Induksi Perakaran pada Stek Pucuk Tiga Varietas Jambu Air Menggunakan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh IBA dan NAA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.1.70549Abstract
Indonesia memiliki beberapa varietas jambu air, antara lain ‘Madu Deli Hijau’, ‘Citra’, dan ‘Dalhari’. Ketiga varietas tersebut memiliki ciri khas rasa buah yang manis dan ukuran buah yang besar, serta berpotensi dikembangkan dan diperbanyak secara vegetatif melalui stek pucuk. Metode perbanyakan dengan stek memerlukan penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh berupa auksin untuk menginduksi pembentukan akar adventif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi terbaik zat pengatur tumbuh auksin NAA dan IBA, serta varietas terbaik dalam merangsang pembentukan akar pada stek pucuk jambu air. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga April 2024 di Mekar Hurip Nursery, Bogor. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan dua faktor dengan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Faktor pertama adalah kombinasi konsentrasi naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) pada taraf 0, 500, dan 1000 ppm serta indole butyric acid (IBA) pada taraf 0, 500, dan 1000 ppm. Faktor kedua adalah varietas jambu air, yaitu ‘Madu Deli Hijau’, ‘Dalhari’, dan ‘Citra’. Percobaan ini terdiri atas 27 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 108 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 2 stek, sehingga total stek yang digunakan sebanyak 216 stek. Kombinasi perlakuan 1000 ppm NAA dan 1000 ppm IBA menghasilkan respons pertumbuhan akar terbaik, terutama pada parameter jumlah akar dan volume akar. Varietas ‘Madu Deli Hijau’ menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan perakaran tertinggi. Terdapat interaksi nyata antara kombinasi NAA dan IBA dengan varietas terhadap parameter panjang akar.
Kata kunci: fitohormon, meristem apikal, perbanyakan vegetatif, tanaman induk
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