Kajian Serat dan Komponen Aktif Beras Analog dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. Study of Fibre and Active Components of Rice Analogue from Seaweed Gracilaria sp.
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Accepted
31 October 2022
Published
1 December 2022
Keywords:
-
antioxidants, bioactive components, Gracilaria sp., heavy metals, proximate
Abstract
Indonesia is the highest exporter of Gracilaria sp. seaweed and this seaweed contains high dietary fiber (64.74%), and also strong antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to determine the best formula based on fiber levels, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids from rice analogue from Gracilaria sp. Determination of rice analogue from seaweed Gracilaria sp. used complete random design (RAL), with three repeats, if the test results showed real difference than continued with duncan's test at a confidence level of 95%. The concentration of treatment is the addition of 0, 10, 13, and 16%. The resultsed of analysis according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2009) included foods of high fiber sources, with range of 6.09-10.77%. It contains bioactive components (alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids). The content of phenols, tannins, flavonoids ranges from 160,32-192,89 mg/ kg; 0,14-0,24%; 4,02-5,18 mg QE/g. The best formulation of rice analogue from based on fiber, phenols, tannins, flavonoids levels was at a concentration of 13%
References
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Hall, A. C., Fairclough, A. C., Mahadevan, K., & Paxman, J. R. (2012). Ascophyllum nodosum enriched bread reduces subsequent energy intake with no effect on postprandial glucose and cholesterol in healthy, overweight males. Journal Appetite, 58, 379-386. https://doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.002
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Ridwan, A., Astrian, R. T., & Barlian, A. (2012). Pengukuran efek antidiabetes polifenol (polyphenon 60) berdasarkan kadar glukosa darah dan histologi pankreas mencit (Mus musculus l.) s.w. jantan yang dikondisikan diabetes mellitus. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains,17(2), 78-82.
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Setiawati, N. P., Santoso, J., & Purwaningsih, S. (2014). Karakteristik beras analog dengan penambahan rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) sebagai sumber serat pangan. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 6, 197-208.
Son, Y. R., Choi, E. H., Kim, G. T., Park, T. S., & Shim, S. M. (2015). Bioefficacy of graviola leaf extracts in scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant genes. Journal Food and Fungtion Royal Society of Chemistry, 7(2), 61–71.
Trina, Fitmawati, & Sofiyanti, N. (2014). Identifikasi tumbuhan antidiabetes berdasarkan analisis kuantitatif asam tanat. JOM FMIPA, 1(2), 409-416.
Vinayak, R. C., Sabu, A. S., & Chatterji, A. (2010). Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 1-9. https://doi:10.1093/ecam/neq024
Zhu, Yan, Q., Huang, Y., & Chen, Z. Y. (2000). Insteractions between flavonoids and α-tocopherol in human low density lipoprotein. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11 (1), 14-21.
Tiong, S., Looi, C., Hazni, H., & Arya, A. (2013). Antidiabetic amd antioxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Journal Molecules, 18, 9770-9784.
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (2005). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemist. 18th Edition.
Alvarez, E. E., & Sanchez, P. G. (2006). Dietary fiber. Journal Nutrition Hospital, 21(2), 60-71.
Asp, N. G., Johansson, C. G., Hallmer, H., & Siljestrom, M. (1983). Rapid enzymic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fibre. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemical, 31(3), 476-482. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00117a003
Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2009). Alinorm 09/32/26. Appendix II. Report of the 30th session of the codex committee on nutrition and foods for special dietary uses. [diacu Jan 23 2021, dari http://www.codexalimentarius.net/dowload/report/ 710/al32 26e.pdf.
Chan, P. T., Matanjun, P., Yasir, S. M., & Tan, T. S. (2015). Antioxidant activities and polyphenolics of various solvent extracts of red seaweed, Gracilaria changii. J Appl Phycol, 27(6), 2377–2386. https://doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0493-1
Cox, S, Abu-Ghannam, N., & Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of six species of edible Irish seaweeds. International Food Journal, 17(1), 205-220. https://doi: 10.21427/D7HC92
Cuenca, A. R., Suarez, M. J. V., & Aparicio, I. M. (2008). Soybean seeds and its by-product okara as sources of dietary fibre, Measurement by AOAC and Englyst methods. Journal Food Chemistry, 8, 1099-1105. https://doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.061
Dal, S., & Sigrist, S. (2016). The Protective Effect of antioxidants consumption on diabetes and vascular complications. Diseases, 4(4):24. https://doi:10.3390/diseases4030024
Donelly, R. & Bilous. (2015). Buku pegangan diabetes. Edisi ke-4.
Fauzi, A. (2017). Karakteristik beras analog dengan penambahan rumput laut dan agar-agar [Skripsi]. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Hall, A. C., Fairclough, A. C., Mahadevan, K., & Paxman, J. R. (2012). Ascophyllum nodosum enriched bread reduces subsequent energy intake with no effect on postprandial glucose and cholesterol in healthy, overweight males. Journal Appetite, 58, 379-386. https://doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.002
Harborne, J. B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia. Penerbit ITB.
International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas Seventh Edition.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2018). Profil Peluang Komoditas Rumput Laut.
Kaczmarczyk, M. M., Miller, M. J., & Freund, G. G. (2012). The health benefits of dietary fiber: Beyond the usual suspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and colon cancer. Metabolism, 61(8),1058–1066. https://doi:10.1016/ j.metabol.2012.01.017
Liu, X., Zhu, L., Tan, J., Zhou, X., Xiao, L., & Yang, X. (2014). Glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of flavonoid compound and triterpenoid compound from Agrimonia pilosa Ledep. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, 12.
Liu, Y., Zou, L., Chen, W. H., Wang, B., & Xu, Z. (2006). Synthesis and pharmacological activities of xanthone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 14, 5683–5690.
Matsuda, H., Morikawa, T., Toguchida, I., & Yoshikawa, M. (2002). Structural requirements of flavonoids and related compounds for aldose reductase inhibitory activity. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 50(6), 788–795.
Mattjik, A. A., & Sumertajaya, I. M. (2000). Perancangan Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. IPB Pr.
Mohamed, S., Hashim, S. N., & Rahman, H. A. (2012). Seaweeds: A sustainable functional food for complementary and alternative therapy. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 23, 83-96.
Noviasari, S., Kusnandar, F., Setiyono, A., & Budijanto, S. (2017). Karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan sensori beras analog berbasis bahan pangan non beras. PANGAN, 26(1), 1-12. https://doi: 10.33964/jp.v26i1.347
Obiro, W. C., Zhang, T., & Jiang, B. (2008). The nutraceutical role of the Phaseolus vulgaris alphaamylase inhibitor. British Journal of Nutrition, 100, 1-2. https://doi: 10.1017/S0007114508879135
Prabha, V., Prakash, D. J., & Sudha, P. N. (2013). Analysis of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity of marine algae Kappaphycus alvarezii using three solvent extract. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 4(1), 306-310. https://doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232
Punitha, I. S. R., Shirwaikar, A., & Shirwaikar, A. (2006). Antidiabetic activity of benzyl tetra isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in streptozocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetalogia Croatica, 34,117-128.
Purwaningsih, S., & Deskawati, E. (2020). Karakteristik dan aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. asal Banten. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 23(3), 503-512. https://doi: 10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32808
Purwaningsih, S., Santoso, J., Handharyani, E., & Setiawati, N. P., & Deskawati, E. (2020a). Artificial rice from Gracilaria sp. as functional food to prevent diabetes. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 414. https://doi:10.1088/1755-1315/414/1/012017
Purwaningsih, S. (2020b). SR-GRAC Beras Alami dari Laut untuk Mencegah Diabet Di Era Milenial: Tahap Formulasi. Laporan penelitian PRN.
Qiu, Y. (2009). Antioxidant activity of commercial wild rice and characterization of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. [Thesis]. University of Manitoba.
Ridwan, A., Astrian, R. T., & Barlian, A. (2012). Pengukuran efek antidiabetes polifenol (polyphenon 60) berdasarkan kadar glukosa darah dan histologi pankreas mencit (Mus musculus l.) s.w. jantan yang dikondisikan diabetes mellitus. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains,17(2), 78-82.
Sadek, N. F., Yuliana, N. D., Prangdimurt, E. , Priyosoeryanto, B. P., & Budijanto, S. (2016). Potensi beras analog sebagai alternatif makanan pokok untuk mencegah penyakit degeneratif. PANGAN, 25(1), 61-70. https://doi: 10.33964/jp.v25i1.307
Setiawati, N. P., Santoso, J., & Purwaningsih, S. (2014). Karakteristik beras analog dengan penambahan rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) sebagai sumber serat pangan. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 6, 197-208.
Son, Y. R., Choi, E. H., Kim, G. T., Park, T. S., & Shim, S. M. (2015). Bioefficacy of graviola leaf extracts in scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant genes. Journal Food and Fungtion Royal Society of Chemistry, 7(2), 61–71.
Trina, Fitmawati, & Sofiyanti, N. (2014). Identifikasi tumbuhan antidiabetes berdasarkan analisis kuantitatif asam tanat. JOM FMIPA, 1(2), 409-416.
Vinayak, R. C., Sabu, A. S., & Chatterji, A. (2010). Bioprospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 1-9. https://doi:10.1093/ecam/neq024
Zhu, Yan, Q., Huang, Y., & Chen, Z. Y. (2000). Insteractions between flavonoids and α-tocopherol in human low density lipoprotein. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11 (1), 14-21.
Tiong, S., Looi, C., Hazni, H., & Arya, A. (2013). Antidiabetic amd antioxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Journal Molecules, 18, 9770-9784.
Authors
PurwaningsihS. (2022). Kajian Serat dan Komponen Aktif Beras Analog dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.: Study of Fibre and Active Components of Rice Analogue from Seaweed Gracilaria sp . Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 25(3), 382-392. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v25i3.40138
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