Interaction of Fertilization and Weed Control Influences on Growth, Biomass, and Carbon in Eucalyptus Hybrid (E. pellita × E. brassiana)
Abstract
Fertilization and weed control are regularly conducted as the main silvicultural prescriptions in the eucalyptus plantation forest. However, the interaction effects of both treatments on eucalyptus performance are still not deeply understood, even though these treatments require high investment. This circumstance may potentially inhibit the managers to formulate more efficient maintenance strategy for increasing stand productivity. This study examined the interaction effects of fertilization and weed control on growth, biomass, and carbon storage in eucalyptus hybrid (E. pellita x E. brassiana). Results demonstrated that without both treatments, the average stand volume only reached 37.9 m3 ha -1 with the mean biomass and carbon storage approached 25.4 and 12.7 Mg ha -1, respectively. In contrast, the use of both treatments simultaneously improved the mean volume around 60.4 m3 ha -1 with the average biomass and carbon storage closed to 37.6 and 18.8 Mg ha -1. Furthermore, the development of eucalyptus hybrid using fertilization without weed control only gained the mean wood production approximately 58.7 m3 ha -1 while the practice of weed control without fertilization only resulted the average volume nearly 43.7 m3 ha -1. These facts indicated fertilization exhibited higher influence than weed control on the performance of eucalyptus hybrid.
References
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Barton, C. V. M., & Montagu, K. D. (2006). Effect of spacing and water availability on root : shoot ratio in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Forest Ecology and Management, 221, 52–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.007
Bassaco, M. V. M., Motta, A. C. V., Pauletti, V., Prior, S. A., Nisgoski, S., & Ferreira, C. F. (2018). Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements for Eucalyptus urograndis plantations in southern Brazil. New Forests, 49(5), 681–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-018-9658-0
Battie-laclau, P., Delgado-rojas, J. S., Christina, M., Nouvellon, Y., Bouillet, J., Cassia, M. De, …, & Laclau, J. (2016). Potassium fertilization increases water-use efficiency for stem biomass production without affecting intrinsic water-use efficiency in Eucalyptus grandis plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 364, 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.01.004
Brancalion, P. H. S., Campoe, O., Mendes, J. C. T., Noel, C., Moreira, G. G., van Melis, J., …, & Guillemot, J. (2019). Intensive silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration. Ecological Applications, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1847
Carrero, O., Luiz, J., Allen, L., Cecilia, M., & Ladeira, M. (2018). Productivity gains from weed control and fertilization of short-rotation eucalyptus plantations in the Venezuelan Western Llanos. Forest Ecology and Management, 430, 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.050
Crous, K. Y., Wujeska-Klause, A., Jiang, M., Medlyn, B. E., & Ellsworth, D. S. (2019). Nitrogen and phosphorus retranslocation of leaves and stemwood in a mature eucalyptus forest exposed to 5 years of elevated CO2. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10(May), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00664
Estefan, G., Sommer, R., & Ryan, J. (2013). Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis. Retrieved from https://www.gob.mx/siap/articulos/cierre-estadistico-de-la-produccion-ganadera-2017?idiom=es
Fujita, M. S., Prawiradilaga, D. M., & Yoshimura, T. (2014). Roles of fragmented and logged forests for bird communities in industrial Acacia mangium plantations in Indonesia. Ecological Research, 29(4), 741–755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1166-x
George, B. H., & Brennan, P. D. (2002). Herbicides are more cost-effective than alternative weed control methods for increasing early growth of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus saligna. New Forests, 24, 147–163.
Gonçalves, J. L. de M., Alcarde, C., Rioyei, A., Duque, L., Couto, A., Stahl, J., …, & Epron, D. (2013). Integrating genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize abiotic and biotic constraints in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 301, 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.12.030
Gonçalves, J. L. M., Wichert, M. C. P., Gava, J. L., Masetto, A. V, Junior, A. J. C., Serrano, M. I. P., & Mello, S. L. M. (2010). Soil fertility and growth of Eucalyptus grandis in Brazil under different residue management practices. Southern Forests, 69(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.2989/SHFJ.2007.69.2.4.289
González-García, M., Hevia, A., Majada, J., Rubiera, F., & Barrio-Anta, M. (2016). Nutritional, carbon and energy evaluation of Eucalyptus nitens short rotation bioenergy plantations in northwestern Spain. IForest, 9(APR2016), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1505-008
Grant, J. C., Nichols, J. D., Yao, R. L., Smith, R. G. B., Brennan, P. D., & Vanclay, J. K. (2012). Depth distribution of roots of Eucalyptus dunnii and Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata in different soil conditions. Forest Ecology and Management, 269, 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.12.033
Halomoan, S. S. T., Wawan, & Adiwirman. (2015). Effect of fertilization on the growth and biomass of Acacia mangium and eucalyptus hybrid (E. grandis E . pellita). Journal of Tropical Soils, 20(3), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.157
Hardie, M., Akhmad, N., Mohammed, C., Mendham, D., Corkrey, R., Gafur, A., & Siregar, S. (2018). Role of site in the mortality and production of Acacia mangium plantations in Indonesia. Southern Forests, 80(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1274857
Hardiyanto, E. B., & Nambiar, E. K. S. (2014). Productivity of successive rotations of Acacia mangium plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia: Impacts of harvest and inter-rotation site management. New Forests, 45(4), 557–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9418-8
Inail, M A, & Thaher, E. (2016). Response of Eucalyptus pellita to weed control. Technical Notes R&D, 25(2), 1–4.
Inail, Maydra Alen, Hardiyanto, E. B., & Mendham, D. S. (2019). Growth responses of Eucalyptus pellita F . Muell plantations in south sumatra to macronutrient fertilisers following several rotations of acacia. Forests, 10, 1–16.
Jacoby, R., Peukert, M., Succurro, A., & Koprivova, A. (2017). The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutritioncurrent knowledge and future directions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01617
Laclau, J., Arnaud, M., Bouillet, J. D., & Ranger, J. (2001). Spatial distribution of eucalyptus roots in a deep sandy soil in the Congo: Relationships with the ability of the stand to take up water and nutrients. Tree Physiology, 21, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/21.2-3.129
Li, G., Zhang, Z., Shi, L., Zhou, Y., Yang, M., & Cao, J. (2018). Effects of different grazing intensities on soil C, N, and P in an Alpine Meadow on the QinghaiTibetan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112584
Li, X., Ye, D., Liang, H., Zhu, H., Qin, L., Zhu, Y., & Wen, Y. (2015). Effects of successive rotation regimes on carbon stocks in eucalyptus plantations in subtropical China measured over a full rotation. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132858
Little, K M, & Rolando, C. A. (2008). Regional vegetation management standards for commercial eucalyptus plantations in South Africa plantations in South Africa. Southern Forests, 70(2), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.4.532
Little, Keith M, Ahtikoski, A., Morris, A. R., Little, K. M., Ahtikoski, A., Rotation-end, A. R. M., …, & Morris, A. R. (2018). Rotation-end financial performance of vegetation control on Eucalyptus smithii in South Africa. Southern Forests, 80(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2017.1341114
McEwan, A., Marchi, E., Spinelli, R., & Brink, M. (2019). Past , present and future of industrial plantation forestry and implication on future timber harvesting technology. Journal of Forestry Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01019-3
Mendham, D. S., Kumaraswamy, S., Sankaran, K. V, John, K. S., Grove, T. S., Connell, A. M. O., …, & Sujatha, M. P. (2009). An assessment of response of soil-based indicators to nitrogen fertilizer across four tropical eucalyptus plantations. Journal of Forestry Research, 20, 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-009-0043-x
Mori, T., Ishizuka, S., Konda, R., Genroku, T., Nakamura, R., Kajino, H., …, & Ohta, S. (2018). Potassium and magnesium in leaf and top soil affected by triple superphosphate fertilisation in an Acacia mangium plantation. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 30(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.26525/jtfs2018.30.1.18
Nambiar, E. K. S., Harwood, C. E., & Mendham, D. S. (2018). Paths to sustainable wood supply to the pulp and paper industry in Indonesia after diseases have forced a change of species from acacia to eucalypts. Australian Forestry, 81(3), 148–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2018.1482798
Novais, S. V., Novais, R. F., Alvarez V., V. H., Villani, E. M. de A., & Zenero, M. D. O. (2016). Phosphorus-zinc interaction and iron and manganese uptake in the growth and nutrition of phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae). Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Do Solo, 40, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20160054
Nurudin, M., Ohta, S., Hardiyanto, E. B., Mendham, D., & Wicaksono, A. (2013). Relationships between soil characteristics and productivity of Acacia mangium in South Sumatra. Tropics, 22(1), 1–12.
Pillai, P. K. C., Pandalai, R. C., Dhamodaran, T. K., & Sankaran, K. V. (2013). Effect of silvicultural practices on fibre properties of eucalyptus wood from short-rotation plantations. New Forests, 44, 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9360-6
Pirralho, M., Flores, D., Sousa, V. B., Quilhó, T., Knapic, S., & Pereira, H. (2014). Evaluation on paper making potential of nine eucalyptus species based on wood anatomical features. Industrial Crops and Products, 54, 327–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.01.040
Silva, E. V, Gonçalves, J. L. M., Coelho, S. R. F., Moreira, R. M., Mello, S. L. M., Bouillet, J. P., …, & Laclau, J. (2009). Dynamics of fine root distribution after establishment of monospecific and mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium. Plant Soil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9980-6
Singh, G., Goyne, K. W., & Kabrick, J. M. (2015). Determinants of total and available phosphorus in forested Alfisols and Ultisols of the Ozark Highlands, USA. Geoderma Regional, 5, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2015.05.001
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Authors
WirabuanaP. Y. A. P., SadonoR., JuniarsoS., & IdrisF. (2020). Interaction of Fertilization and Weed Control Influences on Growth, Biomass, and Carbon in Eucalyptus Hybrid (E. pellita × E. brassiana). Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 26(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.2.144
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