EMISI ENERGI DAN KEBIJAKAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK: STUDI KOMPARASI ANTARA CHINA DAN INDONESIA
Abstrak
Negara China dan Indonesia termasuk negara dengan populasi besar dan penyumbang emisi karbon dioksida dunia. Salah satu langkah untuk mengurangi emisi melalui adopsi kebijakan kendaraan listrik. Tingkat penetrasi kendaraan listrik di China dan Indonesia dapat berbeda karena pendekatan kebijakan yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini, metode analisis yang digunakan adalah studi komparasi bilateral dengan tinjauan pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, negara China telah mengadopsi kebijakan kendaraan listrik sejak tahun 2001 yang disertai dengan program dan insentif berkelanjutan. Sedangkan, Indonesia baru berfokus pada kendaraan listrik, khususnya kendaraan bermotor listrik berbasis baterai sejak tahun 2019. Melalui pendekatan pasar (permintaan dan penawaran) serta pendekatan infrastruktur diperoleh kondisi kebijakan di China dan Indonesia yang berbeda, serta dapat digunakan sebagai tolak ukur pengambilan keputusan bagi pemerintah Indonesia. Implikasi kebijakan dari hasil analisis, yaitu peningkatan insentif moneter dan non moneter bagi produsen serta konsumen, peningkatan partisipasi pemerintah daerah, dan memperjelas langkah eksekusi peta jalan kendaraan listrik Indonesia.
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