Efisiensi Teknis dan Peran Kelembagaan pada Usahatani Tebu Rakyat di Wilayah Kerja Pabrik Gula Gempolkrep
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/fagb.16.2.329-342Keywords:
DEA, institutional framework, smallholder sugarcane farming, technical efficiency, partnershipsAbstract
Smallholder sugarcane farming plays an important role in supporting Indonesia's sugar self-sufficiency program, as the majority of the country's sugar production originates from smallholder plantations. However, sugarcane productivity in the working area of Gempolkrep Sugar Mill has shown a declining trend in recent years, indicating suboptimal use of production inputs and institutional support. This study analyzes the technical efficiency and institutional roles in smallholder sugarcane farming of the plant cane (PC) category on dryland within the operational area of the Gempolkrep Sugar Mill. The study involved 44 randomly selected farmers. The data used included primary data obtained through interviews and questionnaires, as well as secondary data for support. The analysis method employed was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using a Variable Return to Scale (VRS) approach oriented toward inputs, while the institutional role was analyzed descriptively based on the results of farmer interviews. The results show that smallholder sugarcane farming has a relatively high level of technical efficiency, with an average efficiency score of 0.98 and 61% of farmers categorized as technically efficient. However, inefficiency remains associated with excessive use of land and NPK fertilizer inputs. Institutional analysis indicates that the sugar mill plays the most dominant role through partnership schemes, market access, input provision, and technical support, while the roles of financial institutions, APTR, and local agricultural agencies remain limited. These findings demonstrate that technical efficiency in sugarcane farming is not only determined by input allocation but also influenced by the strength of institutional support systems. Therefore, strengthening institutional collaboration and improving farmers’ access to financing, extension services, and production support are essential to enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the national sugar industry.
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