Biometric and biochemical characteristics of glass eels (Anguilla spp.) collected from Cimandiri Estuary, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia
Abstract
Glass eel viability determines the success of cultivation and governs the recruitment variability, as seeds in aquaculture and its wild population, respectively. This study aims to examine the quality of glass eel using biometric measurements coupled proximate contents. Glass eel collection was made montly by using lift-net like fishing gear in Cimandiry Estuary during December 2020 - April 2021. Biometric aspects were examined on length, weight, eye diameter, heart, and liver, whereas proximate was run on proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and ash. The results showed that length and weight steadily increased between month, though the condition factor was indifferent. Eye diameter and mouth opening confirm the vision of diurnal predatory fish. Heart and liver have demonstrated the metabolism capability and fast swimming fish favors to migratory catadromous fish. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and ash fluctuated between month, though insignificant between month comparison. No clear confirmation of proximate analysis on biometric characters. However, the glass eels with largest size in April might be best for aquaculture.
References
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Bergenius MAJ, Meekan MG. Robertson DR, McCormick MI. 2002. Larval Growth Predicts the Recruitment Success of a Coral Reef Fish. Oecologia. 131(4): 521-525.
Blakeslee CJ, Galbraith HS, Deems, RM. 2018. The Effects of Rearing Temperature on American Glass Eels. Agricultural Sciences. 9: 1070-1084.
Chen FY. 1979. Progress and problems of netcage culture of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) in Singapore. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. 10: 260-271.
Ciji A, Shahbaz Akhtar M, Dubey MK, Pandey A, Tripathi PH, Kamalam BS, Rajesh M, Sharma P. 2022. Comparative assessment of egg and larval quality traits of progeny from wild-collected and captive-matured brooders of endangered golden mahseer, Tor putitora: A prelude to quality broodstock development and seed production. Aquaculture. 552(2): 737942.
Dekić R, Savić N, Manojlović M, Golub D, Pavličević J. 2016. Condition factor and organosomatic indices of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Wal) from different brood stock. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 32(2): 229-237.
Effendie MI. 2002. Biologi Perikanan. Yogyakarta (ID): Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama.
Enes P, Panserat S, Kaushik S, Oliva-Teles AA. 2009. Nutritional regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in fish. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 35(3): 519 – 539.
Fahmi MR and Hirnawati. 2010. Keragaman ikan sidat tropis (Anguilla sp.) di perairan Sungai Cimandiri, Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi. Dalam: Sudrajat et al. (eds.). Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 2010: 1 – 8.
Fekri L, Affandi R, Rahardjo MF, Budiardi T, Simanjuntak CPH, Fauzan T, Indrayani. 2018. The effect of temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844). Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 17(2): 181–190.
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Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships : history, metaanalysis and recommendations. Journal Application Ichthyology. 22: 241–253.
Fujaya Y. 2004. Fisiologi Ikan, Dasar Pengembangan Teknik Perikanan. Jakarta (ID): Rineka Cipta.
Hakim AA, Kamal MM, Butet NA, Afandi R. 2015. Species composition of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in eight rivers flowing to Palabuhanratu Bay, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 7(2): 573 – 586.
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Korsmeyer KE, Chin Lai N, Shadwick RE, Graham JB. 1997. Heart rate and stroke volume contributions to cardiac output in swimming yellow fin tuna: response to exercise and temperature. Experimental Biology. 200(14): 1975-1986.
Morina G, Zainuddin, Masyitha D. 2017. Struktur histologi empedu dan pancreas ikan lele lokal (Clarias bathracus). JIMVET. 2(1): 30-34.
Nababan B, Nirmawan AD, Panjaitan JP. 2022. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration variabilities in the Palabuhanratu waters and its surrounding. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan. 13(2): 145-162.
Putri IW, Setiawati M, Jusadi D. 2016. Enzim pencernaan dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan mas, Cypirus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan tepung kunyit Curcuma longa Linn. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 17(11): 11-20.
Sari W, Oktavia IW, Cerianna R, Sunarti. 2016. Struktur mikroskopis hati ikan seurukan (Osteochilus vittatus) dari Sungai Krueng Sabee Kabupaten Aceh Jaya yang tercemar limbah penggilingan bijih emas. Jurnal Biotik. 4(1): 33-40.
Sembiring AY, Hendrarto B, Solichin A. 2015. Respon ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor) terhadap makanan buatan pada skala laboratorium. Diponegoro Journal of Maquares. 4(1): 1-8.
Seo JS, Choi JH, Seo H, Ahn TH, Chong WS, Kim SH and Cho HS and Ahn JC. 2013. Comparison of major nutrients in eels Anguilla japonica cultured with different formula feeds or at different farms. Fish Aquatic Science. 16:85-92.
Setyono BW, Junaidi M, Marzuki M, Paryono, Azhar F. 2018. Potency of eel Anguilla marmorata in north Lombok regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Aquasains, Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Sumberdaya Perairan. 6(2): 569-576.
Smith LS. 1982. Introduction to fish physiology. Washington(US): Publication. Inc.
Sugeha HY, Suharti SR, Wouthuyzen S, Sumadhiharga OK. 2008. Biodiversity, distribution, and abundance of the tropical angullid eels in the Indonesian Waters. Marine Research in Indonesia 33(2): 129-138.
Tanaka K, Mugiya Y, Yamada J. 1981. Effects of photoperiod and feeding on daily growth patterns in otoliths of juvenile Tilapia nilotica. Fishery Bulletin. 79(3): 459-466.
Triyanto, Affandi R, Kamal MM, Haryani GS. 2020. Population Dynamic and Exploitation Rate of Glass eel (Anguilla spp.) in Cimandiri River Estuary West Java, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - Bioflux Society (AACL Bioflux). 13(2): 529-538.
Ward-Campbell BMS, Beamish FWH. 2005. Ontogenic changes in morphology and diet in the snakehead, Channa limbata, a predatory fish in Western Thailand. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 72: 251-257.
Wijayanti I, Susilo ES. 2018. Proximate content of wild and cultured eel (Anguilla bicolor) in different part of body. IOP Conf. Series : Earth and Enviromental Science. 116: 1-8.
Wildan DM, Larasati NA, Affandi R, Mashar A. 2020. Karakter Biometrik Benih Ikan Sidat (Anguilla Bicolor Bicolor Mcclelland, 1844) Dari Kelompok Pertumbuhan Berbeda. Prosiding semnaskan UGM. Desember 2020 Jogjakarta
Yandes, Affandi R, Mokoginta I. 2003. Pengaruh pemberian selulosa dalam pakan terhadap kondisi biologis benih ikan gurami Osphronemus gouramy. Jurnal Ikhtiologi Indonesia. 3: 27–33.
Affandi R, Sjafei DS, Rahardjo MF, Sulistiono. 2005. Fisiologi ikan: Pencernaan dan penyerapan makanan. Bogor (ID): Departemen Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan FPIK IPB.
Anissya N. 2014. Makanan ikan lundu (Arius maculatus Thunberg, 1792) di Delta Cimanuk Pabean Ilir, Pasekan, Indramayu [skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bergenius MAJ, Meekan MG. Robertson DR, McCormick MI. 2002. Larval Growth Predicts the Recruitment Success of a Coral Reef Fish. Oecologia. 131(4): 521-525.
Blakeslee CJ, Galbraith HS, Deems, RM. 2018. The Effects of Rearing Temperature on American Glass Eels. Agricultural Sciences. 9: 1070-1084.
Chen FY. 1979. Progress and problems of netcage culture of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) in Singapore. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society. 10: 260-271.
Ciji A, Shahbaz Akhtar M, Dubey MK, Pandey A, Tripathi PH, Kamalam BS, Rajesh M, Sharma P. 2022. Comparative assessment of egg and larval quality traits of progeny from wild-collected and captive-matured brooders of endangered golden mahseer, Tor putitora: A prelude to quality broodstock development and seed production. Aquaculture. 552(2): 737942.
Dekić R, Savić N, Manojlović M, Golub D, Pavličević J. 2016. Condition factor and organosomatic indices of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Wal) from different brood stock. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 32(2): 229-237.
Effendie MI. 2002. Biologi Perikanan. Yogyakarta (ID): Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama.
Enes P, Panserat S, Kaushik S, Oliva-Teles AA. 2009. Nutritional regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in fish. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 35(3): 519 – 539.
Fahmi MR and Hirnawati. 2010. Keragaman ikan sidat tropis (Anguilla sp.) di perairan Sungai Cimandiri, Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi. Dalam: Sudrajat et al. (eds.). Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur 2010: 1 – 8.
Fekri L, Affandi R, Rahardjo MF, Budiardi T, Simanjuntak CPH, Fauzan T, Indrayani. 2018. The effect of temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844). Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 17(2): 181–190.
Fowler J, Cohen L. 1997. Practical statistics for field Biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships : history, metaanalysis and recommendations. Journal Application Ichthyology. 22: 241–253.
Fujaya Y. 2004. Fisiologi Ikan, Dasar Pengembangan Teknik Perikanan. Jakarta (ID): Rineka Cipta.
Hakim AA, Kamal MM, Butet NA, Afandi R. 2015. Species composition of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in eight rivers flowing to Palabuhanratu Bay, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 7(2): 573 – 586.
Hossain MAR, Batty RS, Haylor GS, Beveridge MCM. 1999. Diel rhythms of feeding activity in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Journal of Aquaculture. 30(11): 901-905.
Iglesias J, Fuentes L. 2014. Octopus vulgaris. Paralarval Culture. In: Cephalopod Culture, eds. Iglesias J, Fuentes L, and R. Villanueva (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands) p. 427–450.
Islamiyati R, Jamila, Hidayat AR. 2010. Nilai nutrisi ampas tahu yang difermentasi dengan berbagai level ragi tempe. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner, pp: 815-818.
Inoue JG, Miya M, Miller MJ, Sado T, Hanel R, Hatooka K, Aoyama J, Minegishi Y, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K. 2010. Deep-ocean origin of the freshwater eels. Biol. Lett. 6: 363-366.
Jisr N, Younes G, Sukhn C, El-Dakdouki MH. 2018. Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of fish inhabiting the marine area of the Eastern Mediterranean city, Tripoli-Lebanon. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 44(4): 299-305.
Kardin, Sara L, Pangerang UK. 2016. Beberapa aspek biologi ikan sidat (Anguilla sp.) di Sungai Mosolo Pulau Wawonii, Konawe Kepulauan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. 1(4): 355-365.
Korsmeyer KE, Chin Lai N, Shadwick RE, Graham JB. 1997. Heart rate and stroke volume contributions to cardiac output in swimming yellow fin tuna: response to exercise and temperature. Experimental Biology. 200(14): 1975-1986.
Morina G, Zainuddin, Masyitha D. 2017. Struktur histologi empedu dan pancreas ikan lele lokal (Clarias bathracus). JIMVET. 2(1): 30-34.
Nababan B, Nirmawan AD, Panjaitan JP. 2022. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration variabilities in the Palabuhanratu waters and its surrounding. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan. 13(2): 145-162.
Putri IW, Setiawati M, Jusadi D. 2016. Enzim pencernaan dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan mas, Cypirus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan tepung kunyit Curcuma longa Linn. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia. 17(11): 11-20.
Sari W, Oktavia IW, Cerianna R, Sunarti. 2016. Struktur mikroskopis hati ikan seurukan (Osteochilus vittatus) dari Sungai Krueng Sabee Kabupaten Aceh Jaya yang tercemar limbah penggilingan bijih emas. Jurnal Biotik. 4(1): 33-40.
Sembiring AY, Hendrarto B, Solichin A. 2015. Respon ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor) terhadap makanan buatan pada skala laboratorium. Diponegoro Journal of Maquares. 4(1): 1-8.
Seo JS, Choi JH, Seo H, Ahn TH, Chong WS, Kim SH and Cho HS and Ahn JC. 2013. Comparison of major nutrients in eels Anguilla japonica cultured with different formula feeds or at different farms. Fish Aquatic Science. 16:85-92.
Setyono BW, Junaidi M, Marzuki M, Paryono, Azhar F. 2018. Potency of eel Anguilla marmorata in north Lombok regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Aquasains, Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Sumberdaya Perairan. 6(2): 569-576.
Smith LS. 1982. Introduction to fish physiology. Washington(US): Publication. Inc.
Sugeha HY, Suharti SR, Wouthuyzen S, Sumadhiharga OK. 2008. Biodiversity, distribution, and abundance of the tropical angullid eels in the Indonesian Waters. Marine Research in Indonesia 33(2): 129-138.
Tanaka K, Mugiya Y, Yamada J. 1981. Effects of photoperiod and feeding on daily growth patterns in otoliths of juvenile Tilapia nilotica. Fishery Bulletin. 79(3): 459-466.
Triyanto, Affandi R, Kamal MM, Haryani GS. 2020. Population Dynamic and Exploitation Rate of Glass eel (Anguilla spp.) in Cimandiri River Estuary West Java, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - Bioflux Society (AACL Bioflux). 13(2): 529-538.
Ward-Campbell BMS, Beamish FWH. 2005. Ontogenic changes in morphology and diet in the snakehead, Channa limbata, a predatory fish in Western Thailand. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 72: 251-257.
Wijayanti I, Susilo ES. 2018. Proximate content of wild and cultured eel (Anguilla bicolor) in different part of body. IOP Conf. Series : Earth and Enviromental Science. 116: 1-8.
Wildan DM, Larasati NA, Affandi R, Mashar A. 2020. Karakter Biometrik Benih Ikan Sidat (Anguilla Bicolor Bicolor Mcclelland, 1844) Dari Kelompok Pertumbuhan Berbeda. Prosiding semnaskan UGM. Desember 2020 Jogjakarta
Yandes, Affandi R, Mokoginta I. 2003. Pengaruh pemberian selulosa dalam pakan terhadap kondisi biologis benih ikan gurami Osphronemus gouramy. Jurnal Ikhtiologi Indonesia. 3: 27–33.
Authors
KamalM. M., WildanD. M., Tatag Budiardi, Agus Oman Sudrajat, Ronny Irawan Wahju, Ridwan Affandi and Mala Nurilmala (2023) “Biometric and biochemical characteristics of glass eels (Anguilla spp.) collected from Cimandiri Estuary, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 13(4), pp. 634-643. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.13.4.634-643.
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