Keragaman Berbagai Genotipe Jagung Manis dan Pulut untuk Identifikasi Jagung Manis dengan Gen wxwx

Sri Indrayani; Arya Widura Ritonga; Wahyuni Wahyuni

doi:10.29244/agrob.14.1.69230

Authors

Sri Indrayani Program Studi Pemuliaan dan Bioteknologi Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University
Arya Widura Ritonga Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Wahyuni Wahyuni Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta–Bogor, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.14.1.69230

Abstract

Jagung manis dan jagung pulut merupakan komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi karena memiliki cita rasa manis dan tekstur pulen yang khas. Upaya penggabungan kedua sifat tersebut melalui pengembangan jagung manis–pulut memerlukan informasi mengenai keragaman karakter agronomi dan morfologi serta identifikasi galur jagung manis pembawa gen waxy (wxwx). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman karakter agronomi dan morfologi pada berbagai galur jagung pulut dan jagung manis serta mengidentifikasi galur jagung manis yang membawa gen wxwx melalui pengamatan fenotipe biji F1 hasil persilangan jagung pulut dengan jagung manis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Pasir Kuda, Bogor pada Desember 2024 hingga Maret 2025. Percobaan lapangan dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor, terdiri atas 3 galur jagung pulut dan 14 galur jagung manis. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan keragaman signifikan pada sebagian besar karakter agronomi dengan nilai heritabilitas tinggi kecuali lebar tassel (sedang), serta memiliki nilai koefisien keragaman genetik dari sedang sampai luas. Analisis klaster mengelompokkan genotipe menjadi dua kelompok utama, yaitu kelompok jagung pulut (P1–P3) dan kelompok jagung manis (P4–P17). Persilangan antara jagung pulut dengan jagung manis (P4 dan P5) menghasilkan fenotipe biji pulut, sedangkan persilangan antara jagung pulut dengan jagung manis (P6–P17) menghasilkan fenotipe biji pipil.

Kata Kunci: analisis klaster, fenotipe, heritabilitas, keragaman genetik

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