Penambahan Bekatul dan Angkak pada Produk Agar-agar sebagai Alternatif Cemilan Pengikat Kolesterol
Abstract
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Indonesia reaches 11.2%. Hypercholesterolemia can occur due to lack of exercise, consume too much food containing fat and cholesterol, and lack of fiber intake. Rice bran and red yeast rice contain fiber and phytochemical compounds that can reduce cholesterol, including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics. The purpose of this study is to use rice bran and red yeast rice as an alternative snack that can potentially bind cholesterol. Rice bran and red yeast rice are added to agar to obtain gelatin snacks with high fiber content and phytochemical compounds. Agar is made into three formulas. Hedonic rating tests have been carried out, so that obtain the formula that is most preferred by consumers. The test results show that the formula with the addition of sodium citrate of 0.3% is most preferred, with the addition of bran and red yeast rice each of 30 and 0.8 grams and the use of agar for 7 grams. Gelatin products contain 14.80% food fiber and total flavonoids by 0.02%. The total phenolic was not detected in agar products. The results of the cholesterol-binding test in vitro showed that gelatin products can bind cholesterol by 60.11%.Downloads
References
Abdillah F. 2013. Studi Awal Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Starter Monascus purpureus Terhadap Kadar Lovastatin dalam Angkak Sagu. Malang (ID): Akademi Analisis Farmasi dan Makanan Putra Indonesia.
Al-Numair KS, Chandramohan, G, Alsaif MA, Veeramani C, El Newehy AS. 2014. Morin, a flavonoid, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental myocardial ischemic rats. Aft J Tradit Complement Altern Med 11(3): 14-20.
[AOAC] Assosiation of Official Analytical Chemist. 1999. Official Method of Analysis. AOAC Interna-tional. Washington DC.
Ardiansyah. 2008. Bekatul untuk Menurunkan Hipertensi dan Hiperlipidemia. Jakarta (ID): Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Azzmi MU. 2012. Pembuatan Mi Bekatul Beras Merah Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea babatas blackie) Kaya Antioksidan. [Skripsi]. Solo: Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Sebelas Maret.
[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2004. Monografi Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Volume 1. Jakarta.
[BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2016. Pengawasan Klaim pada Label dan Iklan Pangan Olahan. Jakarta.
Bottger S, Melzig MF. 2013. Pengaruh saponin pada kolesterol membran sel. Kimia Bioorganik dan Obat. Bioorganic Med Chem 21(22): 7118-7124. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.008.
Briliantama A 2017. Pengikatan Kolesterol In Vitro pada Ekstrak Angkak dan Bekatul Serta Pemanfaatannya sebagai Minuman Fungsional Serbuk Instan. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Dalimartha S. 2005. Ramuan Tradisional untuk Pengoba-tan Diabetes Mellitus. Penebar Swadaya. Bogor.
Das M, Malipeddi H, Nambiraj NA, Rajan R. 2015. Phytochemical analysis. antioxidant activity and in vitro growth inhibition of struvite crystals by ipomoea eriocarpa leaf extracts. J Food Biochem 40: 148–160. DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12205.
Hamid AW. 2016. Aktivitas Antioksidan Hasil Fraksinasi Ekstrak Etanol Angkak dan Bekatul dengan Metode Reduksi Ferri (FRAP). [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Hasim, Hasanah Q, Andrianto D, Faridah DN. 2018. Aktivitas antioksidan dan antihiperlipideamia in vitro dari campuran ekstrak angkak dan bekatul. J Teknoln Industri Pangan 29(2): 145-154. DOI: 10.1066/jtip. 2018.2.145.
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Juraimi AS, Tayebi-Meigooni A. 2015. Comparative evaluation of dif-ferent extraction techniques and solvent for the assay of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of hashemi rice bran.
Molecules 20: 10822-10838. DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610822.
Gunasekaran B, Salvamani S, Azlan A, Ahmad SA, Yeap SK, Shukor MY. 2015. Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic potential of Basella alba leaf extract in hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. Evidence-based Complementary Altern Med 2: 1-7.
Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S. 2008. Krause’s Food and Nutrition Therapy 12th edition. Saunders Elsevier. Philadelphia.
Matsui Y, Kobayashi K, Musada H, Kigoshi H, Akao M, Sakurai H. 2009.
Quantitative Analysis of saponins in a tea-leaf extract anfd their antihypercho-lesterolimic activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73(7): 153-1519. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90003.
Moko EM, Purnomo HKJ, Ijong FG. 2014. Phyto-chemical content and antioxidant properties of colored and non colored varieties of rice bran from Minahasa. North Sulawesi. Indonesia. Int Food Res J 21: 1053-1059.
Nurjanah, Pipih S, Lila R. 2007. Pembuatan tepung puding instan karaginan. Bul Teknologi Hasil Perikanan 10(1): 59-69.
Park HJ, Kim IS. 2011. Antioxidant activities and anticancer effect of red yeast rice grown in the medium containing garlic. Food Sci Biotech 20: 297-302. DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0042-5.
Pourmorad F, Hossenimehr SJ, Shahabimajd N. 2006. Antioxidant activity. phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicial plants. African J Biotech 5: 1142-1145.
Ramırez-Jimenez AK, Reynoso-Camacho R, Tejero ME, Leon-Galvan F, Loarca-Pina G. 2015. Potential role of bioactive compounds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. on lipids-lowering mechanisms. Food Res Int 76(1): 92-104. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.002.
[Riskesdas]. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. 2013. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemente-rian Kesehatan RI. Riskesdas. Jakarta.
Wallace TC, Giusti MM. 2014. Anthocyanins in Health and Disease. CRC Press. Boca Raton. DOI: 10.1201/b15554.
Wanti S. 2008. Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Beras terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Angkak oleh Monascus purpureous. [Skripsi]. Solo: Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Wahdania F, Pramono A. 2012. Pengaruh pemberian kefir susu sapi terhadap kadar kolesterol total tikus jantan sprague dawley. J Nutr College (UNDIP). 1(1): 224-228.
Wheeler KB, Garleb KA. 1991. Gamma orizanol-plant sterol supplementation: metabolic. endocrine and physiologic effect. International J Sport Nutr 1: 170-177. DOI: 10.1123/ijsn.1.2.170.
Widarta IWR, Nocianitri KA, Sari LPIP. 2013. Ekstraksi komponen bioaktif bekatul beras local dengan beberapa jenis pelarut. J Aplikasi Teknol Pangan 2: 75-79.
Widyaningsih TD, Dhesti AP. 2014. Pengaruh pemberian liang teh cincau hitam (Mesona palustris BL) terhadap kadar kolesterol tikus wistar. J Pangan dan Agroindustri 2(2): 103-109
Zhang Z, Ali Z, Khan SI, Khan IA. 2016. Cytotoxic monacolins from red yeast rice. a Chinese medicine and food. Food Chem 202: 262–268. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.039.
