Struktur Pasar Dan Daya Saing PKO Dan RPO Indonesia Ke Negara G20
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/fagb.16.1.1-9Keywords:
competitiveness, market stucture, palm oil export, PKO, RPOAbstract
This study is motivated by growing challenges to the competitiveness of Indonesia’s PKO and RPO exports in G20 markets, driven by high market concentration, stricter sustainability regulations, and shifting global trade dynamics. This study examines the market structure and competitiveness of PKO (Palm Kernel Oil) and RPO (Refined Palm Oil) exports to G20 countries over the period 2013–2024. The analytical tools used include the CR4 (Concentration Ratio) to determine market structure, HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) to assess market concentration, RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) to measure comparative competitiveness, and DRCA (Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage) to analyze the dynamics of competitiveness over time. The results indicate a monopolistic market structure with CR4 > 90% for both PKO and RPO markets, along with high market concentration indicated by HHI values 1.800 < HI < 10.000. The markets are dominated by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Netherlands, and Belgium for PKO, and by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Netherlands, and Italy for RPO. These findings suggest high entry barriers for competitors and vulnerability to external policies. RCA results show strong competitiveness in most G20 countries, particularly in Brazil for PKO and Russia for RPO, with RCA values > 1. However, the DRCA analysis reveals a decline in competitiveness. In the first period (2013–2016), both commodities were in a "rising star" position, which declined to "lagging retreat" and "falling star" in periods 2 and 3 (2017–2024). This decline is attributed to European Union sustainability policies, environmental crises, certification requirements, limited downstream processing, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a temporary export ban in 2022. This finding highlights the importance of down-streaming strategies, the implementation of sustainability certification such as ISPO, and strengthening supply chain governance to maintain the competitiveness of Indonesia’s palm oil exports in the G20 market.
Downloads
References
BPS. (2021). Semarang dalam Angka 2021. BPS KotaSemarang.https://semarangkota.bps.go.id/id/publication/2021/02/26/cf7000f79cd1c7015c2939fc/kota-semarang-dalam-angka-2021.html
Chotimah, K., Baruwadi, M., & Bakari, Y. (2019). Analisis Efisiensi Usahatani Jagung di Kecamatan Randangan Kabupaten Pohuwato. Agrinesia, 3(3), 174–185.
Djafri, M. S., Harianto, H., & Syaukat, Y. (2017). Optimasi Produksi Usahatani Sayuran Organik (Studi Kasus Yayasan Bina Sarana Bakti, Cisarua, Bogor). Forum Agribisnis, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.29244/fagb.6.1.111-129.
Don Piran, R., Payong, P., & Priscilla Cordanis, A. (2022). Analisis Pemasaran Sayuran di Pasar Inpres Ruteng Kabupaten Manggarai. Forum Agribisnis, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.29244/fagb.12.2.151-160.
Metta, M., Suek, I. J., Bernadina, L., & Pellokila, M. R. (2023). Optimasi Keuntungan Pengusaha Sayuran Hidroponik Di Kota Kupang. J. Pengembangan Penyuluhan Pertanian, 20(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36626/jppp.v20i1.938.
Muhiddin, N., & Lestari, N. (2023). Pengaruh Media Tanam Organik dan Anaorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan Seledri (Apium graveolens L) dengan Sistem Hidroponik DFT. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian. J. Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian, 9(2), 155–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26858/jptp.v9i2.663.
Normansyah, D., Rochaeni, S., & Humaerah, A. D. (2014). Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Sayuran Di Kelompok Tani Jaya, Desa Ciaruteun Ilir, Kecamatan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor. Agribusiness Journal, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/aj.v8i1.5127.
Cahyanda, Q., Fauzi, A. R., & Agustin, H. ,. (2022). Pengaruh Metode Penanaman Hidroponik Dan Konvensional Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Selada Romaine Dan Pakcoy. Jurnal Bioindustri, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.31326/jbio.v4i2.95.
Rosyidah, I., Anshory, I., Sulistiyowati, I., & Syahrorini, S. (2024). Implementation of Image Processing On Hydroponic Pakcoy Plants To Detect AB MIX Nutrient Levels. Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 6(2), 234–239. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v6i2.26143.
Septiadi, D., & Nursan, M. (2021). Optimasi Produksi Usaha Tani Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Sayuran Di Kota Mataram. Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.29103/ag.v5i2.3489.
Setiawan, A. (2019). Buku Pintar Hidroponik. In LaksanaShinta, A. (2001). Ilmu Usaha Tani. Universitas Brawijaya.
Shinta, A. (2001). Ilmu Usaha Tani. Universitas Brawijaya.
Sibuea, P. (2021). Kajian manfaat makanan fungsional di saat pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pangan Dan Hasil Pertanian (RETIPA), 2(1), 83–92.
Suratiyah, K. (2015). Ilmu Usahatani. Penebar Swadaya.
Tando, E. (2019). Pemanfaatan Teknologi Greenhouse Dan Hidroponik Sebagai Solusi Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Dalam Budidaya Tanaman Hortikultura. Buana Sains,19(1). https://doi.org/10.33366/bs.v19i1.1530
Wati, D. R., & Sholihah, W. (2021). Pengontrol pH dan Nutrisi Tanaman Selada pada Hidroponik Sistem NFT Berbasis Arduino. MULTINETICS, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.32722/multinetics.v7i1.3504
Winda, G., Mutiara, V. I., & Sari, R. (2020). Optimalisasi Produksi Usahatani Sayuran Hidroponik Usaha Hydro Garden Padang. JOSETA Journal of Socio-Economics on Tropical Agriculture, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.25077/joseta.v2i2.239Zahara, V. M.& Anwar, C. J. (2021). Mikroekenomi (Sebuah Pengantar). Media Sains Indonesia.
Zahara, V. M., & Anwar, C. J. (2021). Mikroekonomi (Seuah Pengantar). Media Sains Indonesia. Universitas Malikussaleh, 5(2).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Forum Agribisnis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The author submitting the manuscript must understand and agree that the copyright of the article manuscript must be submitted/transferred to the Journal Forum Agribisnis. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA) International License in which the Author and Reader can copy and redistribute the material in any media or format, and remix, modify and build material for any purpose, but they must provide appropriate credit (citing articles or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate whether there is a change. If you mix, change, or create material, you must distribute your contribution under the same license as the original.
