Formulasi dan bioaktivitas suplemen tablet berbasis Spirulina dan hidrolisat kolagen kulit ikan nila
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Accepted
31 December 2019
Published
31 December 2019
Keywords:
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antioxidants activity, tablets, tyrosinase inhibition.
Abstract
Spirulina is a microalga known as a superfood which contains high protein and is used in cosmetics, foods, and supplements industry. Collagen hydrolysate is the result of hydrolysis of collagen by protease. This study was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and inhibition of tyrosynase from Spirulina, collagen hydrolysate and tablet formulated by combination of Spirulina and collagen hydrolysate. This research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was the extraction and hydrolysis of tilapia skin collagen, while the second stage was culturing and harvesting of Spirulina, and the third stage was determination of tablet formulation based on Spirulina and collagen hydrolysate followed by analysis of the antioxidant activity and inhibition of tyrosinase by selected tablet. Three formula with different ratio between Spirulina and collagen hydrolysates namely formula A (25%:53.75%), formula B (28.125%:50.625%), formula C (31.25%:47.5%) and additive such as vitamin C (12.5%), talk (1.25%), magnesium stearate (0.625%), aerosil (1.875%), avicel (5%) were developed. The result showed that formula A was the selected formula meeting the requirements of Ministry of Health based on the physical characteristics. The antioxidant activity of tablet A was 843 ppm and the tyrosinase inhibition was 163.56 ppm.
References
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Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radicals diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. J. Sci.Technol. 26(2): 211-219.
Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodu KG. 2004. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of acid soluble collagen and gelatin from skins and bones of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry. 86: 325-332.
Nicoletti M. 2016. Microalgae nutraceuticals. Foods. 5(54): 1-13.
Park HY, Yaar M. 2012. Biology of melanocytes edisi ke-8. New York(US): McGraw-Hill.
Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam. 2017. Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 32(1): 403-425.
Richmond A. 1988. Spirulina. Di dalam: Borowitzka MA, Borowitzka LJ (Ed) Microalgae biotechnology. England (UK): Cambrige university Pr.
Saputra JSE, Agustini TW, Dewi EN. 2014. Pengaruh penambahan biomassa serbuk Spirulina platensis terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan sensori pada tablet hisab (Lozenges). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 17(3): 281-291
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Soni A, Dubey M, Verma M, Dhankhar R, Kaushal V, Atri R, Sabharwal R. 2015. Revisiting the role of phycocyanin in current clinical practice. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 6(1): 4950-4600.
Suminto. 2009. Penggunaan jenis media kultur teknis terhadap produksi dan kandungan nutrisi sel Spirulina platensis. JSP. 4(2):53–61.
[SNI] Standar Nasional Indonesia. 2018. SNI 8468 Spirulina spp kering- syarat mutu dan pengolahan. Jakarta(ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Syukroni I, Trilaksani W, Uju. 2017. Recovery and valorization of snakehead fish (Channa striata) surimi wash water as stock albumin tablet. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. 6(11): 2277-8616.
Wang W, Li Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu S, Sun M. 2013. Comparison between thermal hydrolysis and enzymatic proteolysis processes for the preparation of tilapia skin collagen hydrolysates. J. Food Sci. 31(1):1-4.
Wu LC, Lin YY, Yang SY, Weng YT, Tsai YT. 2011. Antimelanogenic effect of c-phycocyanin through modulation of tyrosinase expression by upregulation of ERK and downregulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. J Biomed Sci. 18(1):1-11.
Wulandari DA, Setyaningsih I, Syafrudin D, Asih PBS. 2016. Ekstraksi fikosianin dari Spirulina platensis dan aktivitas antimalaria secara invitro. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(1): 17-25.
Yong CS, Woo SC, jong HP, Jin OP, Jung KH, Hyeon YL. 2013. Stable isolation of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis associated with high-pressure extraction process. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14(1):1778-1787.
Yudiati E, Sedjati S, Sunarsih, Agustian R. 2011. Aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ekstrak metanol dan pigmen kasar Spirulina sp. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences. 16 (4):187-192.
Amri E, Dharma A, Armaini, Tjong DH. 2017. Potency of microalgae as tyrosinase inhibitor. RJPBCS. 8(4): 577-581.
Batubara I, Darusman IK, Mitsunaga T, Rahminiwati M, Djauhari E. 2010. Potency of Indonesian medicinal plants as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant agent. J. Biol. Sci. 10(2): 138-144.
[BPOM] Badan POM RI. 2015. Persyaratan kadar air pada sediaan tablet dan tablet efervesen pada suplemen kesehatan. Jakarta(ID): Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia.
Campos PMMBG, Melo MO, Calixto LS, Fossa MM. 2015. An oral supplementation based on hydrolyzed collagen and vitamins improves skin elasticity and dermis echogenicity: a clinical placebo controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 4(3):1-6.
Chi CF, Cao ZH, Wang B, Hu FY, Li ZR, Zhang B. 2014. Antioxidant and functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from Spanish mackerel skin as influenced by average molecular weight. Molecules. 19: 11211-11230.
Chriswardana M, Nur MMA, Hadiyanto. 2013. Spirulina platensis: Potensinya sebagai bahan pangan fungsional. JATP. 2(1):1-4.
Curto EV, Kwong C, Hermersdörfer H, Glatt H. 1999. Inhibitors of mammalian melanocyte tyrosinase: in vitro comparisons of alkyl esters of gentisic acid with other putative inhibitors. Biochemical Pharmacology. 57: 663-672.
Damayanti N, Listiawan MY. 2004. Fisiologi dan biokimia pigmentasi kulit. Berkala Ilmu Penyakit Kulit & Kelamin. 16(2): 156-162.
[DEPKES RI] Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 1995. Farmakope Indonesia edisi IV. Jakarta(ID): Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Fahleny R, Trilaksani W, Setyaningsih I. 2014. Aktivitas antioksidan pada formula terpilih tablet hisab Spirulina platensis berdasarkan karakteristik fisik. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(2):427-444.
Fan J, Zhuang Y, Li B. 2013. Effect of collagen and collagen hydrolysate from jellyfish umbrella on histological and immunity changes of mice photoaging. Nutrients. (5):223-233.
Fauzi S. 2018. Hidrolisat kolagen kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) sebagai antipenuaan [tesis]. Bogor(ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Gómez-Guillén MC, Turnay J, Fernández-Díaz MD, Ulmo N, Lizarbe MA, Montero P. 2002. Structural and physical properties of gelatin extracted from different marine species: a comparative study. Food Hydrocolloid. 16: 25-34.
Hartina UMR, Annuar QH, Izzraen NQMN, Hasmadi M. 2019. Properties of hydrolysed collagen from the skin of milkfish (Chanos chanos) as affected by different enzymatic treatments. International Journal of Research Science Management. 6(2): 34-41.
Hema GS, Joshy CG, Shyni K, Chatterjee NS, Ninan G, Mathew S. 2017. Optimization of process parameters for the production of collagen peptides from fish skin (Epinephelus malabaricus) using response surface methodology and its characterization. J Food Sci Technol. 54(2):488–496
Hong GP, Min SG, Jo YJ. 2019. Anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities of porcine by-product collagen hydrolysates produced by commercial proteases: effect of hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. Molecules. 24:1-14.
Iitchenco S, Kempka AP, Prestes RC. 2017. Profiles of enzymatic hydrolysis of different collagens and derivating over time. Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Agroindustrial. 11(1): 2165-2185.
Je JY, Qian ZJ, Byun HG, Kim SK. 2007. Purification and characterization of an antioxidant peptide obtained from tuna backbone protein by enzymatic hydrolysis. Process Biochem. 42 : 840–846.
[KEMENTAN RI] Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. 2019. Panduan Penyusunan Neraca Bahan Makanan. Jakarta(ID): Badan Ketahanan Pangan.
Kong J, Yu S. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 39(8): 549-559.
Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig JL. 1994. Teori dan Praktek Farmasi Industri II. Jakarta(ID): UI Press. Terjemahan dari: The Teory and Practise of Industrial Farmacy.
Laing I. 1991. Cultivation of marine unicellular algae. Lowestoft(UK): Laboratory Leaflet.
Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radicals diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. J. Sci.Technol. 26(2): 211-219.
Muyonga JH, Cole CGB, Duodu KG. 2004. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of acid soluble collagen and gelatin from skins and bones of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry. 86: 325-332.
Nicoletti M. 2016. Microalgae nutraceuticals. Foods. 5(54): 1-13.
Park HY, Yaar M. 2012. Biology of melanocytes edisi ke-8. New York(US): McGraw-Hill.
Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam. 2017. Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 32(1): 403-425.
Richmond A. 1988. Spirulina. Di dalam: Borowitzka MA, Borowitzka LJ (Ed) Microalgae biotechnology. England (UK): Cambrige university Pr.
Saputra JSE, Agustini TW, Dewi EN. 2014. Pengaruh penambahan biomassa serbuk Spirulina platensis terhadap sifat fisik, kimia, dan sensori pada tablet hisab (Lozenges). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 17(3): 281-291
Setyaningsih I, Saputra AT, Uju. 2011. Komposisi kimia dan kandungan pigmen pada Spirulina fusiformis umur panen yang berbeda dalam media pupuk. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 14(1):63-69.
Soni A, Dubey M, Verma M, Dhankhar R, Kaushal V, Atri R, Sabharwal R. 2015. Revisiting the role of phycocyanin in current clinical practice. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 6(1): 4950-4600.
Suminto. 2009. Penggunaan jenis media kultur teknis terhadap produksi dan kandungan nutrisi sel Spirulina platensis. JSP. 4(2):53–61.
[SNI] Standar Nasional Indonesia. 2018. SNI 8468 Spirulina spp kering- syarat mutu dan pengolahan. Jakarta(ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Syukroni I, Trilaksani W, Uju. 2017. Recovery and valorization of snakehead fish (Channa striata) surimi wash water as stock albumin tablet. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research. 6(11): 2277-8616.
Wang W, Li Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu S, Sun M. 2013. Comparison between thermal hydrolysis and enzymatic proteolysis processes for the preparation of tilapia skin collagen hydrolysates. J. Food Sci. 31(1):1-4.
Wu LC, Lin YY, Yang SY, Weng YT, Tsai YT. 2011. Antimelanogenic effect of c-phycocyanin through modulation of tyrosinase expression by upregulation of ERK and downregulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. J Biomed Sci. 18(1):1-11.
Wulandari DA, Setyaningsih I, Syafrudin D, Asih PBS. 2016. Ekstraksi fikosianin dari Spirulina platensis dan aktivitas antimalaria secara invitro. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 19(1): 17-25.
Yong CS, Woo SC, jong HP, Jin OP, Jung KH, Hyeon YL. 2013. Stable isolation of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis associated with high-pressure extraction process. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14(1):1778-1787.
Yudiati E, Sedjati S, Sunarsih, Agustian R. 2011. Aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ekstrak metanol dan pigmen kasar Spirulina sp. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences. 16 (4):187-192.
Authors
AhmadM. G., SetyaningsihI., & TrilaksaniW. (2019). Formulasi dan bioaktivitas suplemen tablet berbasis Spirulina dan hidrolisat kolagen kulit ikan nila. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 22(3), 453-463. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v22i3.28925
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