Consumer Protection for High School Students with Disabilities: Between Practice and Context
Abstract
Background: In fact, there are still many students with disabilities who do not get their rights in schools with adequate facilities and infrastructure.
Purpose: This study examines how consumer protection efforts are carried out by four (4) high schools in North Bekasi District based on Bekasi Regional Regulation Number 16 of 2019 concerning the Protection and Fulfilment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Consumer Protection Obstacles faced by four high schools in North Bekasi District based on Bekasi Regional Regulation Number 16 of 2019.
Methods: This research is normative, based on secondary and primary data gathered through direct interviews with the authorities in four (4) high schools in Bekasi.
Findings: The interesting findings are that consumer protection efforts to protect and fulfill the rights of persons with disabilities are still not fully implemented. Related, the fulfillment of the right to inclusive education has been fully implemented but is inversely proportional to the implementation of accessibility. The obstacles faced in realizing consumer protection for students with disabilities are in fulfilling accessibility, both non-physical and physical accessibility.
Conclusions: This study shows that although consumer protection efforts to fulfill the rights of persons with disabilities in four high schools in North Bekasi District have been carried out, their implementations are still not fully effective, especially for accessibility. Although the right to inclusive education has been fulfilled, significant challenges remain in ensuring adequate physical and non-physical accessibility.
Research implication: The study is expected to provide input to the local government of Bekasi and other local governments on paying attention to the rights of people with disabilities in schools, both facilities and pre-facilities, to provide comfort and the rights of citizens as mandated in the constitution of justice for the entire nation of Indonesia.
References
Aktar, S. (2017). Upaya Meningkatkan daya saing sekolah melalui pemasaran jasa pendidikan. Kumpulan Jurnal Dosen Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, 2(12). https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/kumpulandosen/article/view/2751/pdf_673
Ali, M. (2021). A systematic literature review of sustainable entrepreneurship with thematic analysis. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-11-2020-0150
Anggraini, A. M. T., Purnamasari, D., Sabirin, A., Putra, D. A., & Elizaga, J. R. Y. (2024). Consumer Protection regarding health information and warnings on tobacco cigarette packaging. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 9(2), 247–265. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.9.2.247-265
Antala, B., Průžek, M., & Popluhárová, M. (2022). Self-Efficacy and attitudes of physical education teachers towards inclusion of pupils with disabilities. Sustainability, 14(20), 13292. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013292
Caturjayanti, V. D., Kusumadara, A., & Yuliati, Y. (2022). Protection of consumer position in relation with business actors from an absolute responsibility perspective. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(6), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i6.410
Chang, H. H., & Yang, T. S. (2022). Consumer rights or unethical behaviours: Exploring the impacts of retailer return policies. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, 102779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102779
Cohen, A. H., Fresneda, J. E., & Anderson, R. E. (2023). How inaccessible retail websites affect blind and low vision consumers: their perceptions and responses. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 33(3), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-08-2021-0167
Danemayer, J., Holloway, C., Cho, Y., Berthouze, N., Singh, A., Bhot, W., Dixon, O., Grobelnik, M., & Shawe-Taylor, J. (2023). Seeking information about assistive technology: Exploring current practices, challenges, and the need for smarter systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 177, 103078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103078
De Oliveira, U. R., Aparecida Neto, L., Abreu, P. A. F., & Fernandes, V. A. (2021). Risk management applied to the reverse logistics of solid waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 296, 126517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126517
Delgado-Gil, S., Mendoza-Muñoz, D. M., Galán-Arroyo, C., Denche-Zamorano, Á., Adsuar, J. C., Mañanas-Iglesias, C., Castillo-Paredes, A., & Rojo-Ramos, J. (2023). Attitudes of non-disabled pupils towards disabled pupils to promote inclusion in the physical education classroom. Children, 10(6), 1008. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10061008
Domingo-Martos, L., Domingo-Segovia, J., & Pérez-García, P. (2024). Broadening the view of inclusion from a social justice perspective. A scoping review of the literature. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 28(10), 2298–2320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2022.2095043
Finkelstein, S., Sharma, U., & Furlonger, B. (2021). The inclusive practices of classroom teachers: a scoping review and thematic analysis. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(6), 735–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1572232
González, M., & Luis Fernández, J. (2016). Consumers’ loyalty related to labor inclusion of people with disabilities. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00885
Gumińska, A., Ujma-Wąsowicz, K., & Fross, K. (2023). Accessibility of space and facilities for people with disabilities. Selected issues, 2928(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0170640
Gustavsson, A., Wendelborg, C., & Tøssebro, J. (2021). Educated for welfare services—The hidden upper secondary school curriculum for students with intellectual disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(4), 424–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/bld.12418
Hayati, N. H., & Achmad, A. (2019). Pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas fasilitas penyandang disabilitas pada bidang pendidikan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Res Publica Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik, 3(3), 267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/respublica.v3i3.45663
Holijah, H. (2020). Strict liability principle: consumer protection from hidden defective products in Indonesia. Sriwijaya Law Review, 4(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol4.Iss2.295.pp109-123
Hollebeek, L. D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing’s role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2018.07.003
Ilham, M., & Suradi, A. (2016). Tinjauan yuridis tanggung jawab pelaku usaha jasa pendidikan atas kerugian konsumen sebagai akibat dari tindak kekerasan di lembaga sekolah swasta (studi kasus tindak kekerasan seksual di Jakarta International School. Diponegoro Law Journal, 5(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2016.12572
Jauhari, A. (2017). Pendidikan inklusi sebagai alternatif solusi mengatasi permasalahan sosial anak penyandang disabilitas. Ijtimaiya: Journal of Social Science Teaching, 1(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.21043/ji.v1i1.3099
Kauffman, J. M., Anastasiou, D., Felder, M., Lopes, J., Hallenbeck, B. A., Hornby, G., & Ahrbeck, B. (2022). Trends and issues involving disabilities in higher education. Trends in Higher Education, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu2010001
Khalil, M., Slade, S., & Prinsloo, P. (2024). Learning analytics in support of inclusiveness and disabled students: a systematic review. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 36(1), 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-023-09363-4
Khan, T., Zakir, M. H., & Iqbal, M. Z. (2023). Comparative analysis of consumer laws in Pakistan and India. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 1162–1175. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.363
Lestari, E. Y., Sumarto, S., & Isdaryanto, N. (2017). Pemenuhan hak bagi penyandang disabilitas di Kabupaten Semarang melalui implementasi convention on the rights of persons with disabillities (CPRD) dalam bidang pendidikan. Integralistik, 28(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15294/integralistik.v28i1.11804
Lid, I. M., Chalachanová, A., van den Breemer, R., & Raustøl, A. (2024). Recognising students with intellectual disabilities in higher education. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2024.2382366
Liu, Y. Y. J., Koseoglu, M. A., Wong, A. K. F., & Kim, S. S. (2023). Contributions of people with disabilities to research the intellectual structure of the hospitality and tourism literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.10.007
Mak, V., & Terryn, E. (2020). Circular economy and consumer protection: the consumer as a citizen and the limits of empowerment through consumer law. Journal of Consumer Policy, 43(1), 227–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-019-09435-y
Marchisio, E. (2021). In support of “no-fault” civil liability rules for artificial intelligence. SN Social Sciences, 1(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-020-00043-z
Mark, B. G., Hofmayer, S., Rauch, E., & Matt, D. T. (2019). Inclusion of workers with disabilities in production 4.0: legal foundations in Europe and potentials through worker assistance systems. Sustainability, 11(21), 5978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11215978
Mason-Williams, L., Bettini, E., Peyton, D., Harvey, A., Rosenberg, M., & Sindelar, P. T. (2020). Rethinking shortages in special education: making good on the promise of an equal opportunity for students with disabilities. Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 43(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406419880352
Mirzoev, T., Tull, K. I., Winn, N., Mir, G., King, N. V, Wright, J. M., & Gong, Y. Y. (2022). Systematic review of the role of social inclusion within sustainable urban developments. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2021.1918793
Pallotta, V. I., Vasilenko, E. V, & Vasilenko, P. G. (2021). Socio-Cultural Aspect of Design and Construction of Modern Orthodox Churches. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1079(4), 042090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1079/4/042090
Pangestuti, R. D., & Pribadi, F. (2022). Konstruksi sosial pendidikan umum bagi penyandang disabilitas. Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Sosial, 6(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.38043/jids.v6i1.3253
Pawestri, A. (2017). Hak penyandang disabilitas dalam perspektif ham internasional dan HAM Nasional. Era Hukum: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum, 15(1), 164-182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24912/era%20hukum.v15i1.670
Peráček, T., & Kaššaj, M. (2023). A critical analysis of the rights and obligations of a limited liability company manager: managerial legislative basis. Laws, 12(3), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws12030056
Priya, A. (2021). Case study methodology of qualitative research: key attributes and navigating the conundrums in its application. Sociological Bulletin, 70(1), 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022920970318
Sanetra-Połgrabi, S. and Z. T. (2022). Protection of consumer rights in the future advertising in the context of economic instability. Futurity Economics&Law, 12–18. https://doi.org/10.57125/FEL.2022.09.25.02
Setiawan, A. D., & Setyowati, R. R. N. (2020). Pemenuhan hak peserta didik penyandang disabilitas di SMA Negeri 4 Sidoarjo (studi akses pendidikan program sekolah inklusi). Kajian Moral Dan Kewarganegaraan, 8(2), 337-351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/kmkn.v8n2.p%25p
Shen, X., Zhou, X., Liao, H.-P., McDonnell, D., & Wang, J.-L. (2024). Uncovering the symptom relationship between anxiety, depression, and internet addiction among left-behind children: A large-scale purposive sampling network analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 171, 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.025
Shi, Y., Pyne, K., Kulophas, D., & Bangpan, M. (2022). Exploring equity in educational policies and primary and secondary education interventions in the context of public health emergencies: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research, 111, 101911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101911
Stein, P. J. S., & Stein, M. A. (2022). Disability, human rights, and climate justice. Human Rights Quarterly, 44(1), 81–110. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2022.0003
Suherman, N. A., Simanjuntak, M., Sari, A. M., & Johan, I. R. (2023). The study of the consumer dispute resolution agency (bpsk) and non-governmental organization for consumer protection (LPKSM) by mixed methods. Journal of Child, Family, and Consumer Studies, 2(3), 257–269. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.2.3.257-269
Sulistyadi, H. K. (2014). Implementasi kebijakan penyelenggaraan layanan pendidikan inklusif di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Kebijakan Dan Manajemen Publik, 2(1), 1–10. https://journal.unair.ac.id/download-fullpapers-kmp08e4cbae56full.pdf
Szumski, G., Smogorzewska, J., & Grygiel, P. (2022). Academic achievement of students without special educational needs and disabilities in inclusive education–Does the type of inclusion matter? PLOS ONE, 17(7), e0270124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270124
Tan, S. Y., Foo, C. De, Verma, M., Hanvoravongchai, P., Cheh, P. L. J., Pholpark, A., Marthias, T., Hafidz, F., Prawidya Putri, L., Mahendradhata, Y., Giang, K. B., Nachuk, S., Wang, H., Lim, J., & Legido-Quigley, H. (2023). Mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations: Lessons for improving health and social equity. Social Science & Medicine, 328, 116007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116007
Tremmel, P., Myers, R., Brunow, D. A., & Hott, B. L. (2020). Educating students with disabilities during the covid-19 pandemic: lessons learned from commerce independent school district. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 39(4), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756870520958114
Wagner, G. (2023). Liability rules for the digital age. Journal of European Tort Law, 13(3), 191–243. https://doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2022-0012
Ye, L., Pan, S. L., Wang, J., Wu, J., & Dong, X. (2021). Big data analytics for sustainable cities: An information triangulation study of hazardous materials transportation. Journal of Business Research, 128, 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.057
Yuanitasari, D., Kusmayanti, H., & Suwandono, A. (2023). A comparison study of strict liability principles implementation for the product liability within Indonesian consumer protection law between Indonesia and United States of America law. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2246748
Authors
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. - Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).