Ekstraksi Kolagen Kulit Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares) menggunakan Enzim Pepsin dan Papain Collagen Extraction of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Skin Using Pepsin and Papain
Article Sidebar
Accepted
20 June 2021
Published
2 August 2021
Keywords:
-
collagen, extraction, papain, pepsin
Abstract
Collagen is a long-chain protein rich in alanine, arginine, lysine, glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. Collagen is a connective tissue protein that can be extracted from fish skin waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the collagen extracted by the enzymatic method. The research was divided into two stages, namely the extraction stage of the pepsin enzyme from the stomach of yellowfin tuna and the extraction stage of tuna skin collagen using the enzymatic method. The pepsin enzyme extracted from the stomach of yellowfin tuna had a specific activity value of 8,680 U / mg. The best soaking time with NaOH was 12 hours. Hydrolysis time of skin with acetic acid was 72 hours. Papain soluble collagen has a molecular weight of 310 kDa, amide functional groups A, B, I, II, and III, with a yield of 2,13%. Pepsin soluble collagen partly weighed 328 kDa, amide functional groups A, I, II, and III, with a yield of 0,8%.
References
[AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 2005. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. Virginia (US): Association of Official Analytical Chemist Inc. Arlington.
Azara R. 2017. Pembuatan dan analisis sifat fisikokimia gelatin dari limbah kulit ikan kerapu. Jurnal Rekapangan. 11(1): 62-69.
Bae I, Osatomi K, Yoshida A, Osako K, Yamaguchi A, Hara K. 2008. Biochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens extracted from the skins of underutilized fishes. Food Chemistry. 108: 49-54.
Bougatef A, Balti R, Zaeid SB, Souissi N, Nasri M. 2008. Pepsinogen and pepsin from the stomach of smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus): purification, characterization, and amino acid terminal sequences. Food Chemistry. 107: 777-784.
Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for qualification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 234-254.
Chi CF, Cao ZH, Wang B, Hu FY, Li ZR, Zhang B. 2014. Antioxidant and functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from spanish mackerel skin as influenced by average molecular weight. Molecules. 19: 11211-11230.
Gomez-guillen MC, MCJ Turnay, MD Fernandez-Diaz, N Ulmo, MA Lizarbe, P Montero. 2002 Structural and physica; properties of gelatin extracted from different marine species: A comparative study. Food Hydrocolloids. 16: 215-34.
Effinong BN, Fakunle JO. 2011. Proximate and mineral composition of some commercially important fishes in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 1(12): 2497-2500.
Hema GS, Shyni K, Mthew S, Ananda R, Ninan G, Lakshmanan PT. 2013. A simple method for isolation of fish skin collagen-biochemical characterization of skin collagen extracted from albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), dog shark (Scoliodon sorrakowah), and rohu (Labeo rohita). Annals of Biological Research. 4(1): 271-278.
Ichsani SP. 2020. Pepsin lambung tuna sebagai katalisaor peningkatan mutu pasta surimi ikan nila merah. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Jaswir I, Monsur HA, Salleh HM. 2011. Nano-structural analysis of fish collagen extracts for new process development. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(81): 18847-18854.
Jatmiko PD. 2018. Karakteristik ekstrak kasar pepsin ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Jaziri AA, Sukoso, Firdaus M. 2017. Karakteristik protease dari ekstrak kasar khamir laut dan aktivitasnya dalam menghidrolisis protein ikan rucah. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science. 1(2): 78-87.
Jurado E, Vicaria JM, Lechuga M, Moya-Ramirez I. 2012. Pepsin extraction process from swine wastes. Procedia Engineering. 42: 1346-1350.
Kantun W, Malik AA, Harianti. 2015. Kelayakan limbah padat tuna loin madidihang Thunnus albacares untuk bahan baku produk diversifikasi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(3): 303-314.
Kong J, Yu S. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 39(8): 549-559.
Kumar MH, Spandana V, Poonam T. 2011. Extraction and determination of collagen peptide and its clinical importance from tilapia fish scales (Oreochromis niloticus). International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2(10): 97-99.
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2018. Statistik Kelautan dan Perikanan 2018. Jakarta: KKP.
Laemmli UK. 1970. Cleavage of structural protein during the assembly of the head of bacterophage t4. Nature. 227: 680-685.
Lin JY, Le GW, Wang JY, Li YX, Shi YH, Sun J. 2010. Antioxidative peptides derived from enzyme hydrolysis of bone collagen after microwave assisted acid pre-treatment and nitrogen protection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 11: 4297-4308.
Liu D, Liang L, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2012. Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Food Chemistry.133: 1441- 1448.
Liu D, Wei G, Li T, Hua J, Lu J, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2015. Effects of alkaline preatreatment and acid extraction conditions on the acid sluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin. Food Chemistry. 172: 836- 843.
Miazwir. 2012. Analisis aspek biologi reproduksi ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) yang tertangkap di Samudera Hindia [Tesis]. Depok (ID): Universitas Indonesia.
Moyle PB, Cech JJ. 2004. Fishes: an Introduction to Ichthyology. Edisi ke-5. San Francisco (US): Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodu KG. 2004b. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of acid soluble collagen and gelatin from skins and bones of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry. 86: 325–332.
Nagai T, Izumi M, Ishii M. 2004. Preparation and partial characterization of fishscale collagen. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 39: 239-244.
Nalinanon S, Benjakul S, Kishimura H. 2010. Biochemical properties of pepsinogen and pepsin from the stomach of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga). Food Chemistry. 121: 49-55.
Nalinanon S, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Kishimura H. 2007. Use of pepsin for collagen extraction from the skin of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus). Food Chemistry. 104: 593–601.
Nollet LML. 1996. Handbook of Food Analysis: Physical Characterization and Nutrient Analysis. London (GB): Dekker.
Nur’aenah N. 2013. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dan nanopartikel kolagen dari kulit ikan pari (Pastinachus solocirostris) sebagai bahan baku cosmeceutical [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nurhayati, Tazwir, Murniyati. 2013. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut asam dari kulit ikan nila. (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 8 (1): 85–92.
Nurilmala M, Jacoeb A M, Dzaky R A. 2017. Karakteristik gelatin kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning. JPHPI. 20(2):339-350.
Nurilmala M, Pertiwi RM, Nurhayati T, Fauzi S, Batubara I, Ochiai Y. 2019. Characterization of collagen and its hydrolysate from yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin and their potencies as antioxidant and antiglycation agents. Fisheries Science. 1(1):1-9.
Oktaviani RZI, Perdana F, Nasution AY. 2017. Perbandingan sifat gelatin yang berasal dari kulit ikan patin dan gelatin yang berasal dari kulit ikan komersil. Journal of Pharmacy Science. 1(4):1-8.
Pasaribu E, Nurhayati T, Nurilmala M. 2018. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi enzim pepsin dari lambung ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3): 486-496.
Peranginangin R, Murniyati, Nurhayati, Rahmad W. 2015. Pengolahan kolagen dari kulit ikan nila. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya. 8-11.
Pertiwi RM. 2016. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut papain dari kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Saito H, Tetsushi T, Aoki H, Murabayashi S, Mitamura Y, Tanaka J, Tateishi T. 2007. pH-responsive swelling behavior of collagen gels prepared by novel crosslinkers based on naturally derived di- or tricarboxylic acids. Acta Biomaterialia. 3: 89-94.
Sastrohamidjojo H. 2018. Dasar-dasar spektroskopi. Yogyakarta (ID): Penerbit Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sayana KS, Sirajudheen TK. 2017. By-products from tuna processing wastes an economic approach to coastal waste management. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Coastal Biodiversity Assessment. 411-420.
Schaumann T, Kraus D, Winter J, Wolf M, Deschner J, Jager A. 2013. Potential immune modularly role of gycine in oral gingival inflammation. Clinical and Develoment Immunology. 5(2): 1-9.
Setyowati H, Setyani W. 2015. Potensi nanokolagen limbah sisik ikan sebagai cosmeceutical. Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Komunitas. 12(1):30-40.
Shanmugam V, Ramasamy P, Subhapradha N, Sudharsan S, Seedevi P, Moovendhan M, Krishnamoorthy J, Shanmugam A, and Srinivasan A. 2012. Extraction, structural and physical characterization of type I collagen from the outer skin of Sepiella inermis (Orbigny, 1848). African Journal of Biotechnology. 11(78): 14326-14337.
Shon J, Eo J-H, Hwang SJ, Eun J-B. 2011. Effect of processing conditions on functional properties of collagen powder from skate (Raja kenojei) skins. Food Science and Biotechnology. 20(1): 99-106.
Silva MR, Celem LR, Silva SR, Costa APF. 2013. Anti aging cosmetics: Facts and controversies. Clinics in Dermatology. 31:750-758.
Silvipriya KS, Kumar KK, Bhat AR, Kumar BD, John A, Lakshamanan P. 2015. Collagen: Animal Sources and Biomedical Application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 5(03): 123-127.
Singh P, Benjakul S, Maqsood S, Kishimura H. 2011. Isolation and characterisation of collagen extracted from the skin of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Food Chemistry. 124(3): 97–105.
[SNI] Standar Nasional Indonesia. 1992. SNI 01-2891-1992. Cara uji makanan dan minuman. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standar Nasional.
Sun DW. 2006. Thermal Food Processing: New Technologies and Quality Issues. Boca Rason: CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.
Tabarestani S, Maghsooudlou Y, Motamedzadegan A, Mahoonak SAR, Rostamzad H. 2012. Study on some properties of acid-soluble collagens isolated from fish skin and bones of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). International Food Research Journal. 19(1): 251-257.
Tazwir, Ayudiarti DL, Peranginangin R. 2007. Optimasi pembuatan gelatin dari tulang ikan kaci-kaci (Plectorhyncus chaetodonoides Lac.) menggunakan konsentrasi asam dan waktu ekstraksi. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2(1): 35-43.
Triharyuni S, Prisantoso BI. 2012. Komposisi jenis dan sebaran ukuran tuna hasil tangkapan longline diperairan Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa. Jurnal Saintek Perikanan. 8(1): 52-58.
Wong DWS. 1989. Mechanism and Theory in Food Chemistry. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Zhao L, Budge SM, Ghaly AE, Brooks MS, Dave D. 2011. Extraction, purification and Characterization of fish pepsin: A Critical Review. Food Process Technology. 2(6): 1-14.
Azara R. 2017. Pembuatan dan analisis sifat fisikokimia gelatin dari limbah kulit ikan kerapu. Jurnal Rekapangan. 11(1): 62-69.
Bae I, Osatomi K, Yoshida A, Osako K, Yamaguchi A, Hara K. 2008. Biochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens extracted from the skins of underutilized fishes. Food Chemistry. 108: 49-54.
Bougatef A, Balti R, Zaeid SB, Souissi N, Nasri M. 2008. Pepsinogen and pepsin from the stomach of smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus): purification, characterization, and amino acid terminal sequences. Food Chemistry. 107: 777-784.
Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for qualification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 234-254.
Chi CF, Cao ZH, Wang B, Hu FY, Li ZR, Zhang B. 2014. Antioxidant and functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from spanish mackerel skin as influenced by average molecular weight. Molecules. 19: 11211-11230.
Gomez-guillen MC, MCJ Turnay, MD Fernandez-Diaz, N Ulmo, MA Lizarbe, P Montero. 2002 Structural and physica; properties of gelatin extracted from different marine species: A comparative study. Food Hydrocolloids. 16: 215-34.
Effinong BN, Fakunle JO. 2011. Proximate and mineral composition of some commercially important fishes in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 1(12): 2497-2500.
Hema GS, Shyni K, Mthew S, Ananda R, Ninan G, Lakshmanan PT. 2013. A simple method for isolation of fish skin collagen-biochemical characterization of skin collagen extracted from albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), dog shark (Scoliodon sorrakowah), and rohu (Labeo rohita). Annals of Biological Research. 4(1): 271-278.
Ichsani SP. 2020. Pepsin lambung tuna sebagai katalisaor peningkatan mutu pasta surimi ikan nila merah. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Jaswir I, Monsur HA, Salleh HM. 2011. Nano-structural analysis of fish collagen extracts for new process development. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(81): 18847-18854.
Jatmiko PD. 2018. Karakteristik ekstrak kasar pepsin ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Jaziri AA, Sukoso, Firdaus M. 2017. Karakteristik protease dari ekstrak kasar khamir laut dan aktivitasnya dalam menghidrolisis protein ikan rucah. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science. 1(2): 78-87.
Jurado E, Vicaria JM, Lechuga M, Moya-Ramirez I. 2012. Pepsin extraction process from swine wastes. Procedia Engineering. 42: 1346-1350.
Kantun W, Malik AA, Harianti. 2015. Kelayakan limbah padat tuna loin madidihang Thunnus albacares untuk bahan baku produk diversifikasi. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 18(3): 303-314.
Kong J, Yu S. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 39(8): 549-559.
Kumar MH, Spandana V, Poonam T. 2011. Extraction and determination of collagen peptide and its clinical importance from tilapia fish scales (Oreochromis niloticus). International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 2(10): 97-99.
[KKP] Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2018. Statistik Kelautan dan Perikanan 2018. Jakarta: KKP.
Laemmli UK. 1970. Cleavage of structural protein during the assembly of the head of bacterophage t4. Nature. 227: 680-685.
Lin JY, Le GW, Wang JY, Li YX, Shi YH, Sun J. 2010. Antioxidative peptides derived from enzyme hydrolysis of bone collagen after microwave assisted acid pre-treatment and nitrogen protection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 11: 4297-4308.
Liu D, Liang L, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2012. Extraction and characterisation of pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Food Chemistry.133: 1441- 1448.
Liu D, Wei G, Li T, Hua J, Lu J, Regenstein JM, Zhou P. 2015. Effects of alkaline preatreatment and acid extraction conditions on the acid sluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin. Food Chemistry. 172: 836- 843.
Miazwir. 2012. Analisis aspek biologi reproduksi ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) yang tertangkap di Samudera Hindia [Tesis]. Depok (ID): Universitas Indonesia.
Moyle PB, Cech JJ. 2004. Fishes: an Introduction to Ichthyology. Edisi ke-5. San Francisco (US): Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodu KG. 2004b. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of acid soluble collagen and gelatin from skins and bones of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry. 86: 325–332.
Nagai T, Izumi M, Ishii M. 2004. Preparation and partial characterization of fishscale collagen. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 39: 239-244.
Nalinanon S, Benjakul S, Kishimura H. 2010. Biochemical properties of pepsinogen and pepsin from the stomach of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga). Food Chemistry. 121: 49-55.
Nalinanon S, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Kishimura H. 2007. Use of pepsin for collagen extraction from the skin of bigeye snapper (Priacanthus tayenus). Food Chemistry. 104: 593–601.
Nollet LML. 1996. Handbook of Food Analysis: Physical Characterization and Nutrient Analysis. London (GB): Dekker.
Nur’aenah N. 2013. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen dan nanopartikel kolagen dari kulit ikan pari (Pastinachus solocirostris) sebagai bahan baku cosmeceutical [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Nurhayati, Tazwir, Murniyati. 2013. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut asam dari kulit ikan nila. (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 8 (1): 85–92.
Nurilmala M, Jacoeb A M, Dzaky R A. 2017. Karakteristik gelatin kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning. JPHPI. 20(2):339-350.
Nurilmala M, Pertiwi RM, Nurhayati T, Fauzi S, Batubara I, Ochiai Y. 2019. Characterization of collagen and its hydrolysate from yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin and their potencies as antioxidant and antiglycation agents. Fisheries Science. 1(1):1-9.
Oktaviani RZI, Perdana F, Nasution AY. 2017. Perbandingan sifat gelatin yang berasal dari kulit ikan patin dan gelatin yang berasal dari kulit ikan komersil. Journal of Pharmacy Science. 1(4):1-8.
Pasaribu E, Nurhayati T, Nurilmala M. 2018. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi enzim pepsin dari lambung ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 21(3): 486-496.
Peranginangin R, Murniyati, Nurhayati, Rahmad W. 2015. Pengolahan kolagen dari kulit ikan nila. Jakarta (ID): Penebar Swadaya. 8-11.
Pertiwi RM. 2016. Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi kolagen larut papain dari kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Saito H, Tetsushi T, Aoki H, Murabayashi S, Mitamura Y, Tanaka J, Tateishi T. 2007. pH-responsive swelling behavior of collagen gels prepared by novel crosslinkers based on naturally derived di- or tricarboxylic acids. Acta Biomaterialia. 3: 89-94.
Sastrohamidjojo H. 2018. Dasar-dasar spektroskopi. Yogyakarta (ID): Penerbit Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sayana KS, Sirajudheen TK. 2017. By-products from tuna processing wastes an economic approach to coastal waste management. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Coastal Biodiversity Assessment. 411-420.
Schaumann T, Kraus D, Winter J, Wolf M, Deschner J, Jager A. 2013. Potential immune modularly role of gycine in oral gingival inflammation. Clinical and Develoment Immunology. 5(2): 1-9.
Setyowati H, Setyani W. 2015. Potensi nanokolagen limbah sisik ikan sebagai cosmeceutical. Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Komunitas. 12(1):30-40.
Shanmugam V, Ramasamy P, Subhapradha N, Sudharsan S, Seedevi P, Moovendhan M, Krishnamoorthy J, Shanmugam A, and Srinivasan A. 2012. Extraction, structural and physical characterization of type I collagen from the outer skin of Sepiella inermis (Orbigny, 1848). African Journal of Biotechnology. 11(78): 14326-14337.
Shon J, Eo J-H, Hwang SJ, Eun J-B. 2011. Effect of processing conditions on functional properties of collagen powder from skate (Raja kenojei) skins. Food Science and Biotechnology. 20(1): 99-106.
Silva MR, Celem LR, Silva SR, Costa APF. 2013. Anti aging cosmetics: Facts and controversies. Clinics in Dermatology. 31:750-758.
Silvipriya KS, Kumar KK, Bhat AR, Kumar BD, John A, Lakshamanan P. 2015. Collagen: Animal Sources and Biomedical Application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 5(03): 123-127.
Singh P, Benjakul S, Maqsood S, Kishimura H. 2011. Isolation and characterisation of collagen extracted from the skin of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Food Chemistry. 124(3): 97–105.
[SNI] Standar Nasional Indonesia. 1992. SNI 01-2891-1992. Cara uji makanan dan minuman. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standar Nasional.
Sun DW. 2006. Thermal Food Processing: New Technologies and Quality Issues. Boca Rason: CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.
Tabarestani S, Maghsooudlou Y, Motamedzadegan A, Mahoonak SAR, Rostamzad H. 2012. Study on some properties of acid-soluble collagens isolated from fish skin and bones of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). International Food Research Journal. 19(1): 251-257.
Tazwir, Ayudiarti DL, Peranginangin R. 2007. Optimasi pembuatan gelatin dari tulang ikan kaci-kaci (Plectorhyncus chaetodonoides Lac.) menggunakan konsentrasi asam dan waktu ekstraksi. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2(1): 35-43.
Triharyuni S, Prisantoso BI. 2012. Komposisi jenis dan sebaran ukuran tuna hasil tangkapan longline diperairan Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa. Jurnal Saintek Perikanan. 8(1): 52-58.
Wong DWS. 1989. Mechanism and Theory in Food Chemistry. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold
Zhao L, Budge SM, Ghaly AE, Brooks MS, Dave D. 2011. Extraction, purification and Characterization of fish pepsin: A Critical Review. Food Process Technology. 2(6): 1-14.
Authors
NurjanahN., -T. I. B., & NurhayatiT. (2021). Ekstraksi Kolagen Kulit Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares) menggunakan Enzim Pepsin dan Papain: Collagen Extraction of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Skin Using Pepsin and Papain. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 24(2), 174-187. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v24i2.35410
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Article Details
