Kandungan Senyawa Polifenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Tumbuhan Apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) dengan Metode Pengeringan yang Berbeda Polyphenol Compounds and Antioxidant activity of Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) Leaf Extract with Different Drying Methods
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11 July 2022
8 August 2022
Abstrak
Radikal bebas yang meningkat dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel dan jaringan di dalam tubuh. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya kemampuan antioksidan dalam meredam paparan radikal bebas sehingga membutuhkan antioksidan di luar tubuh. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan yaitu tumbuhan apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) karena memiliki golongan senyawa polifenol, namun senyawa polifenol bersifat termolabil sehingga proses pengeringan merupakan hal penting dalam proses preparasi dan ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengekstraksi senyawa polifenol dari daun tumbuhan apu-apu dengan metode pengeringan yang berbeda dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan senyawa tersebut. Pengeringan dilakukan dengan tiga metode yang berbeda, yaitu pengeringan matahari, oven pada suhu 40ºC, dan pengeringan beku (freeze drying) dengan tiga pengulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut Duncan dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik. Ekstraksi menghasilkan nilai rendemen tertinggi pada pengeringan beku (15,64±1,19%) dan terendah pada pengeringan matahari (8,48±3,34%). Pengujian total polifenol dan flavonoid menghasilkan nilai tertinggi pada pengeringan beku, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 32,94±1,34 mg GAE/g sampel kering dan 146,80±5,29 mg QE/g sampel kering, sedangkan terendah pada pengeringan matahari. Adapun tingkat aktivitas antioksidan pada pengeringan beku dengan IC50 sebesar 266,33±5,77 mg/mL dan pengeringan oven sebesar 305,67±22,85 mg/mL yang memiliki aktivitas yang lebih efektif dalam menghambat radikal bebas jika dibandingkan dengan metode pengeringan matahari dengan IC50 sebesar 462,67±56,52 mg/mL). Pada peneilitian ini disimpulkan bahwa metode pengeringan beku dan oven dapat menjadi pilihan sebagai metode pengeringan yang tepat dalam mengekstrak senyawa polifenol dan flavonoid yang digunakan sebagai bahan antioksidan.
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Penulis
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