfs.journals.ekb.eg/article_20251_46bd1a0433e6dc694a\7953b19fd1868.pdf.
Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
Mubasheera, M. G., & Prasad, H. M. G. (2021). Medicinal use of an a brown seaweed ancient algae Sargassum polycystum: a review. Clinical Medicine and Health Research Journal, 1(2), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.18535/cmhrj.v1i2.15.
Munteanu, I. G., & Apetrei C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380.
Narsa, A. C., Salman, A. A., & Prabowo, W. C. (2022). Identifikasi metabolit sekunder dan profil farmakognosi kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L) sebagai bahan baku farmasi terbarukan. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, 4(6), 645-653. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v4i6.1551.
Nissa, R. N. A. (2024). Kraakterisasi Ekstrak Florotanin Sargassum polycystum dan Uji Aktivitasnya sebagai Kandidat Antidiabetes. [Tesis]. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Nufus, C., Nurjanah, & Abdullah, A. (2017). Karakteristik rumput laut hijau dari Perairan Kepulauan Seribu dan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat sebagai antioksidan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(3), 620-632. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/278/1/012050.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Darusman, H. S., Diaresty, J. V. G., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021a). The antioxidant activity of seaweed salt from Sargassum polycystum Sprague-Dawleymale White rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science, 12(4), 2601-2609. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i4. 4912.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Hidayat, T., Seulalae, A. V., & Rahmawati, K. (2022d). Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut sebagai Bahan Baku Kosmetik. Unsyiah Press.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Jacoeb, A. M., Prameswari, D. K., & Seulalae, A.V. (2022a, 6-7 September). Effect of the ratio Limnocharis sp. and Sargassum sp. on the characteristics of seaweed salt, in The 5th EMBRIO International Symposium; Sustainable Development of Fisheries and Marine Resource Amidst Covid-19 Era and Beyond, EIS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1033/1/012049.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., & Nufus, C. (2018). Karakteristik sediaan garam Ulva lactuca dari Perairan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat bagi pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i1.21455.
Nurjanah, Abdullah, A., Rahmadhani, A., & Seulalae, A. V. (2022b). Antioxidant activity and combination characteristics of filtrates and Sargassum polycystum seaweed salt residue. Kuwait Journal of Science, 49(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.11807.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Amanda, N. D, & Seulalae, A.V. (2022c, September 6-7). Characteristics of seaweed salt residue Sargassum polycystum and coffee dregs as raw materials for body scrubs, in The 5th EMBRIO International Symposium: Sustainable Development of Fisheries and Marine Resource Amidst Covid-19 Era and Beyond, EIS. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1033/1/012049.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Bestari, E., & Seulalae, A. V. (2020b). Karakteristik bubur rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa dan Turbinaria conoides sebagai bahan baku body lotion. Jurnal Akuatek, 1(2), 73-83.
Nurjanah, Jacoeb, A. M., Ramlan, & Abdullah, A. (2020a). Penambahan genjer (Limnocharis flava) pada pembuatan garam rumput laut hijau untuk penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(3), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32462.
Nurjanah, Nurilmala, M., Abdullah, A., Seulalae, A. V., & Fauzan, R. (2021b). Characteristics of Eucheuma denticulatum and Turbinaria conoides porridge as body lotion materials. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(4), 1521-1536.
Nurjanah, Nurilmala, M., Alfarizi, S., Rochima, E., Wahyuni, D. S., & Seulalae, A. V. (2024). Characterization of seaweed healthy salt from Indonesian Ulva lactuca and Chaetomorpha sp. flour, in The 6th EMBRIO International Symposium: “Ocean for Prosperity: Sustainably Use of the Ocean Resources for Economic Growth, Improvement of Livelihoods, and Preserve its Ocean Ecosystem Health” (EIS 2023), Bogor, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411209002.
Nurjanah, N., Jacoeb, A. M., Abdullah, A., Priyanto, J. A., Nurdin, N. M., & Seulalae, A. V. (2023b). Study of Actinotrichia fragilis Indonesian red seaweed as raw material for healthy salt. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology, 18(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.753.
Nurjanah, Ramlan, Jacoeb, A. M., & Seulalae, A. V. (2023a). Komposisi kimia tepung dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Ulva lactuca dan genjer (Limnocharis flava) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan garam rumput laut. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 18(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v18i1.931.
Nurjanah, Ramli, R. L., Jacoeb, A. M., & Seulalae, A. V. (2021c). Jurnal Standardisasi, 23(3), 227-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v23i3.895.
Nurpalah, R., & Rosita, N. (2014). Gambaran kadar natrium (Na) pada pasien hipertensi dengan rentang usia 31-55 tahun. Jurnal Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada, 11(1), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.36465/jkbth.v11i1.57.
Othman, R., Bakar, A. E. A., Fadzillah, N. A., & Amin, N. A. M. (2019). Carotenoid pigments of red, green and brown macroalgae species as potential active pharmaceutical ingredients. Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 9(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2019.09.01.3.
Penalver, R., Lorenzo, J. M., Ros, G., Amarowicz, R., Pteiro, M., & Nieto, G. (2020). Seaweeds as a functional ingredient for a healthy diet. Marine Drugs, 18(6), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18060301.
Polii, R., Engka, J. N. A., & Sapulete, I. M. (2016). Hubungan kadar natrium dengan tekanan darah pada remaja di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Jurnal e-biomedik, 4(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v4i2.14862.
Qalsum, U., Diah, A.W. M., & Supriadi. (2015). Analisis kadar karbohidrat, lemak dan protein dari tepung biji mangga (Mangifera indica L) jenis gadung. Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 4(4), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2015.v4.i4.7867.
Rahmayani, U., Pringgenies, D., & Djunaedi, A. (2013). Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar keong bakau (Telescopium telescopium) dengan pelarut yang berbeda terhadap metode DPPH (Diphenyl Picril Hidrazil). Journal of Marine Research, 2(4), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v2i4.3682.
Redjeki, S., Muchtadi, D. F. A., & Putra, M. R. A. (2020). Garam sehat rendah natrium menggunakan metode basah. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 4(2), 63-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jurnal_tekkim.v14i2.2040.
Refnaldi, I. A. A., Efendi, D. H., & Sukanta. (2017). Perbandingan aktivitas antioksidan alami rutin terhadap antioksidan butyl hidroksi anisol (BHA) dengan metode peredaman 1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). Prosiding Seminar, 3(2), 316-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.7930.
Ribeiro, S. M. R., Barbosa, L. C. A., Queiroz, J. H., Knodler, M., & Schieber, A. (2008). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Brazilian mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties. Food Chemistry, 110(3), 620-626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.067.
Rios-Mera, J. D., Selani, M. M., Patinho, I., Saldana, E., & Contreras-Castillo, C. S. (2021). Modification of NaCl structure as a sodium reduction strategy in meat products: an overview. Meat Science, 174, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108417.
Rodrigues, D., Freitas, A. C., Pereira, L., Rocha-santos, T. A., Vasconcelos, M., Roriz, M., Rodriguez-alcala, L., Gomes, A. M., & Duarte, A. (2015). Chemical composition of red, brownn, and green macroalga from buarcos bay in central west Coast of Portugal. Food Chemistry, 183, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.057.
Safia W, Budiyanti M, & Musrif, M. (2020). Kandungan nutrisi dan senyawa bioaktif rumput laut (Euchema cottonii) yang dibudidayakan dengan teknik rakit gantung pada kedalaman berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(2), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i2.29460.
Sari, H. A., & Widjanarko, S. B. (2015). Karakteristik kimia bakso sapi (kajian proporsi tepung tapioka: tepung porang dan penambahan. Jurnal pangan dan Agroindustri, 3(3), 784-792.
Savitri, I., Suhendra, L., & Wartini, N. M. (2017). Pengaruh jenis pelarut pada metode maserasi terhadap karakteristik ekstrak Sargassum polycystum. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 5(3), 93-101.
Seulalae, A. V., Prangdimurti, E., Adawiyah, D. R., & Nurjanah. (2023). Evaluasi tingkat keasinan relatif dan profil sensori garam rumput laut menggunakan metode magnitude estimation dan rate-all-that-apply (RATA). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 26(1), 54-66. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v26i1.44466.
Simbolon N. P. E., Legowo, A. M., & Setiani, B. E. (2019). Estimation of shelf life pasta spice for dekke mas na niura with the accelerated shelf life test (ASLT) method arrhenius equation. Journal of Applied Food Technology, 6(2), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.17728/jaft.5170.
Sine, Y., Soetarto, E. S. (2018). Perubahan kadar vitamin dan mineral pada fermentasi tempe gude (Cajanus cajan L.). Jurnal Saintek Lahan Kering, 1(1), 1-3.
Stangeland, T., Remberg, S. F., & Lye, K. A. (2009). Total antioxidant activity in 35 Ugandan fruits and vegetables. Food Chemistry, 113(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.026.
Strazzullo, P., & Leclercq, C. (2014). Nutrient information. Advances in Nutrition, 5, 188–190. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.113.005215.
Susanti, N. N., Sukmawardani, Y., & Musfiroh, I. (2016). Analisis kalium dan kalsium pada ikan kembung dan ikan gabus. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 3(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v3i1.7913.
Syad, A. N., Shunmugiah, K. P., & Kasi, P. D. (2013). Seaweed as nutritional supplements: analysis of nutritional profile, physicochemical properties and proximate composition of G. acerosa and S. wightii. Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 3(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIONUT.2012.12.002.
Syahputra, D. M., Nazaruddin, & Cicilia, S. (2021). The effects of carrageenan addition on the quality of broiler chicken meatballs. International Journal of Advance Tropical Food (IJATF), 3(2), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.26877/ijatf.v3i2.9610.
Sumaiyah, Masfria, & Dalimunthe, A. (2018). Determination of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antimutagenic activity of ethanol extract nanoparticles of Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.F) schott leaves. RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, 11(2), 505-510. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2018.1122068.
Sumandiarsa, I. K., Hamida, N., Santoso, J., & Tarman, K. (2022). Antioxidant activities from different parts of Sargassum polycystum thalli through ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) method. Omni-Akuatika, 18(2), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2022.18.2.907.
Tabotubun, A. M. (2018). Komposisi kimia rumput laut Caulerpa lentilifera dari Perairan Kei Maluku dengan metode pengeringan berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i1.21257.
Teheni, M. T., & Syamsidar, H. S. (2013). Penentuan kadar dan distribusi spasial logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii asal perairan Kab. Takalar dengan metode spektrofotometer serapan atom (SSA). Al-Kimia, 1(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-kimia.v1i1.1575.
Teshome, K. (2019). Effect of tea processing methods on biochemical composition and sensory quality of black tea (Camelliansis (L.) O. Kuntze): a review. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 11(6), 84– 95. https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2019.0588.
Tuina, F., Naiu, S., & Yusuf N. S. (2013). Penentuan lama pengeringan dan laju perubahan mutu nike (Awaous melanocephalus) kering. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 1(2), 96-102. https://doi.org/10.37905/.v1i2.1227.
Tulungnen, R. S., Sapulete, I. M., & Pangemanan, D. H. C. (2016). Hubungan kadar kalium dengan tekanan darah pada remaja di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Jurnal Kedokteran Klinik, 1(2), 37-45.
Vaudin, A., Wambogo, E., Moshfegh, A. J., & Sahyoun, N. R. (2022). Sodium and potassium intake, the sodium to potassium ratio, and associated characteristics in older adults, NHANES 2011-2016, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 22(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.012. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
Venughopal, J. P. (2010). Omega-3 polyunsaturated acids and cardiovaskular disease: notable ethnic differences or unfulfilled promise. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 8(10), 2095-2104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03956.x.
Viola, A. N., Udedi, S. C., Ezeonu, F. C, Orji, F. A., Ezeanyanaso, C. S., Brai, B. I. C, Shode, F.O., & Elemo, G. N. (2017). An analysis of food value and some selected secondary metabolites of Emilia coccinea (Asteraceae) lea. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/JOCAMR/2017/29763.
Vongsak, B., Sithisarn, P., Mangmool, S., Thongpraditchote, S., Wongkrajang., & Gritsanapan, W. (2013). Maximizing total phenolocs, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by the appropriate extraction method. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 566-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.09.021.
Widowati, H., Sulistiani, W. S., & Sutanto, A. (2017). Penaruh proses pengolahan terhadap kadar logam berat dan kadar gizi pada kacang panjang. BIOEDUKASI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, 8(2), 171-175. https://doi.org/10.24127/ bioedukasi.v8i2.1075.
Widyartini, D. S, Insan, A. I, & Sulistyani. (2012). Keanekaragaman morfologi rumput laut Sargassum dari pantai permisan cilacap dan potensi sumberdaya alginatnya untuk industri. Prosiding Seminar Nasional, 3(1), 61-66.
[WHO] World Health Organization. (2012a). Guideline: potassium intake and for adults and children. World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. (2012b). Guideline: sodium and potassium intake and for adults and children. World Health Organization.
Zambrano, M. V., Dutta, B., Mercer, D. G., & MacLean, H. L. (2019). Assessment of moisture content measurement methods of dried food products in small-scale operations in developing countries: a review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 88, 484-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.006.
Zheng H, Zhao Y, & Guo L. (2022). A bioactive substance derived from brown seaweeds: phlorotannins. Marine Drugs, 20, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120742.
Authors
Ramlan R., Prangdimurti E., Adawiyah D. R., & Nurjanah N. (2024). Karakteristik fisik, kimiawi, dan fungsional tepung Sargassum polycystum sebagai bahan baku pembuatan garam fungsional: Physical, chemical, and functional characteristics of Sargassum polycystum flour as raw material for production of functional salt. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 27(11). https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v27i11.59103
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Article Details
