Maximum Tolerable Intake of Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) from the Tapak River, Semarang City, Indonesia, which Contains Cd and Pb Metals Asupan Maksimum Tiram Bakau (Crassostrea rhizophorae) yang Dapat Ditoleransi dari Sungai Tapak, Kota Semarang, Indonesia, yang Mengandung Logam Cd dan Pb
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Accepted
11 November 2022
Published
15 December 2022
Keywords:
-
Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mangrove oyster, MTI, Tapak river
Abstract
Mangrove oysters are a type of oyster typical for human consumption in Semarang City. The Tapak River in Semarang is a popular fishing ground for mangrove oysters, but it is also contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) metals. This research was determined to analyze the concentration of Cd and Pb metals in mangrove oyster meat from the Tapak River and determine the maximum tolerable intake for humans. Oysters were collected from 3 stations with 3 replicates per station. Metal concentrations in mangrove oyster meat were analyzed with a wet digestion method followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Most of the meat samples contained Cd exceeding standard concentrations for shellfish and all meat samples contained Pb exceeding the standard concentrations for shellfish. The maximum tolerable intake of Cd and Pb for human adults is 0.954 ± 0.431 mg week-1 and 0.164 ± 0.014 mg week-1 respectively.
References
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Haeruddin, Widowati I, Rahman A, Rumanti M, Iryanthony SB. 2021. Bioconcentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) in the coastal waters of Semarang Bay, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 2021, Volume 14, Issue 3. 1190 - 1104.
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Llobet JM, Falco G, Casas C, Teixido A, Domingo JL. 2003. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in common foods and estimated daily intake by children, adolescents, adults, and seniors of Catalonia, Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (3), 838–842.
Marjanto WD. 2005. Evaluation of Environmental Disputes (Kali Tapak Case Study, Semarang City. Thesis (unpublished). Postgraduate Program of Diponegoro University. (in Indonesian)
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Muctadi D. The Fishery Products Sciences - Module 1. http://repository.ut.ac.id/4254/1/ MMPI5303-M1.pdf (in Indonesian)
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Olsson IM, Bensryd I, Lundh T, Ottosson H, Skerfving S, Oskarsson A. 2002. Cadmium in blood and urine–the impact of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking–association of renal effects. Environ. Health Perspect. 110, 1185–1190
Oktawia P, Wójcik KL, Koenig, Jacquotte A, Costa M, Chen Y. 2010. The potential protective effects of taurine on coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 208(1): 19-21
Pedrouso-José ML, Cantalapiedra J, Zapata C, José MF, Franco, D. 2020. Aquaculture and By-Products: Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of Alternative Protein Sources and Bioactive Compounds. in Advances in Food and Nutrition Research.
Sokolowski A, Wolowicz M, Hummel H. 2003. Free amino acids in the clam Macoma balthica L. (Bivalvia, Mollusca) from brackish waters of the Southern Baltic Sea. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 134: 579–592.
Ysart G, Miller P, Croasdale M. 2007. 1997 UK Total Diet Study — dietary exposures to aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and zinc. Food Addit. Contam. 17 (9), 775–786
Wulandari EA, Sukesi. 2013. Preparing for the Determination of Metal Content of Pb, Cd and Cu in Red Seaweed Chicken Nuggets (Eucheuma cottonii). POMITS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ART Vol. 2, No.2, (2013) 2337-3520 (in Indonesian)
Weyermann M, Brenner, B. 1998. Factors Affecting Bone Demineralization and Blood Lead Levels of Postmenopausal Women—A Population-Based Study from Germany. Environmental Research, Section A 76, 19–25 (1998) Article No. ER973780
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2004. International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems Tenth Revision Volume 2 second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[APHA] American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. 1992. Standard Method for The Examination of Water and Wastewater. 1860th ed., APHA, Washington D.C, 2552 p.
APHA, AWWA, & WPCF. 1989. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington DC.
ATSDR. 2020. Toxicological Profile for Lead. National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Human Health and Human Services.
Bernard, A. 2008. Cadmium & its adverse effects on human health. Indian J Med Res. Oct;128(4):557-64.
Budiastuti P, Raharjo M, Dewanti NAY. 2016. Analysis of Lead Heavy Metal Pollution in Babon River Agency of Genuk District of Semarang. Journal of Public Health. 4(5) : 1-7. (in Indonesian).
Cahyani N, Batu DTFL, Sulistiono, 2016. [Heavy metal content of Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cu in Indonesian whiting (Sillago sihama) fish meat in the Donan River estuary, Cilacap, Central Java]. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 19(3):267-276. [In Indonesian].
Duncan, PF 2003. Shellfish, Commercially Important Molluscs. in Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition).
Egan SK, Bolger PM, Carrington CD. 2007. Update of US FDA's Total Diet Study food list and diets. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 17 (6), 573–582.
[EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2011 Statement on tolerable weekly intake for cadmium. EFSA Journal 9(2):1975.
FAO. 2020. Fishery statistical collections. Global production, global capture production, and global aquaculture production/. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Accessed March 24, 2020. Available at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-production/en, http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-capture-production/enand, http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-aquaculture-production/en
FAO. 1996. FAO yearbook vol. 82. Fishery statistic. Capture production. FAO. Rome.148 pp
Gulson BL, Mahaffey KR, Mizon KJ, Korsch MJ, Cameron MA, Vimpani G. 1995. Contribution of tissue leads to blood lead in adult female subjects based on stable lead isotope methods. J Lab Clin Med. 1995 Jun;125(6):703-12.
Haeruddin, Widowati I, Rahman A, Rumanti M, Iryanthony SB. 2021. Bioconcentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) in the coastal waters of Semarang Bay, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 2021, Volume 14, Issue 3. 1190 - 1104.
Hagino N, Kono M. 1955. A study on the cause of Itai-itai-disease. Proc 17th Mtg Japanese Soc of Clinical Surgeons (in Japanese). Hagino, N., Kono, M., 1955. A study on the cause of Itai-itai-disease. Proc 17th Mtg Japanese Soc of Clinical Surgeons (in Japanese).
Hautmann M, Ware, Buche H. 2017. Geologically oldest oysters were epizoans on Early Triassic ammonoids. Journal of Molluscan Studies (2017) 83: 253–260. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyx018
Hidayah AM, Purwanto, Soeprobowati TR. 2014 Bioconcentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu heavy metal factors in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) in Karamba Lake Rawa Pening. Biome 16(1):1-9.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/oysters#nutrition
http://eprints.undip.ac.id/40475/1/bab_1.pdf);
https://kectugu.semarangkota.go.id/bidang-pariwisata/ekowisata-hutan-mangrove-tapak-tugu-kota-semarang-jawa-tengah;
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/lead/health.html
[INS] Indonesia National Standard: 7387:2009, The maximum limit of heavy metal contamination in food]. National Standardization Council, Jakarta, Indonesia, 25 p. [In Indonesian].
Jarup L, Akesson A. 2009. Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 1;238(3):201-8. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.020.
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2011. Fisheries Export Statistics 2010. Jakarta: Center for Statistics and Information. (in Indonesian)
Larsen EH, Andersen NL, Moller A, Petersen A, Mortensen GK, Petersen J. 2002. Monitoring the content and intake of trace elements from food in Denmark. Food Addit. Contam. 19 (1), 33–46.
Llobet JM, Falco G, Casas C, Teixido A, Domingo JL. 2003. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in common foods and estimated daily intake by children, adolescents, adults, and seniors of Catalonia, Spain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51 (3), 838–842.
Marjanto WD. 2005. Evaluation of Environmental Disputes (Kali Tapak Case Study, Semarang City. Thesis (unpublished). Postgraduate Program of Diponegoro University. (in Indonesian)
Mc. Lachland, Lombard HW. 1980. Seasonal variations in energy and biochemical components of edible gastropods, Turbo sarmaticus (Turbinidae). Aquaculture 19: 117 -125.
Márquez-Aliaga A, Jiménez-Jiménez AP, Checa AG, Hagdorn H. 2005. Early oysters and their supposed Permian ancestors. Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 229: 127–136.
Muctadi D. The Fishery Products Sciences - Module 1. http://repository.ut.ac.id/4254/1/ MMPI5303-M1.pdf (in Indonesian)
Newell ND, Boyd DW. 1970. Oyster-like Permian Bivalvia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 143: 217–282.
Nordberg GF, Nogawa K, Nordberg M, Friberg LT. 2007. Cadmium. In: Nordberg, G.F., Fowler, B.A., Nordberg, M., Friberg, L.T. (Eds.), Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Third edition. Academic Press, pp. 446–486
Oktavia, J. 2021. Analysis of Concentrations of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment, and Oysters (Crassostrea Sp.) In Sungai Tapak, Tugu Subdistrict, Semarang City. Aquatic Resources Management Study Program, Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University. Thesis (unpublished). 86 p. (in Indonesia)
Olsson IM, Bensryd I, Lundh T, Ottosson H, Skerfving S, Oskarsson A. 2002. Cadmium in blood and urine–the impact of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking–association of renal effects. Environ. Health Perspect. 110, 1185–1190
Oktawia P, Wójcik KL, Koenig, Jacquotte A, Costa M, Chen Y. 2010. The potential protective effects of taurine on coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 208(1): 19-21
Pedrouso-José ML, Cantalapiedra J, Zapata C, José MF, Franco, D. 2020. Aquaculture and By-Products: Challenges and Opportunities in the Use of Alternative Protein Sources and Bioactive Compounds. in Advances in Food and Nutrition Research.
Sokolowski A, Wolowicz M, Hummel H. 2003. Free amino acids in the clam Macoma balthica L. (Bivalvia, Mollusca) from brackish waters of the Southern Baltic Sea. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 134: 579–592.
Ysart G, Miller P, Croasdale M. 2007. 1997 UK Total Diet Study — dietary exposures to aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and zinc. Food Addit. Contam. 17 (9), 775–786
Wulandari EA, Sukesi. 2013. Preparing for the Determination of Metal Content of Pb, Cd and Cu in Red Seaweed Chicken Nuggets (Eucheuma cottonii). POMITS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ART Vol. 2, No.2, (2013) 2337-3520 (in Indonesian)
Weyermann M, Brenner, B. 1998. Factors Affecting Bone Demineralization and Blood Lead Levels of Postmenopausal Women—A Population-Based Study from Germany. Environmental Research, Section A 76, 19–25 (1998) Article No. ER973780
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2004. International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems Tenth Revision Volume 2 second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Authors
HaeruddinH., AyuningrumD., & OktavianiJ. (2022). Maximum Tolerable Intake of Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) from the Tapak River, Semarang City, Indonesia, which Contains Cd and Pb Metals: Asupan Maksimum Tiram Bakau (Crassostrea rhizophorae) yang Dapat Ditoleransi dari Sungai Tapak, Kota Semarang, Indonesia, yang Mengandung Logam Cd dan Pb. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 25(3), 418-427. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v25i3.39813
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